Agricultural Engineering in

INDIA

- Vipal Mansuriya- Assistant Professor

Department of Agril. Engg.,School of Engineering, RK University,

Rajkot, Gujarat.

Agricultural engineering is the engineering discipline that applies engineering, science and technology to agricultural production and processing. Agricultural engineering combines the disciplines of mechanical, civil, electrical and chemical engineering principles with a knowledge of agricultural principles.

Indian Population The total population of India according to 2011 census is 1.273 billion

(17% of world’s population). The population density is 416 per sq. km. Percentage of urban population- 27.8% Percentage of rural population- 72.2% 56.6% of working people are engaged in agricultural and allied sector. 67.84% people of rural area are cultivators and agricultural labours. Contribution of agriculture in GDP is 13.7% in 2012-13.

Per capita income for the year 2005-06 is ____________

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indiahttp://censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/area_and_population.aspx

INDIAN AGRICULTURE SNAP SHOT

Total Geographical Area (TGA)

329 M.H

Potential for Biological Production

265 M.H

Net Sown Area (NSA) 143 M.H

Net Irrigated Area 56 M.H

Area threatened by land degradation

50% of TGA

Drought-prone Area 190 M.H

Highest Arable Land - 47% of total land against

Avg. 11 % in the world

46 Soil types suited for round the year cultivation 20 Agro-climatic regions

Average Farm Land Size < 2 Hectare

62% of work force employed in agriculture

sector

Ranks first in production of Pulses, Tea, Jute &

allied Fibers

source: http://www.slideshare.net/aswath9882/farm-mechanization-in-india

India’s position in world Agriculture Rank

Total Area Seventh Irrigated Area First Population Second Economically Active population Second Total Cereals Third Wheat Second Rice Second Coarse grains Fourth Total Pulses First Oil Seeds Second Fruits and Vegetables Second Implements (Tractors) Third Milk First Live Stock (castles, Buffaloes) First

NEED FOR MECHANIZATION

Paddy Wheat

USA

7941.2

2988.6

China

47486590.1

Egypt

6448.2

10000

Aus-traliaBrazil

4365.0

2040.19000

1603.3

Russia

5143.4 2318.1

INDIA

2976.72840.8

India very low onProductivity

Opportunity for adoption of Technology

AGRIL. LABOURS

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100

50

100

150

200

250

300

60

250

30

175

Men Wages (Rs./Day)Women Wages (Rs./Day)

Shortage of agricultural labour across the country due to increase In labour

wages & Urbanization.

Farm machinery and power engg.

FARM MECHANIZATION - INDIA

1981-82

2005-06

2011-12

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

10.92

5.77

5.09

27.23

8.02

6.37

19.95

46.1

51.08

41.9

40.12

37.46

Different Power Sources in India

Agricultural Workers Draught AnimalTractor Stationary Engine

Tractors occupy nearly 90% of the Indian Agriculture Machinery Market.

90% of country has received normal or below normal rainfall in year 2014. Normal- 685.1 mmActual- 559.3 mm (81.63% of normal). (18% less)

http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/Monsoon_frame.htm

What we can do…….

Drip and Sprinkler irrigation

Soil and Water Conservation Engg.

About 1 million tons of food grain was wasted in year 2013 due to lack of storage and handling facilities.

What we can do………….

Post Harvest Technology

APMC, Unjha, Gujarat

Value addition to the food products…. Food Processing Technology

Grading, sorting and processing food items into long lasting products

*(Potato= Rs 20/kg, packed potato wafers= Rs 10/ 90g)

What we can do…… Renewable Energy and Rural Engg.

Mandavi beach, Gujarat

Summary

The climate and geographical conditions are favorable for agriculture.

AE focus at the three great challenges: ensuring an adequate and safe food supply for an

expanding world population; protecting or remediating the world’s natural

resources, including water, soil, air and energy; developing engineering systems that monitor,

replace, or intervene in the mechanisms of living organisms. AE has a unique focus on biological systems, including the environment.

What do we get!!!!

Ample opportunity of government job as we have a separate directorate of Agriculture at central as well as state level.

Increasing demand of irrigation techniques and hence increase in the private irrigation companies.

Ever growing farm machinery sector to compete with the future demands as well as latest technology.

Escalating trend of using packed and processed food to adjust with the rising standard of living.

Growth in renewable and alternative sources and also increasing market for the same.

Last but not the least…. The joy of helping and sticking to the roots.

References: Socio- Economic Review, 2007-08. National Conference on Agriculture for Rabi campaign, 14-15 September

2011,Directorate of Agriculture and Co-operation Govt. of Gujarat . http://www.slideshare.net/aswath9882/farm-mechanization-in-india http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/Monsoon_frame.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_India http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/area_and_population.aspx

?Thank You