introduction to microwave technologies

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Introduction toMicrowaves Technologies

A Synthetic OverviewA Synthetic OverviewBy Fabio UrbaniBy Fabio Urbani

Department ofDepartment of

Engineering TechnologyEngineering Technology

Brownsville (TX) October 16 2002Brownsville (TX) October 16 2002


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Department of Engineering TechnologyDepartment of Engineering TechnologyBy Fabio Urbani - 10/8/2002 - 3

WHOAMI Ph.D. in Electronics Engineering (1997)

His research interests are in the areas of microwave and millimeter wavecomponents including active antennas. In particular he has been working onelectromagnetic characterization of microwave electronic devices, on propagationand radiation on non conventional media, on the solution of telegraphers

equations for Non Uniform Transmission Lines using Confluent HypergeometricFunctions and on the generalization of the Method of Lines (MoL).

BS Degree in Electronics Engineering (1994)

MMIC circuit design

Telecommunication Industry (1998-2002)

Two year's experience in Project Management

Two year's experience in Process Design

Four year's experience in Pre Sales Technical Support

Two year's experience in Systems Analysis

Four year's experience as an Independent Engineering Consultant (1994-1998)

Five year's experience as a Technical Lecturer (1989-1994)


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Summary

Frequency Range

Governing Equations

Constitutive Relations

Boundary Conditions

Technology

Application Areas

Advanced Research


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Frequency Range

300 MHz to 30 GHz

Wavelength: 1m to 1cmr

f

c

=

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology

Application Areas Advanced Research

Millimetric Waves (up to 300 GHz)

Wavelength: up to 10 mm


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Microwave Engineering

From 1 to 100 GHz

From 30 cm to 3 mm rf

c

=

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology



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Frequency Effects

Propagation time for electrical

effects is comparable with the periodof oscillating currents and charges inthe system

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology



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Consequences

Circuit Size comparable with

Lumped Circuit Elements replacedby TRANSMISSION LINES model

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology



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Governing Equations

Kirchhoffs Laws and Voltage-Current concept no longer suffices

for an adequate description

Analysis in term of a description of

the Electric and Magnetic Fieldassociated with the device

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology



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Maxwells Equations

Derive from: Gauss and Faradays Laws

By application of the Duality Theorem

Can be expressed in the:

Time Domain Frequency Domain Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology



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Time Domain

t

=B

E

eJ

D

H +

= t

eD =

0= B Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology


3

m

V

3m

A

3

m

C

3m

Wb


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Frequency Domain

BE j=

ejJDH

+=

eD =

0= B Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology



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Losses

Linearity

Anisotropy Homogeneity Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology


ED )1(0 e += HB )1(0 m +=


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Boundary Conditions

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology


12EnEn =

12 DnDn =

12 HnHn =

12 BnBn =


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Technology Challenges

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology



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Waveguides

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology



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Waveguides

Micromachined,passivewaveguidestructures

(f>100 GHz)


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Planar Structures

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology


MicrostripTechnology(FerriteDevice)


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Planar Structures

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology


HybridTechnology


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Department of Engineering TechnologyDepartment of Engineering Technology

By Fabio Urbani - 10/8/2002 - 20

Active Elements

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology


MMIC Circuit withpassive and activeelements


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Power Generation

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology


Magnetron Electromagnetic cavities and electron beam

Traveling Wave Tube (TWT) Electromagnetic cavities and electron beam

Klystron Slow-wave circuits and electron beam


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Magnetron

Features KW in CW MW Peak pulsed op.

Uses High-Power radar

systems Microwave Heating

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology



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Traveling Wave Tube

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology


Features Up to 10 W

Uses Satellite

communication


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Klystron

Oscillator or Amplifier

Low Power

MicrowaveReceivers

High Power Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology



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Antennas

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology


MicrostripAntenna Array


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Application Areas

Antennas

Mobile Communication

Remote Sensing Medical Applications

MMIC Design and LAN

EMC Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology



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Frequency Bands

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology


Frequency (GHz) Old Designation New Designation

0.5 1 VHF C

1 2 L D

2 3 S E

3 4 S F

4 6 C G

6 8 C H

8 10 X I

10 12.4 X J

12.4 18 Ku J

18 20 K J

20 26.5 K K

26.5 40 Ka K


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Antennas

GPS Active Antennas

Adaptive antennas

Antennas Array Reflector Antennas

Low Observable Antennas

Conformal High Performance Arrays Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology



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Mobile Communication

Scattering Propagation Models

Electromagnetic simulation with CADsoftware (Touchstone-Libra and HFSS)

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) &UMTS(Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology



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EM Fields & BiologicalSystems

Electromagnetic pollution, dosimetryand protection

Biological effects and interactionmechanism

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology



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Remote Sensing

Microwave Passives Sensors Design forAtmospheric Parameters Measurement

Satellite Remote Sensing of Precipitation Intensityfor Cloudy Systems of Various Characteristics

Prospecting Radar (GPR) for the Characterizationof the Underground Properties

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology



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Medical Applications

Microwave hyperthermia for cancertherapy

A therapy using non-ionizing microwaveradiation

Diagnostic with bioimpedences (BIA)

Analysis of resistance and reactance inthe human body

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology



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MMIC Design & LAN

MMIC design in the 0.5-40 GHzfrequency range

Wireless Communication and LocalArea Networks

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology



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ElectromagneticCompatibility #1

Electronics in applications forvehicles

Telecommunications

Medical devices

Avionics Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology



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ElectromagneticCompatibility #2

Information processing

Electro-explosive devices (EEDs)

Satellite systems and subsystems Military ships (surface and

subsurface)

Radio transmitters and receivers Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology



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Potential Research Areas

EMC

Wireless Networks

Remote Sensing

Energy Conversion(SPS)

Frequency Range

Governing Equations


Boundary Conditions

Technology



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Questions & Answers


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Fabio Urbani

[email protected] 574 6650
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

introduction to microwave technologies

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