CLOUD COMPUTING – AN OVERVIEW

Tushar Gandhi

Neovasolutions

Cloud Computing - Some terms

Term cloud is used as a metaphor for internet Concept generally incorporates combinations of

the following Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) Platform as a service (PaaS) Software as a service(SaaS)

Not to be confused with Grid Computing – a form of distributed computing

Cluster of loosely coupled, networked computers acting in concert to perform very large tasks

Utility Computing – packaging of computing resources such as computing power, storage, also a metered services

Autonomic computing – self managed

Grid Computing Is combination of computer resources from multiple administrative domains applied

to a common task. Is using software to divide pieces of a program among several computers, sometims

up to thousands. Used in commercial applications for drug discovery, economic forecasting, sesimic

analysis and back-office Small to big

Can be confined to a corporation Large public collaboration across many companies and networks

Compute grids Batch up jobs Submit the job to the scheduler, specifiying requirements and SLA(specs) required for running

the job Scheduler matches specs with available resources and schedules the job to be run Farms could be as large as 10K cpus

Most financial firms has grids like this Grids lack automation, agility, simplicity and SLA guarantees

Utility Computing

More related to cloud computing Applications, storage, computing power and

network Requires cloud like infrastructure Pay by the drink model

Similar to electric service at home Pay for extra resources when needed

To handle expected surge in demand Unanticipated surges in demand

Better economics

Cloud computing – History

Evolved over a period of time Roots traced back to Application Service

Providers in the 1990’s Parallels to SaaS Evolved from Utility computing and is a

broader concept

Cloud computing

Much more broader concept Encompasses

IIAS, PAAS, SAAS Dynamic provision of services/resource pools in a co-ordinated

fashion On demand computing – No waiting period Location of resource is irrelevant

May be relevant from performance(network latency) perspective, data locality

Applications run somewhere on the cloud Web applications fulfill these for end user However, for application developers and IT

Allows develop, deploy and run applications that can easily grow capacity(scalability), work fast(performance), and offer good reliability

Without concern for the nature and location of underlying infrastructure Activate, retire resources Dynamically update infrastructure elements without affecting the

business

Clouds Versus Grids

Clouds and Grids are distinct Cloud

Full private cluster is provisioned Individual user can only get a tiny fraction of the total

resource pool No support for cloud federation except through the client

interface Grid

Built so that individual users can get most, if not all of the resources in a single request

Middleware approach takes federation as a first principle Resources are exposed, often as bare metal

These differences mandate different architectures for each

Commercial clouds

Cloud Anatomy

Application Services(services on demand) Gmail, GoogleCalender Payroll, HR, CRM etc Sugarm CRM, IBM Lotus Live

Platform Services (resources on demand) Middleware, Intergation, Messaging, Information, connectivity etc AWS, IBM Virtual images, Boomi, CastIron, Google Appengine

Infrastructure as services(physical assets as services) IBM Blue house, VMWare, Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure Platform, Sun

Parascale and more

Cloud Computing - layers

Layers Architecture

What is a Cloud?

Individuals Corporations Non-Commercial

Cloud Middle WareStorage Provisioning

OSProvisioning

NetworkProvisioning

Service(apps)Provisioning

SLA(monitor), Security, Billing, Payment

Services Storage Network OS

Resources

Why cloud computing

Agility Cost effective Device and location independencies Multi-tenancy Reliability Scalability Easy to maintain

Public, Private and Hybrid clouds

Public clouds

Open for use by general public Exist beyond firewall, fully hosted and

managed by the vendor Individuals, corporations and others Amazon's Web Services and Google appEngine

are examples Offers startups and SMB’s quick setup,

scalability, flexibility and automated management. Pay as you go model helps startups to start small and go big

Security and compliance?

Private Clouds

Within the boundaries(firewall) of the organization All advantages of public cloud with one major difference

Reduce operation costs Has to be managed by the enterprise

Fine grained control over resources More secure as they are internal to org Schedule and reshuffle resources based on business

demands Ideal for apps related to tight security and regulatory

concerns Development requires hardware investments and in-

house expertise Cost could be prohibitive and cost might exceed public

clouds

Clouds for Developers

Ability to acquire, deploy, configure and host environments

Perform development unit testing, prototyping and full product testing

Microsoft and Amazon face challenges

Globus/Nimbus Client-side cloud-computing interface to Globus-enabled TeraPort cluster at U of C Based on GT4 and the Globus Virtual Workspace Service Shares upsides and downsides of Globus-based grid technologies

Enomalism (now called ECP) Start-up company distributing open source REST APIs

Reservoir European open cloud project Many layers of cloud services and tools Ambitious and wide-reaching but not yet accessible as an implementation

Eucalyptus Cloud Computing on Clusters Amazon Web Services compatible Supports kvm and Xen

Open Nebulous

Joyent Based on Java Script and Git

Cloud Infrastructure

Network operations center

Physical Infrastructure

Cloud Infrastructure ..contd

Physical Security

Cooling

Cloud Infrastructure ..contd Power infrastructure, Network

Cabling, Fire safety

Cloud articles

http://blogs.zdnet.com/Hinchcliffe/?p=488&tag=btxcsim

http://blogs.zdnet.com/Howlett/?p=558&tag=btxcsim

http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=9560&tag=btxcsim http://www.businessweek.com/technology/

content/aug2008/tc2008082_445669_page_3.htm http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/websphere/

techjournal/0904_amrhein/0904_amrhein.html http://cloudcomputing.sys-con.com/

Battle in the cloud

Amazon Web Services Google App Engine

Free upto 500 MB, Free for small scale applications? Universities?

Pay when you scale GoGrid .. Some more Hosting companies Where is HP, IBM, Oracle(+sun) and Dell?