Introduction to AudiologyChapter 1

Perry C. Hanavan, Au.D,

Audiologist

Iheardthat!

Circle of Courage

BIGM

Auditory Practice Necessary to Influence Neural Structure (Mastery)

(Dehaene, 2009): 20,000 hours of listening as basis for reading

(Gladwell, 2008): 10,000 hour rule key to success

(Hart & Risley, 1995): 30 million word gap study

(Pittman, 2008): Children with HL require 3X the exposure to learn each new word and concepts due to reduced acoustic bandwidth caused by HL

30 Million Word Gap Study(Hart & Risely 1995)

NPR: Sean Forbes: Deaf but not Quiet

32 million Americans have hearing loss.Can you identify each of the celebrities?

You Are Not Alone!

One in ten Americans has a hearing loss

OSHA

• 5-10 million Americans are at risk for NIHL exposure to sounds above 85 dBA in the workplace

• 48 million Americans engage in shooting sports, the most common cause of non-occupational NIHL

Question

How many babies are born annually in the U.S.?

A. 3 million

B. 4 million

C. 5 million

D. 6 million

E. Heaven knows?

Quick Facts

4 ________ babies born in U.S. annually– 3-5/_____ babies born with hearing loss– 1 in 1,000 U. S. newborns (or 33 babies every

day) are born profoundly deaf– 2-3 out of 1,000 babies born with partial

hearing loss, making hearing loss the number one birth defect in America.

_____ million Americans have hearing loss

_____ most chronic condition for the elderly

Hearing Identification in (U.S.)

About 95% of newborns screened for HL91% of referred infants returned for follow-up evaluation. 39% fit with HA by 6 mo.61% fit late or lost to follow-up. – Unilateral hearing loss and late

diagnosis were statistically significant (p < .0001) predictors for late fitting and loss to follow-up. 

(Spivak 2009)

Auditory Development

#1 Factor: Age at fitting of amplification (for children with congenital hearing loss) in predicting every outcome in auditory development

(Sininger, Grimes &Christensen 2010)

Hearing Loss

HEARING LOSS IN AMERICA (28 million people)

25%

5%

30%

33%

7%25% Currently Use Hearing Aids

5% Medical or Surgical Treatment Required

30% Can’t Afford Hearing Aids

33% Deny or Hide Hearing Loss

7% Unaware of Hearing Loss

White Paper on Societal Cost of Hearing Loss

AAA

Links to Prevalence of HL

The Prevalence and Incidence of Hearing Loss in Children

The Prevalence and Incidence of Hearing Loss in Adults

The estimate of the prevalence of hearing impairment by age group

What is Audiology?

Audiology is the study of _____, hearing disorders, and habilitation/rehabilitation for individuals who have _______ loss. It encompasses the study of how the _____ mechanism works; the assessment of hearing; hearing and listening disorders; and the rehabilitation of individuals who have hearing loss. – ASHA

What is an Audiologist?

__________ are professionals engaged in autonomous practice to promote healthy hearing, communication competency, and quality of life for persons of all ages through the prevention, _________, assessment, and rehabilitation of hearing, auditory function, balance, and other related systems. (ASHA)

An __________ is a professional who diagnoses, treats, and manages individuals with hearing loss or balance problems. (AAA)

Historical Development

Parents– _______– Speech language pathology/educators of the

deaf

Relatives– Pediatrics– Geriatrics– Neurology

What is an Audiologist

Clinician

Therapist

Teacher

Researcher

Consultant

Administrator

Audiology Services

Private Practice

Hospital

Medical Practice

Schools

________/College

Other

Video

Question

Where most audiologist are employed?

A.Non-residential health care

B.College/University

C.Hospital

D.Schools

E.Industry

F.Other

Place of Employment -2012

Scope of Practice

ASHA

AAA

Philosophical Issues

Jerger– Assessment and

treatment of ________

Kileny– Various roles/functions

performed

Education

Minimum Requirements– ____– Ph.D.

Continuing Education

Licensure/Registration/Certification

Current status (ASHA)

Licensure

Registration

Certification– ASHA

• _________ of Clinical Competence (CCC-A)

– AAA • American Board of _________ (ABA)

Team

Let’s Play Audiologist

Age of Client

Newborns

Preschoolers

Grade school

Middle school

High school

Post secondary

Young adults

Middle age

Old age

Age of Onset

Age of Onset and Gender

Age of Onset and Income

Hearing Loss and Impact on Household Income

Better Hearing Institute, (2005). Hearing loss and its impact on household income. The Hearing Review; 12:16-24

Normal Hearing

HearingLoss

Treated Vs. Untreated HLImpact on Household Income

Better Hearing Institute, (2005). Hearing loss and its impact on household income. The Hearing Review; 12:16-24

Etiologies

Etiologies by Onset

Etiologies in Students

Common Syndromes Associated with Hearing Loss

Name of syndrome Other features that may occur (besides hearing loss)

Alport Kidney problems

Branchio-oto-renal (BOR) Neck cysts and/or ear tags and kidney problems

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Heart problems

Pendred Thyroid enlargement or low thyroid function

Stickler Unusual facial features, cleft palate, eye problems (nearsightedness, cataracts, or retinal detachment,) arthritis, heart problems

Usher Progressive blindness

Waardenburg White patch of hair or light-colored skin patches; eyes of two different colors, or bright blue eyes, or widely spaced eyes

Quiz

How many babies are born in the US each year?

A. More than enough

B. 400000

C. 4000000

D. 300000

E. 3000000

Hearing loss is the ______ most prevalent chronic condition in the elderly

A. Second

B. Third

C. Fourth

D. Fifth

E. Not a chronic condition

Evolution of Audiology

From primarily an academic discipline into a health-care profession

From a communication disorder profession into a hearing profession

From a teacher-training model of education into a health-care model of education

From a certification model to a licensure model of defining the privilege and right to practice

(Stach, Clinical Audiology, pp. 25-33)

Which professional organization(s) represent audiologists?

A. ASD

B. ADD

C. AAA

D. ASHA

E. C and D

Professional Organizations

AAA (American Academy of Audiology)

AAS (American Auditory Society)

AG Bell Association

ARA (Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology)

ASHA (American Speech Language Hearing Association)

EAA (Education Audiology Association)

ISA (International Society of Audiology)

The current minimum degree for audiologists entering college?

A. MA

B. Au.D.

C. Ph.D.

D. MS

E. B or C

How You Can Practice the Circle of Courage

Belonging– Be courteous in communication

• Be quiet/don’t sign while others are talking – Use appropriate communication strategies– Be inclusive

________– Teach others how to use effective communication strategies so

they can be independent rather than dependent

Generosity– Use “clear speech” when speaking– Volunteer in hearing screening programs

Mastery– Teach others about clear speech– Teach others about prevention of hearing loss– Apply principles learned in class to communication– Interpret audiograms and other hearing diagnostic tests

Circle of Courage

Belonging

Independence

__________

Mastery