introduction to fungi: evolution, characteristics and life … l… · ppt file · web view ·...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fungal Diversity
BIOL 1407
![Page 2: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Fungal Classification
• Traditionally based on:– Sexual spore-
producing structures
– Hyphal characteristics
• Molecular evidence
![Page 4: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Deuteromycota ≠ Clade
• Imperfect Fungi• In past, could not
classify• No sexual structures
produced• Molecular data
should do away with this informal group
![Page 5: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Chytridiomycota
• Chytrids• Basal group• Unicellular to
simple mycelium-forming
• Photo Credit of distinctive two-part rhizoid system of Cladochytrium, 2001, D. J. Patterson and Mark Farmer @ tolweb.org/Chytridiomycota/20517
![Page 7: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Chytrids
• Flagellated spores• Mostly aquatic• Only modern fungal
group with flagella
![Page 8: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Zygomycota
• Coenocytic hyphae• Ex: Rhizopus,
Pilobolus, Arthrobotrys
• Video Clip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KoKDCwJOJQ&feature=related
• Another view for fun: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrKJAojmB1Y
![Page 10: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Zygomycota
• “Zygote Fungi”• Sexual spore-
producing structure: Zygosporangium
![Page 11: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Zygomycota
• In zygosporangium:– Heterokaryon– Karyogamy– Diploid zygote– Meiosis
![Page 12: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Zygomycota
• Asexual spore-producing structure: Sporangium
![Page 13: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Glomerulomycota
• Endomycorrhizae• Arbuscules within
plant root cells
![Page 16: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ascomycota
• Septate hyphae with pores
• Examples: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Neurospora, Saccharomyces
![Page 18: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ascomycota
• Sexual spore-producing structure: Ascocarp
• Ascocarp is only dikaryotic structure
• “Sac Fungi”
![Page 19: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Ascomycota
• Ascus– Karyogamy– Diploid
zygote– Meiosis
• Eight ascospores
![Page 20: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ascomycota
• Asexual spore-producing structure: Conidia
![Page 21: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Morels
![Page 23: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Truffles
![Page 24: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Cup Fungi
Pixie Cups, Geopyxis carbonaria Photo Credit: Courtesy of Dr. Tom Volk, http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/jun2005.html
![Page 25: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Basidiomycota
• Septate hyphae with capped pores
• Long-lived dikaryotic mycelium
• Examples: Mushroom, rusts, smuts
![Page 27: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Basidiomycota
• Sexual spore-producing structure: Basidiocarp
• Photo Credit: Betsy Maxim, 2008
![Page 28: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Basidiomycota
• Basidia “Club Fungi”• Basidiospores
![Page 29: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Basidiomycota
• Basidia– Karyogamy– Diploid Zygote– Meiosis
• Four basidiospores
![Page 30: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Basidiomycota
• Asexual spore-producing structure: Rare
• Only a few produce conidia
• Most rely exclusively on basidiocarps
• Photo Credit: Ernst Haeckel, Plate 63, from Kunstformen der Natur (1904), Wikimedia Commons
![Page 31: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Puffballs and Earth Stars
![Page 33: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Shelf Fungus
![Page 34: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Jelly Fungus
![Page 35: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Maiden Veil Fungus
![Page 36: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Question?
![Page 37: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Question?
Photo Credit: Courtesy of Dr. Tom Volk, http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/sept98.html
![Page 38: Introduction to Fungi: Evolution, Characteristics and Life … L… · PPT file · Web view · 2009-09-20Fungal Diversity BIOL 1407 Fungal Classification Traditionally based on:](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022050804/5acde3367f8b9ab10a8e28f5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The End
Unless otherwise specified, all images in this presentation came from:Campbell, et al. 2008. Biology, 8th ed. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.