ELECTRICAL ENGINEER VIKAS KUMAR PATHAK

CONTACT NO:- 09467871809, 0889617157

EMAIL ID :- KUMARVIKASM786@GMAIL.COM (OFFICIAL) ,

VVVJOHNTIGER@GMAIL.COM ( FACEBOOK)

INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY AUDIT

AUDIT

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It is an evaluation of a person, organization,

system process, enterprise, project or product.

It includes quality management , water

management, and energy conservation.

AUDITING

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It is defined as a systematic and independent

examination of data statements , records ,

operations, and performance of an enterprise

for a purpose.

ENERGY AUDITS

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Energy audits can be defined as the first steps

towards understanding how energy is being used

in given facility . Energy audit is a systematic study or survey

to identify how energy is being used in a building or plant, and

identifies energy savings opportunities.

Energy audits do not provide the final answer

to problems . But it is helpful to identify the

improvement.

In India 48% of the total commercial energy

consumption.

STAGES OF ENERGY AUDITS

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NEED OF ENERGY AUDITS

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Minimizing energy wastage.

Optimizing energy efficiency with suitable

technology.

Using the most appropriate energy resources (for

examples electricity , fossil fuels, and renewable),

with due to regards to environmental benefits.

Buying energy at most economical price.

NEED OF ENERGY AUDITS

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Modifying operations , whenever feasible, to

make the use of energy price structures.

Involvement , training , and raising awareness of

staff.

Continuous monitoring to ensure that energy use

remains within predetermined limits.

ENERGY AUDITOR

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Energy auditor who will be allowed to conduct the

mandatory audit under the energy conservation

act 2001.

Responsibilities and duties of accredited energy

auditor are highlighted below:-

Carryout a detailed energy audit.

Quantify energy consumption and establish base

line energy information.

ENERGY AUDITOR

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Construct energy and material balance.

Perform efficiency evaluation of energy & utility

system.

Compare energy norms with existing energy

consumption level.

Identify and prioritizations of energy saving

norms.

Analyse technical and financial feasibility of

energy saving measures.

ENERGY AUDITOR

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Recommend energy efficient technologies and

alternate energy sources.

Report writing , presentation and follow up the

implementation.

ENERGY MANAGERS

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Certified energy manager is a professional

certification issued by the association of energy

engineer.

Professional becomes eligible for this certification

after demonstrating expertise in several areas

ranging from standard, air quality energy audits,

lighting , procurement and even financing.

WORKING AREA OF ENERGY

MANAGERS

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Codes and standards and indoor air quality.

Energy accounting and economics.

Energy audits and instrumentation.

Alternative finance

Boiler and steam systems.

Building automation and control system.

Building envelope.

C HP Systems and renewable energy.

WORKING AREA OF ENERGY

MANAGERS

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Electrical system.

Energy procurement.

Green building, LEED and Energy star.

HVAC system.

Industrial system.

Maintain and commissioning.

Motor and drives.

Thermal energy storage systems.

Lighting systems.

ENERGY AUDITING FOR

INDUSTRIES

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The following sectors have been identified as energy intensive industries, and other establishments as designated consumers.

Aluminium

Fertilizers

Iron and steel

Cement

Pulp and paper

Chlor-alkali

Sugar

Textile

Chemicals

Railways

Port trust

Transport sectors ( industries and services)

Petrochemicals, gas crackers, naphtha crackers and petroleum refineries

Thermal power generation , hydro power generation , and electricity transmission distribution

Commercial buildings and establishment s

ENERGY AUDITING FOR

INDUSTRIES

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Among the above industries , the units having a

connected load of 5 MW (mega watts) and above

or an energy consumption of about 30,000 tonnes

of oil equivalent per year, would be notified.

For commercial building , these values are a

connected load of 500 KW (kilo watts) or contract

demand of 600 kVA (kilovolt ampere) and above.

These industrial units would have to get energy

audits conducted by accredited auditors , and

implement the recommendations, , which are

techno- economically viable.

Benefits of energy audit for energy

savings potentials in industries:-

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INDUSTRY Saving Potential %

Iron and Steel 10

Fertilizer 15

Textile 25

Cement 15

Paper 25

Aluminum 10

Sugar,

Petrochemicals

Refineries

20

15

10

Potential for Energy Conservation –

Commercial Sector:-

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End-Use

Saving estimate %

Lighting Up to 50

Cooling Up to 50

Ventilation 50

Heating 15 - 40

Refrigeration 15 - 40

Water Heating 40 - 60

Miscellaneous 10 - 30

Potential for Energy Conservation –

Residential Sector:-

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End Use Saving estimate %

Lighting 20 - 50

Cooling / Ventilation 15 -50

Refrigeration 15 - 40

Water heating equipment 20 -70

Miscellaneous Equipment 10

Areas covered under Electrical audit

are:-

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Electrical System :

• Electrical Distribution system (substation & feeders study)

• PF Improvement study

• Capacitor performance

• Transformer optimization

• Cable sizing & loss reduction

• Motor loading survey

• Lighting system

• Electrical heating & melting furnaces

• Electric ovens

Areas covered under Mechanical

audit are :-

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Mechanical System : -

• Fans & Blowers

• Exhaust & ventilation System

• Pumps and pumping System

• Compressed air System

• Air Conditioning & Refrigeration System

• Cooling Tower System

Areas covered under Thermal energy

audit are :-

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Thermal energy system :-

• Steam Generation Boilers • Steam Audit and Conversation • Steam Trap Survey • Condensate Recovery System • Insulation Survey • Energy and Material Balance for Unit

operation • Heat Exchanger • Waste Heat Recovery System

Focus of Govt. Of india through energy audit on

energy conservation and energy efficient

technologies and products :-

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BEE (Bureau of energy efficiency ) has done

tremendous work in creating awareness on

energy conservation , establishing case studies

for different industries , promoting innovative

financing mechanisms for energy efficiency

projects , energy labelling , accrediting

organizations for energy audits , and conducting

examinations for accrediting the energy auditors

and energy managers.

Focus of Govt. Of india through energy audit on energy

conservation and energy efficient technologies and

products :-

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CPRI (central power research institute) has been

carrying out energy audit & energy conservation

studies since 1988 and have completed energy

audit in:-

75 power stations

70 energy intensive industries

60 majors buildings

10 ports

Focus of Govt. Of india through energy audit on energy

conservation and energy efficient technologies and products

:-

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The govt. Efforts for energy conservation are also

supplemented by the NPC ( national productivity

council), NGOs like TERI ( the energy resources

institute), and industries associations such as

ASSOCHAM , CII , FICCI and PHDCCI.

TYPES OF ENERGY AUDIT

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Energy audit can be categorized into two types,

namely walk-through or preliminary and detail audit.

Walk-through or preliminary audit

Detailed Energy audit

Walk-through or preliminary audit

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Walk-through or preliminary audit comprises one day or half-day

visit to a plant and the output is a simple report based on

observation and historical data provided during the visit. The

findings will be a general comment based on rule-of-thumbs,

energy best practices or the manufacturer's data.

This audit can be divided into three steps :-

Step1 :- identifies the quantity and cost of various

energy forms used in the plant .

Step 2:-identifies energy consumption at the

department /process level.

Step3 :- relates energy inputs to production (

output),there by highlighting energy wastage in

major equipment /processes.

Detail energy audit or general energy

audit

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Detail audit is carried out for the energy savings proposal

recommended in walk-through or preliminary audit. It will

provide technical solution options and economic analysis

for the factory management to decide project

implementation or priority. A feasibility study will be

required to determine the viability of each option.

Under this audit are focused on energy saving ,

energy balance of major energy consuming

equipment, replacement proposals. The duration

of this audit for study a project / plant lies

between 3 months to a year.

Energy Services Companies

(ESCOS)

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Energy services companies (ESCOs) are single point providersof energy solutions to the industry.

ESCOs are to carry out energy audits, identify the feasibleoptions for saving energy, arrange finance and implement energyefficiency projects.

This would help understand energy needs of industrial clientsand come up with solutions that can be implemented without theclients incurring production losses. Therefore ESCOs allowclients to minimize financial risks associated with energyefficiency projects.

However, the growth of ESCOs has not taken off in India,primarily because industries are wary of fly-by-night operatorswho are only keen to maximize their profits without sufficientdedication to services they would provide.

While for ESCOs problems of establishing baselines would makerisks associated with energy efficiency projects high.

Internal audit

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Internal auditing is an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization's operations.

It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control, and governance processes.

Internal auditors work for government agencies (federal, state and local); for publicly traded companies; and for non-profit companies across all industries. Internal auditing departments are led by a Chief Audit Executive ("CAE") who generally reports to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

External (Statutory) Audit

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o All companies registered in India are required to

get their Financial Statements audited by

Chartered Accountants under the Indian

Companies Act.

o These audits are undertaken in accordance with

the Indian Accounting Standards and guidelines

issued from time to time by the Institute of

Chartered Accountants of India.

o Additionally, Companies which have a turnover

over a specified amount are also required to have

their records audited by Chartered Accountants

under the Indian Income Tax Act.

External vs. Internal Auditing

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External auditing is often called independent auditing because it is done by certified public accountants who are independent of the organization being audited.

External auditors represent the interests of third-party stakeholders in the organization, such as stockholders, creditors, and government agencies.

Because the focus of external audit is on financial statements, this type of audit is called financial audit

Institute of Internal Auditors defines internal

auditing as an independent appraisal function

established within an organization to examine

and evaluate its activities

External vs. Internal Auditing

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Internal auditors perform a wide range of activities on behalf of the organization, including conducting financial audits, examining an operation’s compliance with organizational policies, reviewing the organization’s compliance with legal obligations, evaluating operational efficiency, detecting and pursuing fraud within the firm, and conducting IT audits.

While external auditors represent outsiders, internal auditors represent the interests of the organization.

Internal auditors often cooperate with and assist external auditors in performing financial audits.

This is done to achieve audit efficiency and reduce audit fees. For example, a team of internal auditors can perform tests of computer controls under the supervision of a single external auditor.

Information Technology (IT) Audit

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Focus on the computer-based aspects of an

organization’s information system

This includes assessing the proper

implementation, operation, and control of

computer resources

Investment grade energy audit (IGEA

)

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It is a process of accounting & analyzing the present energy consumption to identify potential energy saving possibilities through implementation and adoption of specific energy efficient methods, measures and technologies.

Objective of IGEA :- The main objective of the investment grade energy audit is to review the present energy consumption scenario, monitoring and analysis of use of energy and explore the energy consumption options in various load centres of the building including submission of a detailed project report containing recommendations for improving energy efficiency with cost benefit analysis . Under a BEE funded project IGEA of 26 selected government office buildings and establishments have been conducted in last 2 years.

Industrial energy audit

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Industrial energy audit have exploded as the

demand to lower increasingly expensive energy

costs and moves towards a sustainable future

have made energy audits greatly improvement .

Area under the industrial energy audit :-

Comprehensive audits of all sectors of industries:-

Energy (electrical & thermal)

Water

Electrical safety

Capacity building

Benefits of industrial energy audit

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Energy savings

Avoiding power factor penalties and

environmental compliance cost

Quality improvement

Productivity improvement

Reduced maintains

Fewer breakdown

Better safety and protection

A process for repeatable improvement

Utility (services) energy audit

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Industry research indicates that 6-10 % of utility bills

have errors that can amount of millions of dollors in

unnecessary expenses. Companies are challenged to

avoid these costly billing mistakes across facilities

serviced by various utility companies , identifying and

corresponding errors can yield immediate savings.

Benefits of bill auditing services:-

Comprehensive analysis that establishes bare lines

and identifies overbillings.

On going monitoring of billing to avoid costly errors.

Communication with client on a regular basis ,

outlining progress to update and up coming activities.

ISO standards for energy audit

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Iso 9001 : 2008 – quality management system

Iso 14001 :2004 – environmental management

systems

OHSAS 18001 – Occupational health and safety

management systems

Iso 22000 – food safety

Iso TS/16949 :2002 – quality management

system for design and development , production.

Iso 50001 – energy management

Iso 50001 :2011 – energy management system

Commercial Energy Audit

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The term energy audit appears to refer to two distinct things: An energy audit is the process of having a professional energy auditor assess your building for energy savings opportunities.

. The term energy audit also is used to refer to the result of the energy assessment process, the energy audit report. We will try to keep these terms separate by referring to the report as an “energy audit report.”

A commercial energy audit is a comprehensive building analysis performed by a professional architecture or engineering firm. The firm audits the entire building to determine machines that use energy (like lighting, boilers, AC units, water heaters, etc.) and any installed measures working to conserve it (like the insulation, air sealing, and windows). The audit usually takes between 2-4 weeks to complete

HOME OR RESIDENTIAL ENERGY

AUDIT

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A home energy audit (or survey) evaluates an existing home to determine where and how energy is being lost, what systems are operating inefficiently and what cost-effective improvements can be implemented to enhance occupant comfort, make the home more durable and lower utility costs

Area includes under residential energy audit :-

Building envelope features (windows, doors, insulation, ducts) and ages

Heating, cooling and ventilation equipment types, characteristics and ages

Appliance and lighting characteristics

Comfort complaints

Visible moisture issues

Visible health and safety issues

Keep smiling

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Thank you for your great support

Dreams never die ,always alive yourself to complete them.