introduction to information system
TRANSCRIPT
Goal of this Course
• This class is a broad introduction to Information System (IS)
• IS is a very broad field with many subareas
• We will cover many of the primary concepts/ideas
Data, Information, and Knowledge
• Data:
• Raw facts. Raw facts such as an employee’s name and number of
hours worked in a week, inventory part numbers or sales orders.
• Information:
• Collection of facts organized in such a way that they have value
beyond the facts themselves
• Process:
• Set of logically related tasks
• Knowledge:
• Awareness and understanding of a set of information
Types of Data
• Alphanumeric (sometimes shortened to alphameric) is a
combination of alphabetic and numeric characters, and is
used to describe the collection of Latin letters and Arabic
digits or a text constructed from this collection.
• Merriam-Webster observes that the term "alphanumeric"
may often additionally refer to other symbols, such as
punctuation and mathematical symbols.
• In the POSIX/C locale, there are either 36 (A-Z0-9, case
insensitive) or 62 (A-Za-z0-9, case-sensitive)
alphanumeric characters.
What is an Information System?
• Information system (IS) is a set of interrelated elements
that:
• Collect (input)
• Manipulate (process)
• Store
• Disseminate (output) data and information
• Provide a corrective reaction (feedback mechanism) to meet an
objective
What is an Information System?
Feedback is critical to the successful operation of a system
Input, Processing, Output, Feedback
• Input:
• Activity of gathering and capturing raw data
• Processing:
• Converting data into useful outputs
• Output:
• Production of useful information, usually in the form of documents
and reports
• Feedback:
• Information from the system that is used to make changes to input
or processing activities
Manual and Computerized Information Systems
• An information system can be:
• Manual or computerized
• Example:
• Investment analysts manually draw charts and trend lines to assist
them in making investment decisions
• Computerized information systems:
• Follow stock indexes and markets and suggest when large blocks
of stocks should be purchased or sold
Note: A trend line is formed when a diagonal line can be drawn between two or more price pivot points. They are commonly used to judge entry and exit investment timing when trading securities
Manual Information System
Computerized Information System
Components of an information system
The 5 components that must come together in order to produce a
computer-based information system are:
1. Hardware: The term
hardware refers to
machinery. This category
includes the computer itself,
which is often referred to as
the central processing unit
(CPU), and all of its support
equipments. Among the
support equipments are
input and output devices,
storage devices and
communications devices.
Basic hardware of a computer
Functions of the Basic Hardware of a Computer
2. Software: The term software refers to computer programs and
the manuals (if any) that support them. Computer programs are
machine-readable instructions that direct the circuitry within the
hardware parts of the system to function in ways that produce
useful information from data. Programs are generally stored on
some input / output medium,often a disk or tape.
3. Data: Data are facts that are used by programs to produce
useful information. Like programs,data are generally stored in
machine-readable form on disk or tape until the computer
needs them.
4. Processes: Processes are the policies that govern the
operation of a computer system. " Processes are to people
what software is to hardware" is a common analogy that is used
to illustrate the role of procedures in a system.
5.Human: Every system needs human if it is to be useful. Often the
most over-looked element of the system are the people, probably
the component that most influence the success or failure of
information systems.
Differences between data and information
Raw data from a supermarket checkout counter can be processed and organized
to produce meaningful information, such as the total unit sales of dish detergent
or the total sales revenue from dish detergent for a specific store or sales
territory.
Differences between data and information
A four level pyramid model of different types of information systems
based on the different levels of hierarchy in an organization
Categories of information system
Transaction Processing System
Management Information System
Executive Information System
Decision Support System
Information Systems to support decisions
Office Information System
Expert System
Characteristics of Valuable Information
Using information systems effectively requires an understanding of the organization, management, and information technology shaping the
systems. An information system creates value for the firm as an organizational and management solution to challenges posed by the
environment.
Information Systems Are More Than Computers
The Interdependence Between Organizations and Information
Technology
There is a growing interdependence between a firm’s information systems and its business
capabilities. Changes in strategy, rules, and business processes increasingly require
changes in hardware, software, databases, and telecommunications. Often, what the
organization would like to do depends on what its systems will permit it to do.
Information System eTran Manager
• The main designation of information system eTran Manager 2.0 is overall encompassing of processes, related to fleet management of vehicle . This is corporate management information system, which combines administrative, technical and accounting-financial information.
• The software system addresses wide range of tasks in keeping up-to-date information about vehicles in use, drivers, insurances, roadworthiness tests, planned maintenance and repairs. Managed operational data includes information about course routes, traveling payments in the country and abroad, fuel and oil expenses, tires mileage and expenses, planned or accidental repairs expenses, incomes from the activity, as well as other generalized and analytical information. Various reports are supported.
• The information system eTran Manager can be integrated with other information systems (billing system, GPS, ERP system …), which work in the company and her suppliers.
