Introduction to ArduinoAshrant Aryal

Download and Setup

• Download the Arduino IDE and install it

• Choose the latest version for windows or mac.

• Link: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

What is the Arduino?

• Arduino is an open source platform that lets you program a microcontroller.

• Arduino IDE is used to program the Arduino.

• You can use it to read and write different digital input/output.

• Most common application is to read sensor values and do something with it

Basics of electric circuits

• Current is measured in Amperes (Amp)

• Voltage is measured in Volts

• Resistance is measured in Ohm

What are sensors?• A sensor is a device that detects and

responds to some type of input from the physical environment

• The specific input could be light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure and many more

• A sensor converts the environmental measurements into a signal that can be read using the Arduino

• In many sensors, the resistance changes based on the environment and we use the Arduino to measure potential difference (Voltage)

Code Structure

void setup() {

// put your setup code here, to run once:

}

void loop() {

// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

}

Standard Functions

• Serial.begin(baud_rate):This function begins serial communication between the microcontroller and the arduino.

• Serial.print():This function prints the value in its argument on the serial monitor of the arduino IDE.

• delay(time): This function provides delay of given time (in milliseconds) during execution of the code.

Standard Functions

• PinMode(pin_number, INPUT/OUTPUT) : This function declares a given pin to be input or output pin.

• digitalWrite(pin_number,0/1/HIGH/LOW):This function produces a digital signal of either HIGH(5V) or LOW(0V) on the given pin.

• analogWrite(pin_number, value):This function produces an analog signal varying between 0 to 5V on the given pin.

• analogRead(pin_number):This function reads the voltage on the given pin and outputs its value as an integer ranging from 0 to 1023.

• digitalRead(pin_number):This function reads the voltage on the given pin and outputs its value as either 0 or 1.

Safety tips

• Never touch the heating element of the soldering

iron.

• Hold wires to be heated with tweezers or clamps.

• Keep the cleaning sponge wet during use.

• Always return the soldering iron to its stand when

not in use.

• Never put it down on the workbench.

• Turn unit off and unplug when not in use

Blinking LED example

• Connect –ve terminal to GND

• Add resistor between +ve and 13

• Connect +ve terminal to 13

• Load the code called Blink_LED.ino

• Flat edge is –ve, long leg is +ve

Connecting to light intensity sensor

• Connect GND to GND, +5 to 5V

• Connect V0 of the sensor to A0 of Arduino

• Load the code called AmbiLight.ino

• Open serial monitor

• What happens when you cover the sensor with your hand?

• What if you use a flashlight on the sensor?

Let’s combine them together

• Can you turn the LED on when it gets dark?

How could this be used in real world?

Output devices (Actuators)

Last exercise

• Can you modify the code to give an alarm when it is too bright?

Sensors are everywhere

• Your phone has a lot of sensors. Can you name a few?

• What are they used for?

• What about wearable devices?

Sensors in Civil Engineering

• Structural Health Monitoring

• Understanding how people use spaces

• Monitoring pollution

• Monitoring indoor temperatures/lighting

• Energy consumption measurement

Useful Resources

• For purchasing sensors/ useful tutorials - www.adafruit.com

• Tutorial Series for Arduino – Jeremy Blum -https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCxzA9_kg6s&list=PLA567CE235D39FA84

• Cool Project ideas – Arduino Project Hub -https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub

• Just google – you will find plenty more