introduction to aerospace engineering - tu delft ocwreal g geometric altitude this is the one we...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Introduction to Aerospace Engineering - TU Delft OCWreal g geometric altitude This is the one we normally use. Difference is small e.g. 63500 ft vs 63307 ft = 0,3% AE1101 Introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042918/5f5eea8969309059396b1e99/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1 Challenge the future
Introduction to Aerospace Engineering
Lecture slides
![Page 2: Introduction to Aerospace Engineering - TU Delft OCWreal g geometric altitude This is the one we normally use. Difference is small e.g. 63500 ft vs 63307 ft = 0,3% AE1101 Introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042918/5f5eea8969309059396b1e99/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
1AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering |
Intro to Aerospace EngineeringAE1101ab-3-4 The Standard Atmosphere
Prof.dr.ir. Jacco Hoekstra
![Page 3: Introduction to Aerospace Engineering - TU Delft OCWreal g geometric altitude This is the one we normally use. Difference is small e.g. 63500 ft vs 63307 ft = 0,3% AE1101 Introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042918/5f5eea8969309059396b1e99/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
2AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering |
http://natrium42.com/halo/flight2/
30 km hoogte = hoeveel %
vd atmosfeer onder je
Link to video at 30 km
(h = 30 489 m, 100 020 ft)
Tim Zaman’s(student) project
![Page 4: Introduction to Aerospace Engineering - TU Delft OCWreal g geometric altitude This is the one we normally use. Difference is small e.g. 63500 ft vs 63307 ft = 0,3% AE1101 Introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042918/5f5eea8969309059396b1e99/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
3AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering |www.hollandshoogte.nlwww.hollandshoogte.nl
![Page 5: Introduction to Aerospace Engineering - TU Delft OCWreal g geometric altitude This is the one we normally use. Difference is small e.g. 63500 ft vs 63307 ft = 0,3% AE1101 Introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042918/5f5eea8969309059396b1e99/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
4AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering |
Joe Kittinger: jump from 100,000 ft“Jump from space” ?
![Page 6: Introduction to Aerospace Engineering - TU Delft OCWreal g geometric altitude This is the one we normally use. Difference is small e.g. 63500 ft vs 63307 ft = 0,3% AE1101 Introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042918/5f5eea8969309059396b1e99/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
5AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering |
Why a standard atmosphere?
ISA is reference atmosphere for:
- Meaningful aircraft performance specification- Pressure altitude definition & EAS/IAS/TAS definition- Model atmosphere for simulation & analysis
Realatmosphere
![Page 7: Introduction to Aerospace Engineering - TU Delft OCWreal g geometric altitude This is the one we normally use. Difference is small e.g. 63500 ft vs 63307 ft = 0,3% AE1101 Introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042918/5f5eea8969309059396b1e99/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
6AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering |
International Standard Atmosphere(ISA)
p RTρ=dp g dhρ= −
0 0( )T T a h h= + −a = lapse rate
![Page 8: Introduction to Aerospace Engineering - TU Delft OCWreal g geometric altitude This is the one we normally use. Difference is small e.g. 63500 ft vs 63307 ft = 0,3% AE1101 Introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042918/5f5eea8969309059396b1e99/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
7AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering |
Watch out when usinglapse rate a,
it is often given per km, but you should use SI-
units, so per m!
Use this instead of Anderson page 112!)
R = 287.05 J/kg Kg0= 9.81 m/s2
T = 288.15 K (15 ºC)p0 = 101325 Paρ = 1.225 kg/m3
International Standard Atmosphere
(= ICAO Std Atm)
(and no water vapour)M = 28.97 g/mol
![Page 9: Introduction to Aerospace Engineering - TU Delft OCWreal g geometric altitude This is the one we normally use. Difference is small e.g. 63500 ft vs 63307 ft = 0,3% AE1101 Introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042918/5f5eea8969309059396b1e99/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
8AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering |
What do we need to define a standard atmosphere?
• Physically correct:• Pressure increases due to gravity• Gas law
• Two laws, while three variables define state: • Pressure• Temperature• Density
• So by defining one state variable, we define the entireatmosphere by applying the two laws of nature
![Page 10: Introduction to Aerospace Engineering - TU Delft OCWreal g geometric altitude This is the one we normally use. Difference is small e.g. 63500 ft vs 63307 ft = 0,3% AE1101 Introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042918/5f5eea8969309059396b1e99/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
9AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering |
Hydrostatic equation/geopotential altitude
geometric altitudereal g
This is the one we normally use.
Difference is smalle.g. 63500 ft vs 63307 ft = 0,3%
![Page 11: Introduction to Aerospace Engineering - TU Delft OCWreal g geometric altitude This is the one we normally use. Difference is small e.g. 63500 ft vs 63307 ft = 0,3% AE1101 Introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042918/5f5eea8969309059396b1e99/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
10AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering |
Absolute altitude & geometric altitude
hG
ha
Geometric altitude: real altitude with sea level = 0
Absolute altitude: distance to centre of earth
hG = ha + Rearth
Rearth = 6357 km
![Page 12: Introduction to Aerospace Engineering - TU Delft OCWreal g geometric altitude This is the one we normally use. Difference is small e.g. 63500 ft vs 63307 ft = 0,3% AE1101 Introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042918/5f5eea8969309059396b1e99/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
11AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering |
Relation geopotential & geometric altitude
![Page 13: Introduction to Aerospace Engineering - TU Delft OCWreal g geometric altitude This is the one we normally use. Difference is small e.g. 63500 ft vs 63307 ft = 0,3% AE1101 Introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042918/5f5eea8969309059396b1e99/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
12AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering |
International Standard Atmosphere(ISA) Layer with T gradientAs an exercise:
try to making an Excel sheetwith a table for steps of 100 m
![Page 14: Introduction to Aerospace Engineering - TU Delft OCWreal g geometric altitude This is the one we normally use. Difference is small e.g. 63500 ft vs 63307 ft = 0,3% AE1101 Introduction](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042918/5f5eea8969309059396b1e99/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
13AE1101 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering |
Layer with constant temperature T(11 km -20 km)
Use values at 11 km as base 1 for this formulae
On exam you should be able to derive all ISA formulae!