Introduction toIntroduction to GIS Systems GIS Systems

Ady EckerAdy Ecker

HistoryHistory

ApplicationsApplications CartographyCartography Military CMilitary C44II GovernmentGovernment TransportationTransportation AgricultureAgriculture BusinessBusiness Communications, mobile devicesCommunications, mobile devices InternetInternet

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The North Carolina Center for Geographic

Information & Analysis (CGIA)

The North Carolina Center for Geographic

Information & Analysis (CGIA)

For More Information

www.cgia.state.nc.us

For More Information

www.cgia.state.nc.us

What is a Geographic Information System (GIS)?

What is a Geographic Information System (GIS)?

A computer-based data storage and analysis tool that combines previously unrelated information into a comprehensive picture.

A computer-based data storage and analysis tool that combines previously unrelated information into a comprehensive picture.

Aerial Imagery

Elevation

Geodetic Control

Boundaries

Surface Waters

Transportation

Land Ownership

Thematic DataThematic DataFramework DataFramework Data

Soils

Sewer Lines

Water Lines

Landcover

Wetlands

Flood Zones

CorporateCorporate Geographic Database

GIS gives you the power to do things that were simply

impossible before.

GIS gives you the power to do things that were simply

impossible before.

The power to understand complex relationships.

The power to understand complex relationships.

Forsyth County: Water Supplies & Water Delivery System

Forsyth County: Water Supplies & Water Delivery System

The power to plan for tomorrow, based on an accurate picture of today.

The power to plan for tomorrow, based on an accurate picture of today.

The power to present data in a clear, compelling way.

The power to present data in a clear, compelling way.

The power to make informed decisions. The power to make informed decisions.

The power to save time, money and even lives.

The power to save time, money and even lives.

GIS can be applied to:GIS can be applied to:

Crime reduction Public safety

enhancement Siting new schools Redistricting Floodplain mapping Growth management Disaster recovery Tax mapping

Crime reduction Public safety

enhancement Siting new schools Redistricting Floodplain mapping Growth management Disaster recovery Tax mapping

Economic development School bus routing Fire station location Land conservation Environmental impact

studies Water & sewer expansion Superfund cleanup

Economic development School bus routing Fire station location Land conservation Environmental impact

studies Water & sewer expansion Superfund cleanup

Situation #1:Situation #1:The City of Wilson needed to locate

a new fire station.The City of Wilson needed to locate

a new fire station.

Wilson, N.C.Wilson, N.C.

drive all the roads in the city

figure times and distances to each household and business by hand

allow a year to complete the study

drive all the roads in the city

figure times and distances to each household and business by hand

allow a year to complete the study

Without GIS:Without GIS:

Wilson, N.C.Wilson, N.C.

With GIS: ran more than 40 computer

scenarios in just 3 days

analyzed benefits of building a new station versus moving an existing one

determined best solution: relocate 2 existing stations

With GIS: ran more than 40 computer

scenarios in just 3 days

analyzed benefits of building a new station versus moving an existing one

determined best solution: relocate 2 existing stations

Wilson, N.C.Wilson, N.C.

Results:

reduced time to reach all locations in city from 7 minutes to 4 minutes

over 5 years, city saved an estimated $2,000,000 in building costs, equipment, salaries, etc.

Results:

reduced time to reach all locations in city from 7 minutes to 4 minutes

over 5 years, city saved an estimated $2,000,000 in building costs, equipment, salaries, etc.

Disaster recoveryDisaster recovery

Floodplain mappingFloodplain mapping

Hurricane Floyd

100 year flood

500 year flood

Flooding in Greenville

Watershed planningWatershed planning

ZoningZoning

Smart growthSmart growth

Police and fire deploymentPolice and fire deployment

Residential developmentResidential development

Economic developmentEconomic development

Fund allocationFund allocation

Prime Farmland in Johnston County

Intelligent demographicsIntelligent demographics

Typical system structureTypical system structure

data acquisition

storage network

display

Application logic

Research areasResearch areas

Computer visionComputer vision Computational GeometryComputational Geometry GraphicsGraphics HCIHCI

GeodesyGeodesy

EllipsoidEllipsoid Projections: Geographic, UTMProjections: Geographic, UTM Distance, AzimuthDistance, Azimuth DatumDatum

ElevationsElevations

GeoidGeoid DTM representations: DTM representations:

TIN, Grid, elevation TIN, Grid, elevation contourscontours

Problems: Problems: – interpolation interpolation – renderingrendering– line and area of sight line and area of sight – planning routes in 3Dplanning routes in 3D– HCIHCI

Practical issuesPractical issues

FormatsFormats Data integrationData integration Software engineeringSoftware engineering PrintingPrinting

Key PlayersKey Players

NimaNima ESRI – ArcGISESRI – ArcGIS Intergraph - GeomediaIntergraph - Geomedia MapInfoMapInfo Autometric (Boeing)Autometric (Boeing)

Snapshots (Autometric)Snapshots (Autometric)

Snapshots (Autometric)Snapshots (Autometric)

ESRIESRI

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GeoMedia DemosGeoMedia Demos

QueriesQueries

SkylineSkyline

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The EndThe End