introduction to filter (1).ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to theBioSand Filter
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Introduction to BioSand Filter
• Water Cycle
• Global and Local
Water Issues
• HHWT• BSF’s Purpose
• What’s it made of
• How it works
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4“ Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 Report”
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Forecast
Experts predict that by
2025, 1/3 of the world
population will not havewater due to the
increase in population
and water
contamination.
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Philippines Water Situation
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• WATER USED
• (million cubic
meters per day)• Agriculture 402
(76%)
• Industrial 83 (16%)
• Domestic 22 (8%)
• TOTAL 507
• WATER
AVAILABLE
• Surface Water 883 million meters3/day
• Ground Water 142 million meters3/day
• TOTAL 1025
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12 Million People In the
Philippines have no access toSafe Water
• DISCUSSION – What Water Issues are there in your
community.
• Quantity
• Quality
– What Water Treatments are currently used
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Household Water Treatments
• Boiling (cost, time, quantity)
• SODIS (time, quantity, sunlight, containers)
• Chlorination (cost, taste, availability)
• Ceramic Filter (cost, quantity, safety)
• Sedimentation (time, effectiveness)
• Other Filters (replacement of filtering media,
costs, durability, quantity, maintenance)
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Bio-Sand Filters Purpose
• Filters out very small suspended particles.
– This includes micro-organisms that make us sick
• Bacteria 90 to 100%
• Virus 90 to 100%• Protozoa 95 to 100%
• Helmiths 100%
• Lowers contamination level to where the body can tolerate
– Removes Iron 67% to 95%
– Adaptation can remove Arsenic 85% to 95%
– Removes other suspended particles, sand mud,
leaves etc, ie. Muddy water becomes clear
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Bio-Sand Filters Purpose
• Does not remove: – Dissolved solids such as salt from sea-water
– All organic chemicals
• Designed for Household use. Up to 200 liters per day,sufficient for family to use for drinking, food preparationand bathing.
• For communal systems the alternative is to design largeslow sand filters or more complex rapid sand filters.
• Including labor and overhead a livelihood organizationcan produce these filters at about 1000p to 1500P each.
• Once installed there are no ongoing costs. Sand isnever replaced or changed. Minimal maintenance workrequire. Just has to be used once a day.
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What’s it made of?
ConcreteExterior
Wooden Lid
Tubing
Sand Bed
Large Gravel
Fine Gravel
Diffusion Plate
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What’s it made of?
ConcreteExterior
Wooden Lid
Tubing
Sand Bed
Large Gravel
Fine Gravel
Diffusion Plate
Vital Statistics
•Maximum Flow Rate
•1 liter per minute
•2” Large Gravel
•(approx 3 liters)
•2” Fine Gravel
•(approx 3 liters)
•Standing Water level
•2” above sand
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How does it work?
4 Processes of Filtration
1. Mechanical
Trapping
2. Adsorpt ion
3.Predation
4. Natural Die Off
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How does it happen?
1. Water is poured into thetop of the Filter.
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How does it happen?
2. The Diffusion Plate slows theforce of the water.
Diffusion Plate
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How does it happen?
3. Water then travels slowly intothe biological layer at the top
of the sand.
Biological
Layer
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How does it happen?
4. Water continues slowly throughthe sand bed.
Sand Bed
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How does it happen?
5. After passing through bothlevels of gravel, the water is
propelled up and out.
Large Gravel
Fine Gravel
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Kevin Lee
Execut ive Directo r
0926.648.6420
Gemma Bulos
Founder
0920.840.0945
WEBSITE
www.asingledrop.org