introduction to microbial pathogenesis
TRANSCRIPT
7/23/2019 Introduction to Microbial Pathogenesis
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ntroduction
to
Microbial (thok kq )
Pathogenesis
(jksxtuu )
By: Rahul MalikJanuary, 2016
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Infectious Agent
• “A single [type] of micro-organism could beisolated from all animals suffering from anthrax;
• The disease could be reproduced in anexperimental host by infection with a pureculture of this bacterium; and
• The same [type] of micro-organism could
subsequently be reisolated from theexperimental host.”
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Infectious Agents in Humans
• Prion - scrapie
• Viruses – HIV, influenza
• Bacteria – Mycobacterium tuberculosis• Fungi – Candida albicans
• Protozoa – Plasmodium falciparum
• Helminths – Schistosoma mansoni
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Normal Abnormal
Prion
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Virus
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Bacteria
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Fungi
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Protozoa
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Helminths
Ascaris lumbricoides : human intestinal roundworm
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Barriers
Physical barrier : Skin, Mucosal gel overlaying
epithelium (respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenitary)
Microbiological barrier : Normal microbioflora
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Initiation of Disease
contact with pathogenic organism:
human to human, animal to human
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Transmission
• Aerosols to respiratory mucosa
• Fomite to nasopharyngial or conjungtive
mucosa
• Fecal – Oral Route
• Mucosal surface to mucosal surface
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Transmission
Multiplication
Dissemination
Invasion
Breach of epithelium
Colonization of mucosa
Infectious Disease Cycle
or
Attachment to target cells
To subepithelial or intracellular space
Evasion of
host defense
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Invasion
Bacterial Viral
•Transcytosis across superficial
epithelium to subepithilial space
•Induce engulfment by non-
phagocytic host cells
•Local reararrangement of host
cell cytoskeleton
•Phagocytosis
•Utilization of membranous cell
gateway
•Pass through plasma membrane
•Membrane invagination
•Clathrin
•Fusion with host cell plasma
membrane
•HIV gp120/41
•T lymphocyte CD4
•Macrophage CCR5
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Evasion/Manipulation of Host Defense
• Modulation of innate/inflammatory response
• Resistance to phagocytic killing in subepithelial space
• Serum resistance
• Antigenic variation