MUHAMAD ASVIALCenter for Information and Communication Engineering Research (CICER)

Electrical Engineering Department, University of IndonesiaKampus UI Depok, 16424, Indonesia

asvial@ee.ui.ac.idhttp://www.ee.ui.ac.id/cicer

Introduction:

Satellite Communication

1

Outline

• Technology and Services • Research

Technology and Services

3

Local ‘Sphere’

NetworkingBAN,PAN

WLANAdHoc

Flexible, adaptive

Radio AccessHigher

frequency bands,

‘>3G’ access

Satellite Mobile

>3G, McastS-DMB

Satellite Broadband

Access

Optical Network

Broadband Access

Optical Core Network

Reconfigurable Radio Networks and Systems

IP Transport Control & Routing IP - Optical Convergence & Control

Other Broadband

Access(Power Nets,..)

...

WideArea

NetworkingFWA, DxB

…….

Net

work

& S

ervice

Man

agem

ent

Dom

ain

Mobility, beyond 3G Domain

Broadband Access Domain

Rich Audio Visual Content Creation, Processing and Delivery

Seamless and Context aware Service adaptation and Delivery

Mobility and Broadband Access

4

Convergence Opportunities• Applications

Enterprise: Corporate VPN, e-mail with attachments, rich web browsing, graphical stock quotes.

Entertainment: Pictures/Imaging, video/audio streaming, VoD, broadcast video/audio, multimedia messaging, games.

Publishing: News, advertising.

DigitalMedia

VideoTransport

VoiceTransport

Storage/Handling

Content Cable TV Telephone Computer

• Merging of content providers and content transporters.

• Phone companies, cable companies, entertainmentindustry, and computer industry.

• Worldwide de-regulation.• Spectrum management.

• DevicesContent

Computing Communications

• ApplicationsEnterprise: Corporate VPN, e-mail with attachments, rich web browsing, graphical

stock quotes.Entertainment: Pictures/Imaging, video/audio streaming, VoD, broadcast video/audio,

multimedia messaging, games.Publishing: News, advertising.

DigitalMedia

VideoTransport

VoiceTransport

Storage/Handling

Content Cable TV Telephone Computer

• Merging of content providers and content transporters.

• Phone companies, cable companies, entertainmentindustry, and computer industry.

• Worldwide de-regulation.• Spectrum management.

• DevicesContent

Computing Communications

5

Ubiquitous Communications Network

The future all-IP networking environments will have IP-based domains as the common infrastructure interconnecting various and very different access technologies

UbiquitousPlatform

WLAN

WiMax

Satellite DAB/DVB• 20-155Mbps/3.40 GHz band• Fixed user/Metropolitan area

FinanceCommerce

FTTHExtremely High Speed

ONU

Fiber

xDSLADSL: Up to 8Mbps, 4-5Km rangeVDSL: Up to 54Mbps, 400-500 range

Mobile• Over 2-10Mbps/ 2-20 GHz Band• Vehicular Environments/Medium Area

roaming

Beyond 3G

IPBackbone

CDMA 2000WCDMA

HPI

UAPUbiquitous Access Point

UAP

A

R

MS

Sensor NetworkUAPIEEE 802.11

Bluetooth

Access Gateway

Ethernet

ExistingCopper

DSLAM

Gateway

Sensor FusionDigital ProcessingVoice Detection………..

6

Ubiquitous Networks Features

• Global Coverage: Networks are expected to be heterogeneous and all IP based with multi-technology terminal supporting wide range applications.

• Broadband Connectivity: Provide telecommunication, data multimedia services with peak rates of more than 100 Mbps with average of 20 Mbps.

• Quality of Service: Support multimedia services with QoS.

• Network Capability: Provide at least 10 times that of 3G systems, enabling high definition video streams to phones.

• Personalized Service: Service providers address the customized services.

• Cost: 4G systems must be able to provide fast speed and large volume of data transmission services at lower cost than today, including spectrum licensing, terminal and service costs.

The converged network technologies cover homes, cars, corporate environments, and public areas, even including satellite links with global coverage.

Technical Challenges to be addressed.Communications anywhere, anytime, and any technology challenges.

Technical Challenges to be addressed.

7

Why Satellite Communications?

• Ubiquitous Coverage: A single satellite system can reach every potential user across an entire continent, particularly in areas with low subscriber density

• Bandwidth Flexibility: Simplex, Duplex, Narrowband, Wideband, Symmetric and Asymmetric

• Deployment: Short installation times, once the network is in place, more users can be added quickly

• Connectivity: Multipoint-to-Multipoint, Broadcasting and Multicasting

• Disaster Recovery: Disaster recovery alternative to fiber networks, emergency communications

• Cost: Cost is independent of the distance

Niche Markets: TV, Broadcast and Multicast Services, Sea, Air, and Sparsely Populated Areas

Few hundred Satellite Applications at Ka-Band filled with ITU Both GSO, NGSO, and hybrid

Niche Markets: TV, Broadcast and Multicast Services, Sea, Air, and Sparsely Populated Areas

Few hundred Satellite Applications at Ka-Band filled with ITU Both GSO, NGSO, and hybrid

8

Integrated Futures

UMTSCore Network

Inter HAPSLink

HAPS ground station

SAT-HAPS Links

Communications/Broadcastvia HAPSHAPS Backhaul link

Satellite ground station

Inter Satellite Link (ISL)

Satellite Diversity

UMTSCore Network

Inter HAPSLink

HAPS ground station

SAT-HAPS Links

Communications/Broadcastvia HAPSHAPS Backhaul link

Satellite ground station UMTS

Core Network

Inter HAPSLink

HAPS ground station

SAT-HAPS Links

Communications/Broadcastvia HAPSHAPS Backhaul link

Satellite ground station

Inter Satellite Link (ISL)

Inter Satellite Link (ISL)

Satellite Diversity

Terrestrial

Core Network

9

Satellite-Fiber Comparison

Comparing Satellite and Fiber Characteristics

Capability Fiber Optic Cable

Systems

Geo Satellite in a Global System

Meo Satellite in a Global System

Leo Satellite in a Constellation

Transmission Speed

10 Gbps-3.2 Terabits/second*

Single Sat 1 Gbps-10 Gbps

Single Sat 0.5 Gbps- 5 Gbps

Single Sat .01 Gbps-2Gbps

Quality of Service

10-1110 -12 10-610 -11 10-610 -11 10-210 91

Transmission latency

25 to 50 ms 250 ms 100-150 ms 25-75 ms

System Availability w/o

Backup

93 to 99.5% 99.98% (C-Ku band) 99% (Ka band)

99.9% (C-Ku band) 99% (Ka band)

99.5% (L-C-Ku band) 99% (Ka band))

Broadcasting Capabilities

Low to Nil High Low Low

Multi-casting Capabilities

Low High High Medium

Trunking Capabilities

Very High High Medium Low

Mobile Services Nil Medium-to-High High High

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FREQUENCYFREQUENCY

Narrow band systems•L-band - 1.535 - 1.56 GHz downlink, 1.635-1.66 uplink•S-band - 2.5 - 2.54 GHz downlink - 2.65-2.69 GHz uplink•C-band - 3.7 - 4.2 GHz downlink, 5.9 - 6.4 GHz uplink•X-band - 7.25 - 7.75 GHz downlink, 7.9 - 8.4 GHz uplink•A few 10s to 100s kHz of bandwidth only

Wideband/broadband systems•Ku-band - about 10.0 - 13 GHz downlink, 14 -17 GHz uplink

Exact frequencies depend on applications (fixed, DBS etc.) 36 MHz of channel bandwidth; enough for typical 50-60 Mbps applications

•Ka-band - about 18-20 GHz downlink, 27-31 GHz uplink500 MHz of channel bandwidth; enough for gigabit applications

•GHz of bandwidth•Q-band - in the 40 GHz•V-band - 60 GHz downlink - 50 GHz uplink

11

Satellite Broadband

Broadband Connectivity to AircraftBroadband Connectivity to Aircraft•• Forward link: 10 MbpsForward link: 10 Mbps•• Return link: 128 Return link: 128 -- 512 Kbps512 Kbps•• NearNear--global connectivityglobal connectivity•• EE--mail/Internet accessmail/Internet access•• FSS, Satellite capacityFSS, Satellite capacity

Broadband Connectivity to Homes/OfficesBroadband Connectivity to Homes/Offices•• Forward link: 2Forward link: 2--3 Mbps3 Mbps•• Return link: 128 Return link: 128 -- 512 Kbps512 Kbps•• Connectivity regardless of location/geographyConnectivity regardless of location/geography

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Satellite Services

Voice & Data Video Broadcasting

Corporate Network

IP Traffic

Bandwidth on Demand

Cable TV distribution

Private network (VSATs)

Internet backbone connectivity

Trunking Direct to Home Distance Learning Broadband interactive service Store & Forward Video contribution

(backhaul of content from production to uplink, eg.SNG

Telemedicine In-fligh aircraft service

Rural telepony Video on demand Internet direct acces

13

Broadband Wireless and MobileApplications

• Telemedicine• Teleworking• E-Government• Distance Learning• Homeland Security• E-Commerce• Applications for People with Disa

bilities• Utility Application• Information Gathering• Tourism

• In Flight Office– Email, Fax, Phone, File transf

er, Video Conferencing• In Flight Entertainment

– Gamble, Phone, Live TV• Multimedia and Web Browsing fo

r Train Passengers• Audio/Video Streaming

What is the technology that best serves these applications?

Research

15

Educational Application

University Classroom Class Room

16

Air To Ground Communication future scenario

ATM betweenAircraft

Ground-based

ATM/ATC

Ground Network

ATM/ATCover

Satellite

Airport Link

TV,Radio Broadcast Communication

Satellite

Vertical WiMax

WCDMA

HSxPA

EV-DOWiMax

Navigation Satellite

ATM betweenAircraft

Ground-based

ATM/ATC

Ground Network

ATM/ATCover

Satellite

Airport Link

TV,Radio Broadcast Communication

Satellite

Vertical WiMax

WCDMA

HSxPA

EV-DOWiMax

Navigation Satellite

17

18

Satellite Multimedia Broadcasting

and Multicasting Services (MBMS)

2G/3GMobile

Network3G Basestation

Contentproviders

Hub basedon 3G equipment

ContentNetworking

High powerGeo-stationary

satellite

3G handset« Satelliteenabled »

Interactive link in IMT2000mobile terrestrial band

Broadcast/Multicastservice centre

“Satellite enabled”

Low costimpact

7 spots overEurope

Satellite distribution linkin IMT2000 mobile

satellite band

Local storage

+

19

Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)

• MPLS uses IP routing protocols to control a connection oriented layer-2 switch• Explicit Routing: Sets up explicit routes using Label Switched paths (LSP)

without making changes to IP routing architecture• Signaling, Admission Control, Routing: Each LSP can have priority,

preemption, policing, and overbooking

• Step 1: Ingress• Perform layer 3 lookup• Map to Forwarding

Equivalence Class (FEC)• Attach label and forward out

appropriate interface according to FEC

• Step 2: Interior nodes• Perform exact match on

incoming label• Lookup outgoing interface

and label• Swap labels and forward out

appropriate interface

• Step 3: Egress• Pop off label• Perform layer 3 lookup• Forward according to layer 3

lookup

LERLER

LSR LSRIP packet

IP packet LabelIP packet Label IP packet Label

IP packet

Layer 3 Routing Layer 3 RoutingMPLS involves routing at the edges, switching

in the coreLER – Label Edge RouterLSR – Label Switch Router

20

Satellite MPLS

• Provides traffic engineering by LSPs• Scalability, traffic monitoring per FEC, redundancy path provisioning and restoration• Works on Frame Relay/ATM switches or IP routers, different L2 technologies• Basis for constraint-based routing (with extensions to OSPF)

Gateway, LER

Terminal, LER

Satellite, LSR

Gateway, LER

Terminal, LER

• Switching onboard the satellite (LSR)

• Scheduling and congestion control

• Packet classification and assignment to FEC

• Support of IP DiffServ QoS

• Label allocation and distribution through Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) Satellite Beams

Advantages• Provides traffic engineering by LSPs• Scalability, traffic monitoring per FEC, redundancy path provisioning and restoration• Works on Frame Relay/ATM switches or IP routers, different L2 technologies• Basis for constraint-based routing (with extensions to OSPF)

Gateway, LER

Terminal, LER

Satellite, LSR

Gateway, LER

Terminal, LER

• Switching onboard the satellite (LSR)

• Scheduling and congestion control

• Packet classification and assignment to FEC

• Support of IP DiffServ QoS

• Label allocation and distribution through Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) Satellite Beams

Advantages

Gateway, LER

Terminal, LER

Satellite, LSR

Gateway, LER

Terminal, LER

• Switching onboard the satellite (LSR)

• Scheduling and congestion control

• Packet classification and assignment to FEC

• Support of IP DiffServ QoS

• Label allocation and distribution through Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) Satellite Beams

Advantages

21

IP Satellite Network

• Transmission of digital television over cable and satellite.• Modified to support packet transmission• Standards exist for transmission of data and network management• Uses a fixed length packet or cell of 188 bytes

PEP RouterRouter PEP

Network

User terminal

Gateway

Server

Router PEP

Network

User terminal

Forward link – DVB-S

Return link – DVB-RCS

PEP – Performance Enhancing Proxy

22

DVB – S2

DVB-S2SYSTEM

Buffers per:•Protection level ACM•User Command•Service level

AC

M R

outer

AC

M routing

manager

BUF BUF BUF

SatelliteGateway

InternetInfo

Provider RouterInteractionChannelGW

Returnchannel

UserTerminal

Info Request

C/N+Isignaling

InfoResponseInfo

Response

InfoResponse

High bit-rateforward link

23

Broadband VSAT

• Provides two-way TCP/IP Transmissions for high speed, multimedia• Star, mesh, hybrid technologies• C, Ku, Ka, extended C• Future Services

• WiFi• WiMax• VoIP

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Hierarchical ArchitectureGEO A GEO B

ISL between GEOs

IOL links

LEO constellation

Interplane ISL

HAP

GEO footprintLEO footprintHAP footprint

25