introduction to infectious diseaseinfectious. infectious disease – key terms infectious – can...
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Infectious Disease – Key Terms
• Infectious – can spread • Disease – an abnormal condition affecting the
body of an organism• Pathogens – “germs”; what causes disease
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Germ Theory through the AgesGerm Theory – states that diseases are caused by microorganisms
Before
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Before Germ Theory…• Theory of “Spontaneous Generation” – diseases were simply an unfortunate
occurrence due to chance & probability
Think about it….
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Significant Historical Developments in Infectious Disease & Germ
Theory
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
• First microbiologist; Dutch; 1670s• Used microscopes to observe and identify
microscopic living organisms
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Ignaz Semmelweis• Vienna, 1840s
“Childbirth fever”
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Louis Pasteur• France, 1859 – Curved Flask Experiment
• Essentially the definitive demonstration negating spontaneous generation
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Joseph Lister• Lister, 1860s:
Antiseptics• Washed wounds to
prevent infections during surgery
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Taxonomy and Infectious Disease• What types of pathogens cause infectious diseases?• In what taxonomic kingdoms are they classified?
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Taxonomy and Infectious Disease
Prokarya
Eukarya
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Autotrophic
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Pathogen 1: Bacteria• Living
– Kingdom Eubacteria (although only a small fraction of this kingdom are pathogenic)
• Structure– Prokaryotic cells– Produce toxins that harm host (parasitic)
Exam
ples
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Pathogen 2: Viruses• Non-living!!!!
– Infect host and take over cellular metabolism to construct new viruses
• Structure:– DNA or RNA core– Contained in protein
capsid– Protein spikes to
attach to host cells– Some have a
membranous envelope
– Shape can vary but all viruses are typically symmetrical
Examples: HIV, Influenza, Ebola, Chickenpox
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Pathogen 3: Fungi• Living – Kingdom Fungi• Structure:– Eukaryotic– Chitin cell wall– Heterotrophic (by absorbing nutrients from host)
• Examples: Ringworm, Yeast Infections, Athlete’s Foot
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Pathogen 4: Parasites• Living – Kingdoms Protista & Animalia• Structures:– Protozoans – single celled organisms– Helminthes – worms– Animal structures – mosquitoes, fleas, ticks
• Transmitted through ingestion of eggs & insect bites• Examples: Malaria, Tapeworm, Bubonic Plague
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Pathogen 5: Prions• Non-living• Structure– Misfolded proteins
that cause brain and neural damage, eventually fatal
• Examples: Mad Cow Disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
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Classroom Activity: “History-Altering” Infectious Diseases
1. Your group will be assigned 1 infectious disease that altered history.2. Research that disease with your group on www.cdc.gov or other reliable sources about one of the following diseases:
• Smallpox in Native American populations during Age of Exploration/Colonialism • Tuberculosis in Industrial Revolution age (“The Great White Plague”), • Bubonic Plague in Europe (“Black Death”)• Cholera in England (England 1800s), • Yellow fever in the Panama Canal, • Typhus (body lice) during the Thirty Years War• Polio in late 19th-early 20th century; • Biology/plant life extension: potato blight (cause of the Irish potato famine), • 1918 influenza in America (“Great Influenza” “Spanish flu” “Flu of 1918”)• H1N1 Bird flu• Swine flu