Introduction to EE, EnMS and EA

Gyanendra P. Upadhyay, LLTE-Energy Efficiency

DCCI Training December 2013

Energy: Definition

Energy is the capacity of a physical system to perform work

Units of Energy:Joule CaloriekWh

Various forms of energy

• Potential energy– Chemical – Nuclear – Mechanical stored energy– Gravitational

• Kinetic– Radiant – Thermal – Motion – Sound – Electrical

Primary and Secondary Energy

Petrochemical

Open or deep mines

Grading

Power station

purification

EnrichmentMining

TreatmentGas well

Cracking and refining

Oil well

LPGPetrol

Diesel/fuel oils

Coal Coal

Coke

ElectricityNuclear

Natural gas

Petroleum

Hydro

Natural gas

Source Extraction Primary energy Secondary Energy

Major primary and secondary sources

Processing

Steam

Steam

Commercial and Non-commercial Energy

• Commercial energy is energy available at price– Examples are electricity, coal, lignite,

oil, and natural gas• Non-commercial energy is energy

not available in market for a price– Examples are firewood, cattle dung

and agricultural wastes, solar energy, animal power, wind energy

Renewable & Non-renewable Energy

Oil burns to generate heat -->

Heat boils water -->

Water turns to steam -->

Steam pressure turns a turbine -->

Turbine turns an electric generator -->

Generator produces electricity -->

Electricity powers light bulbs -->

Light bulbs give off light and heat

Energy Conversion

Types of Energy/Energy Source Used in Nepalese Industries

• Electricity• Hydropower Plant• Diesel generating Plant• Co-generation Plant

• Thermal• Bio-mass• Coal• Fuel Oil

What is Energy Efficiency ?

Something is more energy efficient if it delivers more services/output for the same energy input, or the same services/output for less energy input.

Energy efficiency is "using less energy to provide the same service/output".

Improving energy efficiency can make a real difference. It saves money, reduces carbon emissions and decreases your country's dependence on foreign energy supplies... all at the same time!

Definition of Energy Management

“The strategy of adjusting and optimizing energy using systems and procedures so as to reduce energy requirements per unit of output while holding constant or reducing total costs of producing the output from these systems”

“The judicious and effective use of energy to maximize profits (minimize costs) and enhance competitive positions”

Objectives of Energy Management

• To achieve and maintain optimum energy procurement and utilization, through out the organization

• To minimize energy costs / waste without affecting production & quality

• To minimize environmental effects.       

Definition of Energy Audit

• the verification, monitoring and analysis of use of energy including submission of technical report containing recommendations for improving energy efficiency with cost benefit analysis and an action plan to reduce energy consumption

Need for Energy Audit

• Three top operating expenses are energy (both electrical and thermal), labour and materials.

• Energy would emerge as a top ranker for cost reduction

• primary objective of Energy Audit is to determine ways to reduce energy consumption per unit of product output or to lower operating costs

• Energy Audit provides a “ bench-mark” (Reference point) for managing energy in the organization

Types of Energy Audit

• Preliminary energy audit• Targeted Energy Audit• Detailed energy audit

• Type of energy audit chosen depends on– Function and type of industry– Depth to which final audit is needed– Potential and magnitude of cost reduction

desired

Preliminary Energy Audit Methodology

•Preliminary energy audit uses existing, or easily obtained data

Establish energy consumption in the organization•Estimate the scope for saving•Identify the most likely areas for attention•Identify immediate ( no-/low-cost) improvements•Set a ‘reference point’ Identify areas for more detailed study/measurement

Detailed Energy Audit

• Evaluates all energy using systems, equipment and includes detailed energy savings and costs

• Carried out in 3 phases– Pre-audit Phase– Audit Phase – Post-Audit

Ten Step Methodology of Detailed Audit

Step No

PLAN OF ACTION PURPOSE / RESULTS

Step 1 Step 2

Phase I –Pre Audit Phase Plan and organise Walk through Audit Informal Interview with

Energy Manager, Production / Plant Manager

Conduct of brief meeting /

awareness programme with all divisional heads and persons concerned (2-3 hrs.)

Resource planning, Establish/organize a

Energy audit team Organize Instruments & time frame Macro Data collection (suitable to type of

industry.) Familiarization of process/plant activities First hand observation & Assessment of

current level operation and practices

Building up cooperation Issue questionnaire for each department Orientation, awareness creation

Step 3 Step 4

Phase II –Audit Phase Primary data gathering,

Process Flow Diagram, & Energy Utility Diagram

Conduct survey and

monitoring

Historic data analysis, Baseline data

collection Prepare process flow charts All service utilities system diagram

(Example: Single line power distribution diagram, water, compressed air & steam distribution.

Design, operating data and schedule of operation

Annual Energy Bill and energy consumption pattern (Refer manual, log sheet, name plate, interview)

Measurements :

Motor survey, Insulation, and Lighting survey with portable instruments for collection of more and accurate data. Confirm and compare operating data with design data.

Step 5 Step6 Step 7

Step 8 Step9

Conduct of detailed trials

/experiments for selected energy guzzlers

Analysis of energy use Identification and

development of Energy Conservation (ENCON) opportunities

Cost benefit analysis Reporting & Presentation to

the Top Management

Trials/Experiments:

- 24 hours power monitoring (MD, PF, kWh etc.).

- Load variations trends in pumps, fan compressors etc. - Boiler/Efficiency trials for (4 – 8

hours) - Furnace Efficiency trials

Equipments Performance experiments etc

Energy and Material balance & energy

loss/waste analysis Identification & Consolidation ENCON

measures Conceive, develop, and refine ideas Review the previous ideas suggested by unit

personal Review the previous ideas suggested by

energy audit if any Use brainstorming and value analysis

techniques Contact vendors for new/efficient

technology Assess technical feasibility, economic

viability and prioritization of ENCON options for implementation

Select the most promising projects Prioritise by low, medium, long term

measures

Documentation, Report Presentation to the top Management.

Step10

Phase III –Post Audit phase Implementation and Follow-

up

Assist and Implement ENCON recommendation measures and Monitor the performance

Action plan, Schedule for implementation

Follow-up and periodic review

Energy Conservations Vs Energy Efficiency

Incandescent Lamp60 W

Compact fluorescent Lamp15 W

Energy Efficient Equipment uses less energy for same output and reduces CO2 emissions

CO2 Emission – 65 g/hr CO2 Emission – 16 g/hr

Figure 1.14

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What is an Energy Management System? Definition

Set of interrelated or interacting elements of an organization to establish energy policy and objectives and to achieve those objectives. Overall aim: improve energy performance

Energy Management

System

=

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Energy Management Standard ISO 50001

ISO 50001• International Standard• Since June 2011• International Energy Management Standard• Specifies requirements for establishing, implementing,

maintaining and improving an Energy Management System• It does not prescribe specific performance criteria

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Structure of ISO 50001Energy Policy

Planning

Implementation & Operation

Checking

Corrective and preventive action

Monitoring and measurement

Management review

Internal audit

Continual Improvement

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ISO 50001 ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMMANAGEMENT

PLAN• Policy/Objectives/ Targets (4.3, 4.4.6)• Resources (4.2.1)DO• Training (4.5.2)• Communication (4.5.4)• Documentation (4.5.4)• Operational Control (4.5.5)CHECK• Internal Audit (4.6.3)• Corrective / Preventive action (4.6.4)ACT• Management review (4.7)

Management SystemFor Energy

TECHNICAL

PLAN• Energy Review (4.4.3)• Energy baseline (4.4.4)• Energy Performance Indicators (4.4.5)

DO• Design (4.5.6)• Energy Purchasing (4.5.7)

CHECK• Monitoring (4.6.1)• Measurement (4.6.1)• Verifying action plans results (4.4.6)

ACT• Energy Performance and EnPls Review (4.7.2)

ACT PLAN

CHECK DO

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Cycle of Energy Policy

Opportunity for

improvement

Legal and best

practice obligati

on

Understand

Energy Aspects

Energy Policy

Set out

Review

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Energy Planning ProcessPlanning Inputs Energy Review Planning Outputs

A. ANALYSEENERGY USE ANDCONSUMPTION

B. IDENTIFY AREASOF SIGNIFICANTENERGY USE ANDCONSUMPTION

C. IDENTIFY OPPORTUNITIES FORIMPROVING ENERGYPERFORMANCE

• ENERGY BASELINE

• EnPI( s)

• OBJECTIVE S

• TARGETS

• PERSONAL

• ACTION PLANS

Past and present energy uses

Relevant variablesaffecting significantenergy use• Performance

Legal requirements and other requirements

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General steps to certification

Initiate contact to certifier

Meet assessment

team

Advisory services

(training if required)

Preliminary review

Onsite Assessment

Certification & beyond

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Benefits of implementing EnMSImproves efficiency and productivity by reducing

energy variation, inefficiency & energy losses

Reduces energy cost / increases profitability

Reduces GHG/carbon footprint/protect environment

Improves employee motivation and involvement

Secures energy supply

Helps to confirm to new & stricter legislation

Increasing focus on corporate responsibility – improves reputation at clients

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Compatibility of ISO 50001 with other standards

ISO 9001 OHSAS 18001

ISO 14001 ISO 50001

Quality

Environment

Occupational Health & safety

Energy

Energy Auditor: Skill Requirement

• Reading Comprehension• Active Listening• Writing• Speaking• Critical thinking• Judgment and decision

making• Mathematics

• Monitoring• System analysis• Problem solving• Time Management• Coordination• Persuasion• Science• System evaluation

Data Collection format (General)

• Name of Business• Type of Business• Location• Address and Contact Person• Products• Production Capacity• ?• ?• ?

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Data Collection formatSN Year 01 Year 02 Year 03Production:Product 1Product 2…………Product nRaw material:RM 1RM 2…….RM nElectricity, kWhFuel:Fuel 1Fuel 2…………….Fuel n

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Data Collection formatMonth Energy in units (kWh) Total

EnergyDemand in kVA Total

Demand

T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3

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Data Collection formatS. N. Equipment

Reference

kW kVA P.F. kVAR Remarks

Thank You