Intro to Urban Geography

1

• Dubai – 3 minute Video

• The Places We Live – Interactive

• Train running through marketplace

• Little Boxes – Placelessness

• Best and Worst Commutes

• Growth of NYC - news

• Chicago's Urban Footprint through time - Scroll to

second image

• 10 most segregated cities

2

3

• How Shanty Towns Rise Up

• NYC Before the City – Start at 3 minutes

• Article – What It’s Like to Be In Hell.

• Henry Horner Homes

4

5

Urban Functions

• Early functions

– Government centers

– Protection

– Agglomeration

• Economy sectors

– Primary

– Secondary

– Tertiary

• Economic bases

– Basic sector

– Non-basic sector

– Multiplier effect

6

Locations of Cities

• Site factors

– Characteristics of location

• Situation factors

– Other cities

– Transportation/trade routes

7

Models of Urban Form

• Four models of internal patterns

– Concentric zone

– Sector

– Multiple-nuclei

– Peripheral

• Social factors

• Government

• Environmental concerns

Concentric Zone Model

Concentric Zone Model – 1923 –

E.W. Burgess

•Growth occurs in rings around the CBD.

•Poor and Industry are located around the CBD

•Workers have to be close to work so they are the next ring

•Middle class acts as a buffer between rich and poor so they

are next

•Rich can afford to be far away from CBD and commute to work

•Oldest theory – related to Von Thunen’s model

•Toronto – the ring is interrupted by the lake – but there is a

pattern of ring growth in Toronto

•See diagram next slide

9

CBD

Sector Model

Sector Model – 1939 – Homer

Hoyt

•Remember the pattern: •industry next to CBD, workers next to industry, middle class acting as a

buffer and then the high class .

•You will not have the high class touching the low class

•Transportation is key in this model and growth occurs

outwards along major roads or rail lines

•Also called Corridor growth

•High class will have access to the CBD

12

Multiple Nuclei Model

Multiple Nuclei Model – 1945 –

Harris and Ullman

•Based on Nodal growth – •Particular centers begin the growth

•Each classification has its own node or center

•Relates to modern cities with detached suburb and industry

•Heavy industry has moved out of CBD

•A second CBD is taken into account

•The rest is the same pattern as the other two but remember:

•Concentric – rings,

•Sector – corridors

•Multi-Nuclei – nodes

14

Peripheral Model

Peripheral Model - Harris

• This model relates more to the areas outside the city.

• An urban area consists of an inner city surrounded by large

suburban residential and business areas tied together by a

beltway or ring road.

• The idea here is that the peripheral areas do not suffer the

problems of inner cities – the poor, deterioration, crime,

congestion BUT the periphery will suffer from the problems

of urban sprawl and segregation (being disconnected from

the rest of the city)

16

Latin American

Model – 1980 –

Griffin and

Ford

In many Latin American

cities, the wealthy live in

the inner city and in a

sector extending along

a commercial spine.