Introduction to Linguistics

Ms. Suha Jawabreh

Lecture # 3

Review: The Components of Language

1 .Sounds – Phonetics and Phonology

2 .Words – Morphology

3 .Phrases and sentences- Syntax

4 .Meaning- Semantics and Pragmatics

Chapter 1: What is Phonetics ?

Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that aims to study the sounds of human speech .

Why do we need to study Phonetics?

-Phonetics will help you improve your English pronunciation.

-Phonetics will help you pronounce English words correctly .

The Vocal Tract

-The vocal tract is a group of organs involved in the production of speech sounds.

-For speech to occur, air must be forced up out of the lungs, up the trachea (windpipe), and into the vocal tract.

The Organs of Speech

Classification of sounds

Sounds

Consonants Vowels

( E.g. [s] , [t]( ) . . [ ], [ ]E g i e )

Classification of Consonants

We classify consonants along three major dimensions:

1 .Voicing

2 .Place of articulation

3 .Manner of articulation

Voicing

a term used in phonetics to characterize speech sounds, with sounds described as either:

1 .Voiced

2 .Voiceless

The Larynx and the Vocal Folds

-When the vocal folds are spread apart, the air from the lungs passes between . them freely. Sounds produced in this way are described as voiceless.

Examples of voiceless sounds :]s],[f.[

-When the vocal folds are drawn together, the air from the lungs repeatedly pushes them apart as it passes through, creating a vibration effect. Sounds

produced in this way are described as voiced.

Examples of voiced sounds:

]z],[v .[

Practice

Decide if the following sounds are voiced (V-) or voiceless (V-):

1] .k[2].g[3].t[

4].m[5].h[