introduction to flight - fall river public schools tech i...introduction to flight aerospace...
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction to Flight
Aerospace Technology I
Facilitator-Mr. Lee
Adapted from- Aerospace: The Journey of Flight
Objectives • Identify Chinese contribution to flight.
• Recognize the various legends of flight.
• Identify the three basic problems of flight .
• Identify the significant contributions of individual scientist:
o John Montgomery
o Otto Lilienthal
o Octave Chanute
o W.S. Henson & John Stringfellow
o Samuel Pierpont Langley
o Orville & Wilbur Wright
Legends About Flight • Chinese:
o Legend that 4,000 years ago, Emperor Shun escaped from prison by “donning the work clothes of a bird”
o Invented the kite (100 BC)
1,700 century used man-carrying kites to watch enemy troops
o Wan Hoo
Legend that he used a wicker chair with 47 large rockets to blastoff to the moon
Legends About Flight… o Icarus and Daedalus:
Escaped from prison
Wings made of feathers and wax
Flew too close to the sun
Early and Basic Scientific Research
• Leonardo da Vinci- Italian artist, architect and man of science
o Devoted life to mysteries of flying
o Gave world descriptions and pictures of flying machines
o Died in 1519, but his manuscripts were not found and published until 300 years later
Early and Basic Scientific Research…
• In 1783, Montgolfier brothers demonstrated a hot-air balloon
o They worked with oxygen
o They thought a new gas was being created by burning fuel, so they called it Montgolfier gas
o First two men to fly in a lighter-than-air craft were Pilatre de Rozier & Marquis d’ Arlandes
They were the first Aeronauts (balloonist)
o First flight lasted 25 minutes and covered 5 miles Montgolfier reenactment
Early and Basic Scientific Research…
• Between 1783 and 1790, balloons became very popular in Europe
o In 1785, French balloonist, Jean Pierre Blanchard and his American passenger, Dr. John Jeffries, flew across the English Channel
o In 1793, the first American balloon flight occurred in Philadelphia. President George Washington and thousands watched
Early and Basic Scientific Research…
• Balloons were used by the US military during the Civil War for observing troops
• In 1900, Ferdinand von Zeppelin built and flew the world’s first successful rigid dirigible ("lighter-than-air aircraft“)
Hindenburg Disaster Footage
Developing the Airplane • Three basic problems of flight:
o First they had to develop the lift necessary to get into the air.
o Second they had to figure a way to sustain that lift.
o Third they had to develop a way to control the aircraft once it was flying.
1866 a Polish peasant, sculptor and carpenter by the name of Jan Wnęk built and flew a controllable glider.
George Cayley • Identified the forces of:
o Lift- the force that directly opposes the weight of an airplane and holds the airplane in the air.
o Drag- aerodynamic force that opposes an aircraft's motion through the air.
o Thrust- the force which moves an aircraft through the air.
• In 1850, he built the first successful full-sized, manned glider (an aircraft whose free flight does not depend on an engine).
John Montgomery • Starting in 1886 he built many gliders based
on bird wings (like sea gulls)
• 1905 his glider stayed aloft for 20 minutes
o Had a balloon left his glider up to about 4,000 feet
o He was able to make sharp dives & turns at speeds up to 68 mph
o Most of his work was destroyed in the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake
1911 Evergreen_ glider
Otto Lilienthal • Father of Modern Aviation
• Between 1891-1896 he built single-winged & two-winged gliders
o At first, he would run down hill to get the speed he needed to fly
• Many flights went over 700 feet
Otto Lilienthal… • In 1891 he put engines on the wingtips
o Built a pilot control system
The pilot’s head worked the controls
Headband with rope attached to the tail
o Day before he was going to fly his powered aircraft he died in a glider crash
• Book he wrote created interest around the world
Octave Chanute • Read Lilienthal’s work and improved them
• Designed gliders
• Mostly known for his study of aviation
W.S. Henson & John Stringfellow
• 1843 received a patent for a man-carrying powered aircraft (The Ariel)
o 150 foot wingspan
• Was never built, but was considered a masterpiece of engineering
• 1848 Stringfellow built a steam-driven model that did fly
Samuel Pierpont Langley • Attempted to add power to a glider
o 1886, he built & flew a steam powered glider that went ¾ of a mile
• 1903 tried to launch an aircraft called the Aerodrome using a catapult from a barge on the Potomac River
• Didn’t work, government gave up its support, so he gave up
Orville & Wilbur Wright • First to achieve controlled, sustained &
powered flight
• Developed wing-warping technique
• Started with gliders
o By 1902 had made over 1,000 successful glider flights
o Solved all major control problems
Orville & Wilbur Wright… • December 17, 1903, Kitty Hawk, North
Carolina
o The Flyer flew for 12 seconds & 120 feet
o Later the same day had a flight that lasted 59 seconds & 852 feet
Orville & Wilbur Wright
Review • Identify Chinese contribution to flight.
• Recognize the various legends of flight.
• Identify the three basic problems of flight .
• Identify the significant contributions of individual scientist:
o John Montgomery
o Otto Lilienthal
o Octave Chanute
o W.S. Henson & John Stringfellow
o Samuel Pierpont Langley
o Orville & Wilbur Wright
Learn Long Live Long