introduction to hospitals
DESCRIPTION
INTRODUCTION TO HOSPITALSTRANSCRIPT
ETYMOLOGY
• The English word “Hospital," originates from the Latin word “Hospile”, also some view that it comes from the French word “Hospitale”.
• All these institutions are meant for treating their clients, although the style may be different.
• The term Hospital means an establishment or temporary space occupied by the sick or injured. Hospital is an institution in which sick or injured persons are treated.
CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITALS
• The most commonly accepted criteria for classification of modern hospitals are according to :
1.Length of stay of patient. 2.Clinical basis.
3.Ownership / control basis.
4.Objectives.
5.Size.
6.Management.
7.System of medicine
SPECIALITY HOSPITALS
CENTRAL GOVT HOSPITALS
GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS
PRIVATE HOSPITALS
PUBLIC HOSPITALS
CORPORATE HOSPITALS
BASED ON SERVICE
LENGTH OF STAY• A patient stays for a short time
in hospital for treatment of disease that is acute in nature, such as pneumonia, peptic ulcer, etc.
• A patient may stay for a long term in a hospital for treatment of diseases that are chronic in nature such as TB, Leprosy, Cancer etc.
• The hospitals according to long term & short term are also known as Chronic care hospitals & acute care hospitals.
CLINICAL BASIS• These are licensed hospitals &
are considered as general hospitals, treat all kinds of diseases, major focus on treating condition such as heart diseases, cancer etc.
OWNERSHIP / CONTROL
• On the basis of ownership / control, hospitals can be divided into four categories:
1. Public Hospitals.
2.Voluntary Hospitals.
3. Private/Charitable Hospitals/ Nursing Homes.
4. Corporate Hospitals
OBJECTIVES• Teaching Cum Research Hospitals : It is
a hospital to which a college is attached for medical/ nursing/ dental/ pharmacy education. The main objective of these hospitals is teaching based on research & the provision of health care is secondary. AIIMS, JIPMER
• General Hospitals : Are hospitals that provide treatment for common diseases & conditions.The main objective of these hospitals are to provide medical care to the people, Eg: PHC, Rural Taluk Hospitals
SPECIALIZED HOSPITALS• SPECIALIZED HOSPITALS : Are
those that provide medical & nursing care primarily for only on discipline on a specific disease or condition of one system such as TB, ENT, Leprosy,STD, etc.
ISOLATION HOSPITALS• ISOLATION HOSPITALS : Are
those hospitals in which the persons suffering from infections / communicable diseases require isolation. E.g. Epidemic disease hospital, Bangalore.
SIZE• Teaching Hospital 500 beds (to
be increased according to the number of students).
• District Hospitals - 200 beds, (to be increased up to 300 according to the population).
• Taluka Hospital – 50 beds (May raised depending upon population to be served).• Primary Health Centers -6 (may
be raised up to 10 )
MANAGEMENT 1. Union Government/Govt of
India : Railway hospitals, Defense hospitals, etc.
2.State Govt Hospitals : Hospitals administered by state/ Union territory including police, prison, irrigation department.
3.Local Bodies Hospitals that are administered
by local bodies i.e. municipal corporation, zila parishad, panchayat, corporation maternity hospitals.
4.Autonomous bodies 4.Autonomous bodies : Hospitals
that are established under special act of parliament or state legislation & funded by Central/ state Govt; AIIMS.
5.Private All private hospitals that are
owned by an individual owner or by private organization.
6.Voluntary agency• All hospitals operated by a
voluntary body/ a trust/charitable society etc. It includes hospitals run by missionary bodies & co operations. E.g. CMC Vellore.
SYSTEM• 1.Allopathic Hospitals.• 2.Ayurvedic Hospitals.• 3.Homeopathic Hospitals.• 4.Unani Hospitals.• 5.Hospitals of other systems of
medicine.
ALLOPATHIC HOSPITALS
HOMEOPATHIC HOSPITAL
UNANI HOSPITALS
FUNCTIONS OF A HOSPITAL
FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS OF HOSPITAL1. Care of sick & injured.2. Prevention of disease.3. Promotion of health.4. Diagnosis of treatment of
disease.5. Scientific application of mental
hygiene & mental therapy.
6. Rehabilitation. 7. Medical Education. 8. Research.
1.CARE OF THE SICK & INJURED
• Hospital is a medical institution where client suffering from some disease/health problems is getting treated & cared. Comprehensive care is provided to the sick/injured client by health care team.
• Clients are treated according to priority or needs. E.g. Emergency care is provided to client with heart attack than the client who comes with a general illness.
2.PREVENTION OF DISEASE
• Prevention of disease is accomplished by early screening & detection of risk. Maintaining aseptic technic, following the principles of medical care can prevent the occurrence of certain complications.
3.PROMOTION OF HEALTH
• A client who is maintaining his health can accomplish higher level of health. In hospital setting, various aspects of health promotion are taken. E.g. health education, supplementation, & regular checkup.
4.DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT OF DISEASE
• As soon the client approaches the health care team, a complete assessment is done. Afterward medical diagnosis is made & treatment is started.
5.SCIENTIFIC APPLICATION OF MENTAL HYGEINE & MENTAL
THERAPY• Mental health is an important
aspect of a healthy person. Clients suffering from stress, mental health problems are treated in hospitals. Counseling is also done in the hospital setting.
6.REHABILITATION• Rehabilitation is a process where an
individual is re educated, particularly where an individual has been ill/injured, to enable them for becoming capable of useful activity. E.g. Care of a person who has undergone amputation.
7.MEDICAL EDUCATION• Hospitals attached to medical,
nursing colleges provide medical & nursing education. The students are taught how to care for a client, how to provide indivualized care, how to tackle emergency, & clinical knowledge.
8.RESEARCH• Incidence, prevalence rates,
morbidity & mortality rates are calculated from the hospital settings. Prevalence of disease is done by conducting research.
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