introduction to ecology. introduction ecology: ecology is the scientific study of interactions among...
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INTRODUCTION Ecology:
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions among organisms with each other and their environment or surroundings.
Biosphere The biosphere is the portion of the planet where
life exists, including, land, water, air, or atmosphere.
Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Bio = life Biotic factors are things that are living or were
once living Examples: ?
A = not Abiotic factors are things that were never alive Examples: ?
BIOLOGY=__________________= ________________So what makesSomething Alive?
Study of living things
BacteriaImage from: http://analyzer.depaul.edu/astrobiology/kingdoms.jpg
The science of “LIFE”
1.Made of _________
2. _____________
3. Based on a _____________________
4. _______ and ____________
5.______ & ___ ________ & _______
6. ________ to their ____________
7.As a group, __________________
CHARACTERISTICS OF ALL LIVING THINGS
cells
Reproduce
universal genetic code
Grow develop
Obtain use materials energy
Respond environment
change over time
ALL LIVING THINGS ARE: MADE OF CELLS
The _____ is the ______________.basic unit of life
http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/study_guides_bi.htm
CELL
ALL LIVING THINGSREPRODUCE
_____________________________________the___________________ from _____________________________
Seen in animals and plants
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Family image from: http://babyhearing.org/Parenet2Parent/index.asp
combines
sperm + egg = baby
genetic material
2 parents
_________________________makes a new organismusing the ________________from _________________
Seen in bacteria, plants, and some animals
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Planaria animation: http://www.t3.rim.or.jp/~hylas/planaria/title.htm
ALL LIVING THINGSREPRODUCE
genetic materialONLY 1 PARENT
All living things share a universal genetic code
Hereditary material = DNA______________________
________________ with instructions for one _________is called a ________.
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
GENEImage from: http://sbchem.sunysb.edu/msl/dna.gif
Segment of DNAPROTEIN
_____________ organisms, like a bacterium, grow by ________________.
IMAGE BY RIEDELL
ALL LIVING THINGS Grow & develop
INCREASING in SIZE
SINGLE CELLED
Multicellular organisms grow bigger by __________________ AND _____________________.
increasing cell sizeincreasing cell number
Image from: http://www.bcps.org/offices/lis/models/life/images/grow.JPG
IMAGE BY RIEDELL
ALL LIVING THINGS Grow & develop
ALL LIVING THINGSTake in Materials & Use Energy
To________________,organisms _______ a constant supply of
____________________ &
____________
This sheep uses the MOLECULES and ENERGYin the food it eats to make “more sheep”
grow and developneed
BUILDING MATERIALS
ENERGY!
http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/ansc442/Semprojs/2003/spiderlamb/eatsheep.gif
ALL LIVING THINGSTAKE IN MATERIALS & USE ENERGY
___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to ________________
Ex: _____________ use ____________to turn _________ into _________
AUTOTROPHS
http://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif
Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html
make their own food
GREEN PLANTS
sunlightphotosynthesis
glucose
ALL LIVING THINGSTAKE IN MATERIALS & USE ENERGY
______________ get their energy by___________________
Ex: ________ (including you) and _________________
HETEROTROPHS
Image from: http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif
consuming other organisms
Animalsmost bacteria
ALL LIVING THINGSRESPOND TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT
A signal to which an organism responds= ___________________
STIMULUS
Image from: http://www.travel-net.com/~andrews/images/animations/traffic.gif
ALL LIVING THINGSRESPOND TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT
A stimulus can be_________________
Ex: When there is enough water and ground is warm enough, seed germinates. Roots respond to gravity & grow downward.Leaves respond to sunlight & grow up.
EXTERNAL
Image from: http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/images/stimresp.jpg
http://www.nofretete-page.de/gemischtNeu/TN_plant_grow_w.JPG
ALL LIVING THINGSRESPOND TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT
A stimulus can be____________
Ex: When the glucose level in your bloodstream becomes low, your body responds by making you feel hungry.
http://www.israellycool.com/eat%20guy%20AFP.jpg
http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html
INTERNAL
ALL LIVING THINGS
AS A GROUP, CHANGE OVER TIME = ______________
Allows _______ of ________ in a ___________
EVOLUTION
survivalspecies
changing world
http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=63386&rendTypeId=4
CFU
1. List three things that make something “living”?
2. Where do plants get their energy from if they don’t eat?
3. A virus is made of a protein shell (not an actual cell) and a small piece of genetic material. It can evolve and change over time. It can’t reproduce by itself or with another virus. It needs a host cell. Is a virus alive? Explain.
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION Ecologists study different levels of
organization to understand relationships within the biosphere.
There are FIVE main levels of organization that ecologists study
LEVEL 1 – SPECIES Species – A group of organisms so similar to
one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring.
Example: a porcupine, daisies, and red pandas are all different species
LEVEL 2 - POPULATION Population – A group of individuals that belong
to the same species, live in the same area, and can interbreed.
Example: These giraffes are members of a population
LEVEL 3 - COMMUNITY Community – All the populations that live
together in a specific area Example: All of the living things that live in
and around this stream live in the same community
LEVEL 4 - ECOSYSTEM Ecosystem – The community PLUS the
abiotic factors in an area. Example: Grass, trees, insects, frogs, light,
soil, sunlight, water
LEVEL 5 – BIOME Biome – A large area that has a particular
climate and particular species of plants and animals that live there
Example: Tropical rainforest (shown in dark green)
CFU
For each slide, write on a half sheet of paper what stage/level of system we are looking at.
Be sure to look at the words AND pictures