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Introduction to Architecture

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Page 1: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Introduction to Architecture

Page 2: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

“Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us.

But how can inanimate objects speak to us?

Especially if those objects are not representational?

Page 3: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 4: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 5: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 6: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 7: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 8: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Pentre Ifan Burial Chamber, 2000 BCE

Page 9: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

John Portman, Bonaventure Hotel, Los Angeles. 1976.

Page 10: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Richard Neutra, Edgar J. Kaufmann House, Palm Springs, 1946.

Page 11: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

According to Vitruvius (Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, 1st cent. BCE), in De Architectura a building must be considered in terms of three elements:

UtilitasFirmitas

Venustas

Page 12: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Utilitas need function plan

Firmitas means structure section

Venustas art beauty elevation

Page 13: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Utilitas need function plan

Page 14: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Firmitas means structure section

Page 15: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Venustasart beauty

elevation

Page 16: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Utilitas as Message:

TWA Terminal, JFK

Transamerica Bldg. SF, CA

Page 17: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Utilitas by Addition:Louis Kahn’s Richards Medical Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania

Page 18: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Utilitas by Division:

Page 19: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Urge towards symmetry:

Page 20: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Firmitas/Stucture will always be a function of:

•Advances in engineering•Availability and strength of materials•Cost available for materials•Other historical and geographical factors

“Architecture is the adaptation of form to resist force.” John Ruskin (19th c.)

Page 21: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

All structures seek a balance between tension and compression.

Traditionally there were two ways to handle this:

through trabeated structures

or through arcuated structures.

Page 22: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Trabeated Structures

Page 23: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

CANTILEVER

Milstein Hall, Cornell University (Rem Kolhaas)

Gale House, Oak Partk, IL (Frank Lloyd Wright)

Page 24: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Villa Savoye, Poissy, France. LeCorbusier.

Page 25: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

ARCUATED STRUCTURES

Colosseum, Rome.

Hagia Sophia, Instanbul

Page 26: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Venustasartbeauty elevation

Hertziana, Rome

Gugenheim Museum, Bilbao

Page 27: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

What makes architecture good?• Does it express its function in a meaningful,

interesting, and appealing way?• Does it seem to “fit” its surroundings (by

complementing or contrasting with it in an interesting and meaningful way)?

• Is its design and execution structurally sound?• Does it create a meaningful (interesting,

surprising, enjoyable, delightful, disturbing etc.) space?

• Will it endure? Has it endured?

Page 28: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Analyzing a Building:

• Space: Solids and Voids

• Scale and Proportion

• Weight & Mass

• Basic Design Elements

Page 29: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Analyzing a Building:

• Space: Solids and Voids– Symmetry– Asymmetry

Page 30: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Symmetry

Page 31: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Asymmetry

Page 32: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Analyzing a Building:

• Weight & Mass:– Materials– Massing for Weight– Relationship to Ground (high or low?)– Texture– Color– Ornamentation– Light– Acoustics– Context

Page 33: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Basic Elements

• Roof• Walls• Windows• Doorways• Orientation

Page 34: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Roof Types

Page 35: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Butterfly Roof

Page 36: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Butterfly w/Solar Panels

Page 37: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 38: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Barrel Vault Roof

Page 39: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Wall Types

Page 40: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Rusticated

Page 41: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Half-timbered

Page 42: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Clapboard

Page 43: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Board and Batten Siding

Page 44: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Wainscoting

Page 45: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Stucco Wall

Page 46: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Glass Wall

Page 47: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Window Types

Page 48: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Lancet

Page 49: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Palladian

Page 50: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Oeil-de-boeuf (ox-eye)

Page 51: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Double-hung window

Page 52: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Bay window

Page 53: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Ribbon Window

Page 54: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Casement window

Page 55: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Dormer

Page 56: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Doorways

Page 57: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Arched

Page 58: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Pedimented

Page 59: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Venetian Door

Page 60: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

French Door

Page 61: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Sliding Door

Page 62: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Orientation

Page 63: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Aesthetic

Page 64: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Cultural

Page 65: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

Ecological

Page 66: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

The Getty CenterRichard Meier

Page 67: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 68: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 69: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 70: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 71: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 72: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 73: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 74: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 75: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 76: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 77: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 78: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 79: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 80: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 81: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 82: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 83: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially
Page 84: Introduction to Architecture. “Reading” architecture requires us to allow buildings to “speak” to us. But how can inanimate objects speak to us? Especially

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