introduction to information and communication...

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INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)

AND ITS BUSINESS APPLICATION

Professional Training in

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and E-Governance

For Class III Officers of the Government of Nepal 2016/08/24

Myself

Suwarn Kr. Singh

MCMIS- Netherlands, EMBA-Pokhara University,

MscIT-Manipal University

Director of Studies, NASC

10 + yrs of work experience as an IT and Management

Professional

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Let’s know each other

Find someone

Match Number

Introduce your Friend with following details:

• Name

• Member in Family

• Office

• Educational Background

• Hobbies and Interest

AGENDA

EvoIution and growth of ICT

Basics of computer and ICT

ICT components (H/W, S/W, N/W, Data and People)

ICT application for organizational development and

management

Contemporary issues of ICT

The History of Computing

3000 B.C.: The Abacus

o The original mechanical counting

device

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1642: The Pascaline

oA counting-wheel design

A single revolution of one wheel would engage gears that turned the wheel one tenth of a revolution to its immediate left

1842: Bassage’s Difference Engine and

the Analytical Engine

Diagram Showing Method

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A Pantograph Punch

1942: The First Eletcronic Digital Computer:

The ABC

1946: The Electronic ENIAC Computer

o Used vacuum tubes

o ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

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1951: The UNIVAC I and the First Generation

of Computers

o Used vacuum tubes in the first generation of computers

(1951-1959)

1963: The PDP-8 Minicomputer

o In 1963 Digital Equipment Corporation introduced the

PDP-8

o The first successful minicomputer

1964: The IBM System/360 and the Third

Generation of Computers

o The third generation was characterized by computers

built around integrated circuits

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1981: The IBM PC

o IBM tossed its hat into the personal computer ring with its

announcement of the IBM Personal Computer

1989: The World Wide Web

o Berners-Lee and a small team of scientists conceived

HTML (the language of the Internet), URLs (Internet

addresses), and put up the first server supporting the

World Wide Web format

1996: The Handheld Computer

o The Palm Pilot handheld computer was introduced by

Palm Computing, Inc.

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Personal Computers to Supercomputers

Personal Computer (PC)

oDesktop PC

Notebook PC

Tablet PC

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Wearable PC

Handheld Computer

Workstation

o To visualize and solve complex,

technical problems.

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Server Computers

oApplications in business financial,

customer management solutions,

decision support data warehouse, e-

commerce, and enterprise resource

planning

Supercomputer

Rack Servers 27

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Blade Server 28

Data processing systems

o Transaction handling, record keeping

o Primarily for clerical personnel and

operational-level managers

Artificial intelligence

o Expert systems, simulation of human

sensory capabilities, neural networks,

intelligent agents, robots and robotics

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Virtual reality

oCombines computer graphics with

special hardware to immerse users in

an artificial three-dimensional world

Virtual Meeting 32

Lets profile the Information systems/computing devices used

in our institutions;

Name the components of Information systems/computing

devices used;

Write the use of Information systems/computing devices used

for organizational and personal purpose.

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Group Exercise:

Member in Group:5

Time: 30

Presentation: 5 Min Each Group

Draw and Label the Computers

Group Work

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Information and Communication Technology

o Information Communication Technology

o Information Technology /IT (Analogy)

o Any technology related to the information

o Technology Related means technology 4: Processing data/information

Transmitting / receiving information

Storing data/information

Presenting data/ information e.t.c

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ICT / IT Components

Hardware Technology o Tangible component of computer system

Software Technology o Intangible components driving hardware

Network Technology o Components that enable exchange of data/information

Database Technology Components related to data/information storage

Users

o Expert Users and Normal Users

IT acts and policies

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ICT and System thinking

Application of ICT is an Information System

concept

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• It is a process

concept

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Why ICT

Delivering Services Services with reduced cost (Cost per transaction)

Exchange of transactions

Integration and Interoperability

Paperless Governance

Engage Citizens

Learning and Growth

For driving institutions in terms of Driving organizational processes

Decision making and problem solving

Governance

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Preamble and prospective

4’c Dimension of ICT and e-Gov:

•Computing;

•Connectivity;

•Content; and

•Capacity.

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Practice and present

Pillars Summary

A. Infrastructure as a utility to every citizen

Broadband

Highway

Laying national optical fiber network to

provide high-speed broadband coverage

highways connecting villages, various

government departments and universities.

The integrated information infrastructure with

integration of State Wide Area Network

(SWAN), National Knowledge Network

(NKN) and National Optical Fiber Network

(NOFN) were deployed to enable institutions

to perform interoperable.

India: NOP to Connect 250000 VDC

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Universal

access to

mobile

Penetration of mobile networks through

various telecommunication providers to

provide mobile connectivity to urban, semi-urban

and villages.

China: Over the last 17 years, Chinese

online community has become the

largest in the world ( By: CINIC)

Public Internet

Access Program

(PIAP)

Having better presence of NOFN and

mobile penetration helped India and

China to deliver the government services

through PIAP.


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Electronics

manufacturing

Since, China and India are leaders in

electronics manufacturing, it helped

them to design and deploy the

digital services more effectively than

Nepal

Financial

commitment

Government, Private institutions

and BFI's showed better commitment to

support the e-Governance missions


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B. Governance and services on demand

Plans for e-App development and

seamless integration of

government services (e-

Governance

implementation

framework and

strategies)

India: Initiated in 2000,

adopted a five – point plan to

Implement effective e-

Governance:

• A nationwide mandate to

allocate a fixed percentage

of annual budget to e-

Governance,


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Plans for e-App development and

seamless integration of

government services (e-

Governance

implementation

framework and

strategies)

In China: Initiated in 1999,

through, "China’s Government

Online Project” took administrative

reform objectives like: Streamlining

40 ministries to 29, Rejuvenation of

State Workers, More Rational

Calculation of Expenditures and

Intensification of Anti-corruption

Campaigns, etc.


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Cashless

transactions

initiatives

designing user friendly digital

services


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Cost of digital

service

Affordability of internet

and cheap availability of

electronic devices for better

penetration and reducing

digital divide


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Incentivizing

digital services

linking digital services and

facilities with subsidies


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C. Digital empowerment of citizens

e-Readiness

ICT skill

enhancement of

civil

servants/Citizens

In India, Guided by e-Government Framework

and Strategy.

Strategic Initiatives:

• Gyandoot;

• E-Sewa;

• SETU;

• FRIENDS;

• Information Kiosks; Warana Cooperatives;

• Digital India Mission 2015


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D. ICT Policies and procedures maturity

Policies and

procedures

in place

Continuous efforts on writing ICT friendly

policy and procedures especially in the

area:

Privacy; Security;

Copyright;

Retention;

Access to Information;

Language; etc.


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Nepal’s Perspective: Stage of ICT4SD

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Gov website Offers limited,

basic, static

info.

Phase 1

Emerging

Content and Information

is updated

with greater

regularity

Phase 2

Enhance

Form can be downloaded;

Applications

submitted

online

Phase 3

Interactive

Users can actually pay

for services or

conduct

financial transactions

online

Phase 4

Transactional

Total integration

of e-functions

and services

across administrative

/departmental

boundaries

Phase 5

Seamless

UN/ASPA global survey

Case: # rs. 500 and 1000 Bomb 50

Less Cash Vs Cash Less

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Less Cash Vs Cash Less

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Nepal’s Opportunity and Challenges

in Using ICT in Service Design and

Management

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Activity [15 min]: Group

Increasing Speed of Uptake of Technology

Opportunities

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Mobile and Internet in Nepal

131.78 %

(34913320) Tele Density (26,494,504 मध्ये)

58.31 %

(15449996) Internet Penetration

Source: nta.gov.np , cbs.gov.np

MIS Report of NTA, Data of Chaitra, 2073 (13, April 2017)

Opportunities

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Opportunities: Process Re-engineering

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Application Supported by Blocked Amount (ASBA)

NASC Initiatives to Paperless 62


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Population prediction: PPl 65

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Global Presence: Attractive sector for Investment

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Online Service

0.3986

Telecom Infra.

0.1675

Human Capital

0.4714

Index Value

0.3458 (Rank 135)

e-Government Development in Southern Asia

S.N Country

E-Gov

Development

Index

Ranking

2016 2016 2014 2012

4 India 0.4637 107 118 125

5 Bangladesh 0.3799 124 148 150

6 Bhutan 0.3506 133 143 152

7 Pakistan 0.2583 159 158 156

8 Nepal 0.3458 135 165 164

9 Afghanistan 0.2313 171 173 184

World Average

0.4922

Source: UN E-Government Survey 2012,2014,2016

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Challenges: Channels management

Challenges: IM’s

Confidentiality

o Requires information in a computer system only be accessible for reading by authorized parties

Integrity

o Assets can be modified by authorized parties only

Availability

o Assets be available to authorized parties

Authenticity

o Requires that a computer system be able to verify the identity of a user

Challenges: IM’s

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Challenges: IM’s

Information management must always be aware of and respect the legislative

and policy of requirements:

Privacy;

Security;

Copyright;

Retention;

Access to Information;

Language; etc.

Governmental Documents Disposal Rules, 2027 (1971)

National Communication Policy, 1992 A. D.

Telecommunication Act, 1997 A.D

Telecommunication Regulation, 1997 A.D

The Copyright Act, 2059 (2002)

The Electronic Transactions and Digital Signature Act, 2063 (2006)

Electronic Transactions Rules 2064 (2007)

Information Technology Policy 2067, (2010)

NRB Information Technology Guidelines 2069, (2012)

National Information and Communication Technology Policy 2072, (2015)

Challenges : Inline with Policies

Challenges: Digital Divide

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Digital Divides – Awareness, Availability, Accessibility, and

Affordability

Awareness

People must know what can be done with ICT; they must also be open to

using ICT

Availability

ICT must be offered within reasonable proximity, with appropriate

hardware/software

Accessibility

relates to the ability to use the ICT (spanning literacy, e-literacy, language,

interfaces, etc.)

Affordability

All ICT usage together should, ideally, be only a few percent of one’s income

(under 10% maximum on average); this covers life-cycle costs (termed total

costs of ownership – TCO), software, connectivity education, etc

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Thank You