introduction - scripture4allpartly follows the indefinite pronoun or is indefinite as a whole....

scripture4all.org

INTRODUCTION

for using the

Concordant Parsing

of the so-called Greek New Testament

in the

Interlinear Scripture Analyzer

(ISA)

http://www.scripture4all.org/

http://www.scripture4all.org/

© 2019 Gernot Ruediger Frey

Studying Scripture concordantly, meaning in accord with that which was written originally, involves the need to determine not only the meaning of

the words and word-elements but the grammar also.

Beginning with the Greek letters we are happy to find most of them preserved in our modern English Alphabet. Anciently they were written

like this:

Vowels easily change, combine or absorb one another. The latter, in

particular, is confusing until we grasp the laws behind it:

aa = a ea = h oa = w or a

ae = a ee = ei oe = ou

ah = a eh = h oh = o or h

ao = w eo = ou oo = ou

aw = w ew = w ow = w

Consonants are more stable but are inclined to combine by forming a new letter or letter-combination, or simply to be dropped:

ps bs fs = y

ks gs xs = x

pk bk fk = f

kk gk ck = c

ts = s

ds = s

qs = s

ms = m

ns = n

ls = l

rs = r

tk = k

dk = k

qk = k

Considering these features will help to understand the changes words make in usage at times.

a b g d e z h q i k l m n x o p r s t u f c y w

a b g d e z E th i k l m n x o p r s t u ph ch ps O

tt dt qt = st

tq dq qq = sq

pm bm fm = mm

tm dm qm = cm

bt ft = pt

pd fd = bd

pq bq = fq

gt ct = kt

kd cd = gd

kq gq = cq

km cm = gm

np = mp

nb = mb

nf = mf

nm = mm

ny = my

nk = gk

ng = gg

nc = gc

nx = gx

nl = ll

nr = rr


Moving from letters to words we find different word-groups like verbs, nouns, adjectives, pronouns and articles, prepositions, adverbs,

conjunctions and several particles.

Most words make specific changes in form in order to conform to the other words in sentence, all in accord with the sense. Verbs have to adjust with

function, voice, tense, mode, as well as number and person, which

commonly is called conjugation. Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and the article are declined to state clearly the relationship between subject and

object.

Studying the Greek verb will show that it is much more a word of function or condition than of time. Time only has a secondary aspect; primarily the

verb is brought before us as an indefinite FACT, a going on ACT or a complete STATE. Therefore, we have arranged the verb according to this

point of view. Because there is much similarity between the several active verbs, as between the middle and passive as well, we have

correspondingly grouped the voices together.

A special position is taken by the middle voice because we don’t know it any more in our modern languages and therefore have to translate it

either actively or passively. In fact the middle expresses an action

remaining with the subject/object and not going out from it (active) or befalling it (passive). However, in order to indicate the middle verbs, we

have given the passive expression of the verb form in italics, as I-was-baptizED, when translated passively. We have added a specific sign when

we were forced to translate actively, like I-baptize~.

Declension in Greek knows three categories. Generally, we can say that the first declension suffixes the feminine relative pronoun to the stem, the

second uses the masculine and neuter relative and the third declension partly follows the indefinite pronoun or is indefinite as a whole.

Therefore, we have arranged nouns according to the three declensions,

some are indefinite, commonly called irregular and others are indeclinable. Adjectives in principle use the same endings. Participles, which in fact are

verbal adjectives, are listed with the verbs. The several pronouns and the

article are given separately.

The prepositions show what declension really is. Speech is flowing and a flow has a direction. The prepositions illustrate this very clearly. Studying

the scheme showing the relationship of the prepositions to the case system will help very effectively in understanding this subject.

Adverbs, conjunctions and particles are not declined. They seldom change

in usage.


Tables of the different grammatical forms are given below, as they will be found in declension and conjugation, which show the reader the changes

words make in language usage. The reader will also be enabled this way to check the uniform interlinear by himself.

May God use this introduction into a concordant grammar for a better

understanding of His glorious Word, for the laud of His glory and for the

blessing of His beloved saints. grf


The Greek Cases

in relation to the Prepositions

GENITIVE DATIVE ACCUSATIVE

OF

Motion from Whence?

to

Rest in Where?

Motion to Whither?

UPER OVER

PERI

above

concerning ABOUT

SUN

TOGETHER

ANTI INSTEAD

ON

EPI ON

ON

DIA THRU

APO FROM

EN IN

PROS TOWARD

EK OUT

EIS INTO

PARA of

with

BESIDE

META WITH

after

UPO by

UNDER

NOMINATIVE

Who? What?

VOCATIVE

ANA

U

P

KATA

DO

WN

accord

ing_to

because_of

PRO

BEFORE


GENITIVE OF

Motion from (possession or derivation)

Whence?

DATIVE to

Rest in

Where?

ACCUSATIVE

Motion to

Whither?

ANTI INSTEAD

APO FROM

EK OUT

PRO BEFORE

EN - IN

SUN - TOGETHER

ANA - UP

EIS - INTO

PROS - TOWARD

DIA THRU - because_of

KATA DOWN - according_to

meta WITH - after

PERI concerning - ABOUT

UPER OVER - above

UPO by - UNDER

epi ON ON ON

para of with BESIDE


Nouns - 1st Declension

(n_ 1 …)

Pronoun

(feminine)

Feminine

Masculine

Stem in —[I]A, —H —AS, —HS

Singular

Nom H —H —A —a —hs —hs —as —as

Gen HS —HS —HS —as —ou —ou —ou —A

Dat H —H —H —a —h —h —a —a

Acc HN —HN —AN —an —hn —hn —an —an

Voc —H —A —A —a —H —a —a

Plural

Nom AI —ai

Gen WN —wn

Dat AIS —ais

Acc AS —as

Voc ai —ai


Nouns - 2nd Declension

(n_ 2 …)

Pronoun

(neuter)

Pronoun

(masculine)

Masculine

& Feminine

Neuter

Stem in —OS —ON

Singular

Nom O OS —OS —ON

Gen OU OU —OU —OU

Dat W W —W —W

Acc O ON —ON —ON

Voc —E —ON

Plural

Nom A OI —OI —A

Gen WN WN —WN —WN

Dat OIS OIS —OIS —OIS

Acc A OUS —OUS —A

Voc —oi —A


Nouns - 3rd Declension

(n_ 3 …)

Neuter

Masc.

&

Fem.

Masculine

Feminine

Stem in —U- —OS —NT-, —N —ES- —U-, —OU- —EU- —[E]I[S] —U-

Singular

Nom — — —OS — — —HS —S —S —S —S

Gen —OS —WS —OUS —OS —[T]OS —OUS —WS/—OS —WS —[E]WS —OS

Dat —I —I —EI —I —[T]I —EI —I —I —[E]I —I

Acc — — —OS —A —[T]A —H[N] —N —A —N —N

Voc — — — —

Plural

Nom —A —H —ES —[D]ES —EIS —IS/—ES —IS —[E]IS —ES

Gen —WN —WN —WN —[D]WN —WN —WN —WN —[E]WN —-WN

Dat —[S]I[N] —[S]I[N] —[S]I[N] —[S]I[N] —ESI[N] —SI[N] —SI[N[ —[E]SI[N] —SI[N]

Acc —A —H —AS —[D]AS —EIS —IS/—AS —IS —[E]IS —AS

Voc —A — —ES —[D]ES — —IS —


Adjective-Declension Masculine

(a_ …)

1. Decl. 2. Decl. 3. Decl.

Singular

Nom m -os -as, -hs, -eis, -us, (-wn, -ws)

Gen m -ou -ous, -os

Dat m -w -i

Acc m -on -a, -h, -an, -hn, (-w)

Voc m -e (-wn)

Plural

Nom m -oi -es, -eis, (-ous)

Gen m -wn -wn

Dat m -ois -[s]i[n]

Acc m -ous -as, -eis, (-ous)

Voc m -oi -es

(Letters in round brackets are not really suffixes but belong to the stem.)


Adjective-Declension Feminine

(a_ …)

1. Decl. 2. Decl. m/f 3. Decl. m/f

Singular

Nom f -a, -h -os -hs, (-wn)

Gen f -as, -hs -ou -ous, -os

Dat f -a, -h -w -i

Acc f -an, -hn -on -a, -h, (-w)

Voc f -a

Plural

Nom f -ai -oi -es, -eis, (-ous)

Gen f -wn -wn -wn

Dat f -ais -ois -[s]i[n]

Acc f -as -ous -eis, (-ous)

Voc f -ai



Adjective-Declension Neuter

(a_ …)

1. Decl. 2. Decl. 3. Decl.

Singular

Nom n -on (-a, -an, -en, -es, -o, -on, -u)

Gen n -ou -ous, -os

Dat n -w -i

Acc n -on (-a, -h, -an, -en, -es, -hn, -o, -on, -oun, -u)

Voc n -on

Plural

Nom n -a -a, -h, (-w)

Gen n -wn -wn

Dat n -ois -[s]i[n]

Acc n -a -a, -h, (-w)

Voc n -a



Article

(t_ …)

THE

Masculine Feminine Neuter

Singular

Nom O THE H THE To THE

Gen TOU OF-THE Ths OF-THE Tou OF-THE

Dat TW to-THE Th to-THE Tw to-THE

Acc TON THE Thn THE To THE

Plural

Nom Oi THE(p) Ai THE(p) Ta THE(p)

Gen Twn OF-THE(p) Twn OF-THE(p) Twn OF-THE(p)

Dat Tois to-THE(p) Tais to-THE(p) Tois to-THE(p)

Acc tous THE(p) tas THE(p) ta THE(p)


Relative Pronoun

(pr …)

WHICH / WHO


Singular

Nom os WHO h WHO o WHICH

Gen ou OF-WHOM hs OF-WHOM ou OF-WHICH

Dat w to-WHOM h to-WHOM w to-WHICH

Acc on WHOM hn WHOM o WHICH

Plural

Nom oi WHO(p) ai WHO(p) a WHICH(p)

Gen wn OF-WHOM(p) wn OF-WHOM(p) wn OF-WHICH(p)

Dat ois to-WHOM(p) ais to-WHOM(p) ois to-WHICH(p)

Acc ous WHOM(p) as WHOM(p) a WHICH(p)


Demonstrative Pronoun

(pd …)

THE-SAME, this, these


Singular

Nom Outos this Auth this Touto this

Gen Toutou OF-this Tauths OF-this Toutou OF-this

Dat Toutw to-this Tauth to-this Toutw to-this

Acc Touton this Tauthn this Touto this

Plural

Nom Outoi these Autai these Tauta these

Gen Toutwn OF-these Toutwn OF-these Toutwn OF-these

Dat Toutois to-these Tautais to-these Toutois to-these

Acc toutous these tautas these tauta these



(pd …)

OUT-TO-BE, that, those


Singular

Nom ekeinos that ekeinh that ekeino that

Gen ekeinou OF-that ekeinhs OF-that ekeinou OF-that

Dat ekeinw to-that ekeinh to-that ekeinw to-that

Acc ekeinon that ekeinhn that ekeino that

Plural

Nom ekeinoi those ekeinai those ekeina those

Gen ekeinwn OF-those ekeinwn OF-those ekeinwn OF-those

Dat ekeinois to-those ekeinais to-those ekeinois to-those

Acc ekeinous those ekeinas those ekeina those



(pd …)

to-THE(p)-SAME, such


Singular

Nom toiOutos such toiAuth such toiouto such

Gen toioutou OF-such toiauths OF-such toioutou OF-such

Dat toioutw to-such toiauth to-such toioutw to-such

Acc toiouton such toiauthn such toiouto such

Plural

Nom toiOutoi such(p) toiAutai such(p) toiauta such(p)

Gen toioutwn OF-such(p) toioutwn OF-such(p) toioutwn OF-such(p)

Dat toioutois to-such(p) toiautais to-such(p) toioutois to-such(p)

Acc toioutous such(p) toiautas such(p) toiauta such(p)


Indefinite Pronoun

(px …)

ANY


Singular

Nom tis ANY tis ANY ti ANY

Gen tinos OF-ANY tinos OF-ANY tinos OF-ANY

Dat tini to-ANY tini to-ANY tini to-ANY

Acc tina ANY tina ANY ti ANY

Plural

Nom tines ANY(p) tines ANY(p) tina ANY(p)

Gen tinwn OF-ANY(p) tinwn OF-ANY(p) tinwn OF-ANY(p)

Dat tisi[n] to-ANY(p) tisi[n] to-ANY(p) tisi[n] to-ANY(p)

Acc tinas ANY(p) tinas ANY(p) tina ANY(p)


Indefinite Pronoun

(px …)

WHICH-ANY, WHO-ANY


Singular

Nom ostis WHO-ANY htis WHO-ANY oti WHICH-ANY

Gen outinos OF-WHO-ANY hstinos OF-WHO-ANY outinos/ OTOU OF-WHICH-ANY

Dat wtini to-WHO-ANY htini to-WHO-ANY wtini to-WHICH-ANY

Acc ontina WHO-ANY hntina WHO-ANY oti WHICH-ANY

Plural

Nom oitines WHO-ANY(p) aitines WHO-ANY(p) atina WHICH-ANY(p)

Gen wntinwn OF-WHO-ANY(p) wntinwn OF-WHO-ANY(p) wntinwn OF-WHICH-ANY(p)

Dat oistisi to-WHO-ANY(p) aistisi to-WHO-ANY(p) oistisi to-WHICH-ANY(p)

Acc oustinas WHO-ANY(p) astinas WHO-ANY(p) atina WHICH-ANY(p)


Personal Pronoun 1st & 2nd Person

(pp 1/2 …)

I / WE & YOU / YE

1st Person 2nd Person

Singular

Nom egw I su YOU

Gen emou / mou OF-ME sou OF-YOU

Dat emoi / moi to-ME soi to-YOU

Acc eme / me ME se YOU

Plural

Nom hmeis WE umeis YE

Gen hmwn OF-US umwn OF-YE

Dat hmin to-US umin to-YE

Acc hmas US umas YE


Personal Pronoun 3rd Person (Iterative Pronoun)

(pp …)

SAME, he/she/it, they


Singular

Nom autos SAME, he auth SAME, she auto SAME, it

Gen autou OF-SAME, OF-him auths OF-SAME, OF-her autou OF-SAME, OF-it

Dat autw to-SAME, to-him auth to-SAME, to-her autw to-SAME, to-it

Acc auton SAME, him authn SAME, her auto SAME, it

Plural

Nom autoi SAME(p), they autai SAME(p), they auta SAME(p), they

Gen autwn OF-SAME(p), OF-them autwn OF-SAME(p), OF-them autwn OF-SAME(p), OF-them

Dat autois to-SAME(p), to-them autais to-SAME(p), to-them autois to-SAME(p), to-them

Acc autous SAME(p), them autas SAME(p), them auta SAME(p), them


Reflexive Pronoun 1st Person

(pf 1 …)

I-SAME, MYself, ourselves


Singular

Nom

Gen emautou OF-MYself emauths OF-MYself emautou OF-MYself

Dat emautw to-MYself emauth to-MYself emautw to-MYself

Acc emauton MYself emauthn MYself emauto MYself

Plural

Nom

Gen eautwn OF-ourselves eautwn OF-ourselves eautwn OF-ourselves

Dat eautois to-ourselves eautais to-ourselves eautois to-ourselves

Acc eautous ouselves eautas ouselves eauta ouselves


Reflexive Pronoun 2nd Person

(pf 2 …)

YOU-SAME, YOURself, yourselves


Singular

Nom

Gen seautou OF-YOURself seauths OF-YOURself seautou OF-YOURself

Dat seautw to-YOURself seauth to-YOURself seautw to-YOURself

Acc seauton YOURself seauthn YOURself seauto YOURself

Plural

Nom

Gen eautwn OF-yourselves eautwn OF-yourselves eautwn OF-yourselves

Dat eautois to-yourselves eautais to-yourselves eautois to-yourselves

Acc eautous yourselves eautas yourselves eauta yourselves


Reflexive Pronoun 3rd Person

(pf 3 …)

BE-SAME, himself/herself/itself, themselves


Singular

Nom

Gen eautou OF-himself eauths OF-herself eautou OF-itself

Dat eautw to-himself eauth to-herself eautw to-itself

Acc eauton himself eauthn herself eauto itself

Plural

Nom

Gen eautwn OF-themselves eautwn OF-themselves eautwn OF-themselves

Dat eautois to-themselves eautais to-themselves eautois to-themselves

Acc eautous themselves eautas themselves eauta themselves


Possessive Pronoun 1st Person Sg

(ps 1 …)

MY, mine


Singular

Nom emos MY emh MY EMON MY

Gen emou OF-MY emhs OF-MY EMOU OF-MY

Dat emw to-MY emh to-MY EMW to-MY

Acc emon MY emhn MY EMON MY

Plural

Nom emoi MY(p) emai MY(p) EMA MY(p)

Gen EMWN OF-MY(p) EMWN OF-MY(p) EMWN OF-MY(p)

Dat EMOIS to-MY(p) EMaIS to-MY(p) EMOIS to-MY(p)

Acc emoUS MY(p) emAS MY(p) EMA MY(p)


Possessive Pronoun 1st Person Pl

(ps 1 …)

OUR-more, ours


Singular

Nom HMETEROS OUR-more HMETERA OUR-more HMETERON OUR-more

Gen HMETERou OF-OUR-more HMETERAS OF-OUR-more HMETERou OF-OUR-more

Dat HMETERw to-OUR-more HMETERa to-OUR-more HMETERw to-OUR-more

Acc HMETERON OUR-more HMETERAN OUR-more HMETERON OUR-more

Plural

Nom HMETEROI OUR-more(p) HMETERaI OUR-more(p) HMETERa OUR-more(p)

Gen HMETERWN OF-OUR-more(p) HMETERWN OF-OUR-more(p) HMETERWN OF-OUR-more(p)

Dat HMETEROIS to-OUR-more(p) HMETERAIS to-OUR-more(p) HMETEROIS to-OUR-more(p)

Acc HMETEROuS OUR-more(p) HMETERas OUR-more(p) HMETERa OUR-more(p)


Possessive Pronoun 2nd Person Sg

(ps 2 …)

YOUR, yours


Singular

Nom sos YOUR sh YOUR SON YOUR

Gen sou OF-YOUR shs OF-YOUR sou OF-YOUR

Dat sw to-YOUR sh to-YOUR sw to-YOUR

Acc son YOUR shn YOUR SON YOUR

Plural

Nom soi YOUR(p) sai YOUR(p) SA YOUR(p)

Gen swn OF-YOUR(p) swn OF-YOUR(p) swn OF-YOUR(p)

Dat sois to-YOUR(p) sais to-YOUR(p) sois to-YOUR(p)

Acc SOUS YOUR(p) sas YOUR(p) SA YOUR(p)


Possessive Pronoun 2nd Person Pl

(ps 2 …)

YOUR(p)-more, yours


Singular

Nom UMETEROS YOUR(p)-more UMETERA YOUR(p)-more UMETERon YOUR(p)-more

Gen UMETERou OF-YOUR(p)-more UMETERAS OF-YOUR(p)-more UMETERou OF-YOUR(p)-more

Dat UMETERW to-YOUR(p)-more UMETERA to-YOUR(p)-more UMETERW to-YOUR(p)-more

Acc UMETERON YOUR(p)-more UMETERAN YOUR(p)-more UMETERON YOUR(p)-more

Plural

Nom UMETERoi YOUR(p)-more(p) UMETERai YOUR(p)-more(p) UMETERa YOUR(p)-more(p)

Gen UMETERwn OF-YOUR(p)-more(p) UMETERwn OF-YOUR(p)-more(p) UMETERwn OF-YOUR(p)-more(p)

Dat UMETERois to-YOUR(p)-more(p) UMETERais to-YOUR(p)-more(p) UMETERois to-YOUR(p)-more(p)

Acc UMETERous YOUR(p)-more(p) UMETERas YOUR(p)-more(p) UMETERa YOUR(p)-more(p)


vi FA act past … (Substantive)

1 sg hmhn

I-WAS

2 sg hs/HSQA

YOU-WERE

3 sg hn

he/she/it-WAS

1 pl hmen/HMEQA

WE-WERE

2 pl hte

YE-WERE

3 pl hsan

THEY-WERE


vi FA act past …

Past in —hn Past Verbs in –a- in –e- in –o- gnw-

1 sg e—hn e—on —WN —OUN —OUN —WN

I—ED

2 sg e—hs E—ES —AS —EIS —OUS —WS

YOU—ED

3 sg e—h e—e —A —EI —OU —W

he/she/it—ED

1 pl e—hmen E—OMEN —WMEN —OUMEN —OUMEN

WE—ED

2 pl e—hte E—ETE —ATE —EITE —OUTE —WTE

YE—ED

3 pl e—hsan E—ON —WN —OUN —OUN

THEY—ED


vn FA act indef (Substantive)

vn FA act indef

Verbs in –p,b,f,pt-

Verbs in –k,g,ss,c,z-

Verbs in –l,n,r-

—sai —yai —xai —ai

TO—

vi FA act indef ...


Verbs in –k,g,ss,tt,c,z-

Verbs in –l,n,r-

1 sg e—sa —ya —xa —A

I—

2 sg e—sas —yas —xas —AS

YOU—

3 sg e—sen —yen —xen —En

he/she/it—S

1 pl e—samen —yamen —xamen —AMEN

WE—

2 pl e—sate —yate —xate —ATE

YE—

3 pl e—san —yan —xan —AN

THEY—

einai

TO-BE


vp FA act indef sg ...



Verbs in

–l,n,p-

nom sg m —sas —yas —xas —as

—ing —ing —ing —ing

f —sasa —yasa —xasa —asa


n —san —yan —xan

—ing —ing —ing

gen sg m —santos —yantos —xantos —antos

OF—ing OF—ing OF—ing OF—ing

f —sashs

OF—ing

n —santos

OF—ing

dat sg m —santi —yanti —xanti —anti

to—ing to—ing to—ing to—ing

f —sash

to—ing

n —santi

to—ing

acc sg m —santa —yanta —xanta —anta


f —sasan

—ing

n —san —yan

—ing —ing


vp FA act indef pl ...



Verbs in

–l,n,p-

nom pl m —santes —yantes —xantes —antes


f —sasai —yasai

—ing —ing

n —santa

—ing

gen pl m —santwn —yantwn —xantwn —antwn

OF—ing OF—ing OF—ing OF—ing

f —saswn

OF—ing

n —santwn

OF—ing

dat pl m —sasin —yasin

to—ing to—ing

f —sasais

to—ing

n —sasin

to—ing

acc pl m —santas —yantas —antas

—ing —ing —ing

f —sasas

—ing

n —santa

—ing


vm FA act fut ...



Verbs in –l,n,r-

2 sg —son —yon —xon —on

—YOU

3 sg —SATW —YATW —XATW —ATW

LET-him/her/it—

2 pl —sate —yate —xate —ate

—YE

3 pl —SATWSAN —ATWSAN

LET-THEM—


vn AC act pres

in —a- in —o- za-

—ein —an —oun —hn

TO-BE—ING


vi AC act pres ... (Substantive)

1 sg eimi

I-AM-BEING

2 sg EI

YOU-ARE-BEING

3 sg ESTIN

he/she/it-IS-BEING

1 pl ESMEN

WE-ARE-BEING

2 pl ESTE

YE-ARE-BEING

3 pl EISIN

THEY-ARE-BEING

vi AC act pres ...

Present in —mi Present in —a- in —e- in —o- za-

1 sg —mi —w —w —w —w —w

I-AM—ING

2 sg —s —eis —as —eis —ois —hs

YOU-ARE—ING

3 sg —SIN —EI —A —EI —OI —H

he/she/it-IS—ING

1 pl —MEN —OMEN —WMEN —OUMEN —OUMEN —WMEN

WE-ARE—ING

2 pl —TE —ETE —ATE —EITE —OUTE —HTE

YE-ARE—ING

3 pl —OUSIN / —ASIN —OUSIN —WSIN —OUSIN —OUSIN —WSIN

THEY-ARE—ING


vm AC act pres ... (Substantive)

2 sg isqI

YOU-BE-BEING

3 sg ESTW / HTW

LET-him/her/it-BE-BEING

2 pl ESTE

YE-BE-BEING

3 pl ESTWSAN

LET-THEM-BE-BEING

vm AC act pres ...

Verbs in —a- Verbs in —e- Verbs in —o-

2 sg —e / —qi —A —EI —OU

YOU-BE—ING

3 sg —ETW —ATW —EITW —OUTW

LET-him/her/it-BE—ING

2 pl —ETE —ATE —EITE —OUTE

YE-BE—ING

3 pl —ETWSAN —ATWSAN —EITWSAN —OUTWSAN

LET-THEM-BE—ING


vs AC act pres ... (Substantive)

1 sg w

I-MAY-BE-BEING

2 sg HS

YOU-MAY-BE-BEING

3 sg H

he/she/it-MAY-BE-BEING

1 pl WMEN

WE-MAY-BE-BEING

2 pl HTE

YE-MAY-BE-BEING

3 pl WSIN

THEY-MAY-BE-BEING

vs AC act pres ...

Verbs in —a-

Verbs in —o-

1 sg —w

I-MAY-BE –ING

2 sg —hs —as —ois

YOU-MAY-BE—ING

3 sg —H —a —oi

he/she/it-MAY-BE—ING

1 pl —WMEN

WE-MAY-BE—ING

2 pl —HTE —ate —OUte

YE-MAY-BE—ING

3 pl —WSIN

THEY-MAY-BE—ING


vo AC act pres ... (Substantive)

2 sg EIHS

MAY-YOU-BEING

3 sg eih

MAY-he/she/it-BE-BEING

vo AC act pres ...

1 sg —OIMI

MAY-I-BE—ING

2 sg —OIS

MAY-YOU-BE—ING

3 sg —OI

MAY-he/she/it-BE—ING

1 pl —OIMEN

MAY-WE-BE—ING

2 pl —OITE

MAY-YE-BE—ING

3 pl —OIEN

MAY-THEY-BE—ING


vp AC act pres ... (Substantive)

nom sg m wn nom pl m ontes

BEING BEING

f ousa f ousai

BEING BEING

n on n onta

BEING BEING

gen sg m ontos gen pl m ontwn

OF-BEING OF-BEING

f oushs f ouswn

OF-BEING OF-BEING

n ontos n ontwn

OF-BEING OF-BEING

dat sg m onti dat pl m ousin

to-BEING to-BEING

f oush f ousais

to-BEING to-BEING

n onti n ousin

to-BEING to-BEING

acc sg m onta acc pl m ontas

BEING BEING

f ousan f ousas

BEING BEING

n on n onta

BEING BEING


vp AC act pres ...

Verbs in —a- Verbs in —e-, —o-

nom sg m —wn —w- —ou-

—ING

f —OUSA —w- —ou-

—ING

n —ON —w- —ou-

—ING

gen sg m —ontos —w- —ou-

OF—ING

f —oushs —w- —ou-

OF—ING

n —ontos —w- —ou-

OF—ING

dat sg m —onti —w- —ou-

to—ING

f —oush —w- —ou-

to—ING

n —onti —w- —ou-

to—ING

acc sg m —onta —w- —ou-

—ING

f —ousan —w- —ou-

—ING

n —on —w- —ou-

—ING

nom pl m —ontes —w- —ou-

—ING

f —ousai —w- —ou-

—ING

n —onta —w- —ou-

—ING

gen pl m —ontwn —w- —ou-

OF—ING

f —ouswn —w- —ou-

OF—ING

n —ontwn —w- —ou-

OF—ING

dat pl m —ousin —w- —ou-

to—ING

f —ousais —w- —ou-

to—ING

n —ousin —w- —ou-

to—ING

acc pl m —ontas —w- —ou-

—ING

f —ousas —w- —ou-

—ING

n —onta —w- —ou-

—ING


vn AC act fut

—sein

TO-SHALL-BE—ING

vi AC act fut ...

Verbs in —k,g,ss,tt,c,z-

Verbs in —p,b,f,pt-

Verbs in —l,n,R,z-

1 sg —sw —HSW —XW —YW —W

I-SHALL-BE—ING

2 sg —SEIS —HSEIS —XEIS —YEIS —EIS

YOU-SHALL-BE—ING

3 sg —SEI —HSEI —XEI —YEI —EI

he/she/it-SHALL-BE—ING

1 pl —SOMEN —HSOMEN —XOMEN —YOMEN —OUMEN

WE-SHALL-BE—ING

2 pl —SETE —HSETE —XETE —YETE —EITE

YE-SHALL-BE—ING

3 pl —SOUSIN —HOUSIN —XOUSIN —YOUSIN —OUSIN

THEY-SHALL-BE—ING


vs AC act fut …

Verbs in —p,b,f,pt-

Verbs in —k,g,ss,tt,c,z-

Verbs in —l,n,p,z-

1 sg —sw —YW —XW —W

I-SHOULD-BE—ING

2 sg —SHS —YHS —XHS —HS

YOU-SHOULD-BE—ING

3 sg —SH —YH —XH —H

he/she/it-SHOULD-BE—ING

1 pl —SWMEN —YWMEN —XWMEN —WMEN

WE-SHOULD-BE—ING

2 pl —SHTE —YHTE —XHTE —HTE

YE-SHOULD-BE—ING

3 pl —SWSIN —YWSIN —XWSIN —WSIN

THEY-SHOULD-BE—ING

vo AC act fut ...

Verbs in —z-

Verbs in —n-

3 sg —sai —Xai —ai

MAY-he/she/it-BE—ING(fut)

3 pl —SAIEN / SeIAN —XWSIN

MAY-THEY-BE—ING(fut)


vp AC act fut ...

nom sg m —swn

SHALL—ING

nom pl m —sontes

SHALL—ING

gen pl m —SONTWN

SHALL—ING


vi ST act past ...

1 sg e-Reduplication—kein —ein

I-HAD—ED

2 sg e-Reduplication—keis —eis

YOU-HAD—ED

3 sg e-Reduplication—kei —EI

he/she/it-HAD—ED

1 pl e-Reduplication—keimen

WE-HAD—ED

2 pl e-Reduplication—keite —EITE

YE-HAD—ED

3 pl e-Reduplication—keisan —EISAN

THEY-HAD—ED


vn ST act pres

Reduplication—kenai —enai

TO-HAVE—ED

vi ST act pres ...

1 sg Reduplication—ka —a

I-HAVE—ED

2 sg Reduplication—kas —as

YOU-HAVE—ED

3 sg Reduplication—ken —en

he/she/it-HAS—ED

1 pl Reduplication—kamen —amen

WE-HAVE—ED

2 pl Reduplication—kate —ate

YE-HAVE—ED

3 pl Reduplication—kasi —asin —[K]AN

THEY-HAVE—ED


vp ST act pres sg …

nom sg m Reduplication—kws —ws

HAVING—ED

f Reduplication—kuia —uia

HAVING—ED

n Reduplication—kos —os

HAVING—ED

gen sg m Reduplication—kotos

OF-HAVING—ED

f Reduplication—kuias

OF-HAVING—ED

n Reduplication—kotos

OF-HAVING—ED

dat sg m Reduplication—koti —oti

to-HAVING—ED

f Reduplication—kuiai

to-HAVING—ED

n Reduplication—kotI —oti

to-HAVING—ED

acc sg m Reduplication—Kota —ota

HAVING—ED

f Reduplication—kuian —uian

HAVING—ED

n Reduplication—kos —os

HAVING—ED


vp ST act pres pl …

nom pl m Reduplikation—kotes —otes

HAVING—ED

f Reduplikation—kuiai —uiai

HAVING—ED

n Reduplikation—kota —ota

HAVING—ED

gen pl m Reduplikation—kotwn

OF-HAVING—ED

f Reduplikation—kuiwn

OF-HAVING—ED

n Reduplikation—kotwn —otwn

OF-HAVING—ED

dat pl m Reduplikation—kosin —osin

to-HAVING—ED

f Reduplikation—kuiais

to-HAVING—ED

n Reduplikation—kosin

to-HAVING—ED

acc pl m Reduplikation—kotas —otas

HAVING—ED

f Reduplikation—kuias

HAVING—ED

n Reduplikation—kota —ota

HAVING—ED


vi FA-ST act past …

1 sg e—kon

I—ED

2 sg E—KeS

YOU—ED

3 sg e—ke

he/she/it—ED

1 pl E—kOMEN

WE—ED

2 pl E—kETE

YE—ED

3 pl E—kON

THEY—ED


vn FA-ST act indef

—KAI

TO—

vi FA-ST act indef …

1 sg E—KA

I—

2 sg E—KAS

YOU—

3 sg E—KEN

he/she/it—S

1 pl e—kamen

WE—

2 pl E—KATE

YE—

3 pl E—KAN

THEY—

vp FA-ST act indef ...

nom sg m —KAS

—ing

nom pl m —kantes

—ing


vm FA-ST act fut ...

2 sg —kon

—YOU

2 pl —KATE

—YE


vi FA mid past …

Verbs in —a- in —h- in —e- in —o- in —u- in —mi

1 sg e—omhn —wmhn —oumhn —oumhn

I—ED~ or –was—ED

2 sg E—OU —W —OU —OU

YOU—ED~ or –were—ED

3 sg e—eto —ato —hto —eito —outo —uto —ato

he/she/it—ED~ or –was—ED

1 pl E—OMEQA —WMEQA —OUMEQA —OUMEQA

WE—ED~ or –were—ED

2 pl e—esqe —asqe —eisqe —ousqe

YE—ED~ or –were—ED

3 pl e—onto —wnto —ounto —ounto —ounto —unto —ento

THEY—ED~ or –were—ED


vn FA mid indef

in —p,b,f,pt- in —k,g,ss,tt- in —l,n,r-

—sasqai —yasqai —xasqai —asqai

TO—~ or TO-be—ED

vi FA mid indef ...

Verbs in —b,p,f,pt- Verbs in —k,g,ss,tt,c,z- Verbs in —l,r,n-

1 sg e—samhn —yamhn —xamhn —amhn

I—~ or -am—ED

2 sg e—sw —yw —xw —w

YOU—~ or -are—ED

3 sg e—sato —yato —xato —ato

he/she/it—S~ or -is—ED

1 pl e—sameqa —yameqa —xameqa —ameqa

WE—~ or -are—ED

2 pl e—sasqe —yasqe —xasqe —asqe

YE—~ or -are—ED

3 pl e—santo —yanto —xanto —anto

THEY—~ or -are—ED


vp FA mid indef sg ...



Verbs in –l,n,p-

nom sg m —samenos —yamenos —xamenos —amenos

—ing~ or being—ED

f —samenh —xamenh


n —samenon —xamenon


gen sg m —samenou —yamenou —xamenou

OF—ing~ or OF-being—ED

f —samenhs


n —SAMENOU


dat sg m —SAMENW

to—ing~ or to-being—ED

f —SAMENH


n —SAMENW


acc sg m —SAMENON —AMENON


f —SAMENHN


n —SAMENON



vp FA mid indef pl ...



Verbs in –l,n,p-

nom pl m —SAMENOI —yAMENOI —xAMENOI —AMENOI


f —SAMENAI


n —SAMENA


gen pl m —SAMENWN


f —SAMENWN


n —SAMENWN


dat pl m —SAMENOIS —xAMENOIS


f —SAMENAIS


n —SAMENOIS


acc pl m —SAMENOUS —xAMENOUS


f —SAMENAS


n —SAMENA



vm FA mid fut ...

2 sg —sai

—YOU~ or -be—ED

3 sg —sasqw

LET-him/her/it—~ or LET-him/her/it-be—ED

2 pl —sasqe

—YE~ or -be—ED

3 pl —sasqwsan

LET-THEM—~ or LET-THEM-be—ED


vn AC mid pres

—sqai

TO-BE—ING~ or TO-BE-beING—ED

vi AC mid pres ...

Verbs in —a-

Verbs in —e-

Verbs in —h-

Verbs in —o-

Verbs in —u-

Verbs in —mi

1 sg —omai —wmai —oumai —hmai —oumai —umai —emai —amai

I-AM—ING~ or

-AM-beING—ED

2 sg —H — —EI — —OI — —ASAI

YOU-ARE—ING~ or

-ARE-beING—ED

3 sg —ETAI —ATAI —EITAI —HTAI —OUTAI —UTAI —ATAI

he/she/it-IS—ING~ or

-IS-beING—ED

1 pl —OMEQA —WMEQA —OUMEQA — —OUMEQA —UMEQA —AMEQA

WE-ARE—ING~ or

-ARE-beING—ED

2 pl —ESQE —ASQE —EISQE — — OUSQE — —ASQE

YE-ARE—ING~ or

-ARE-beING—ED

3 pl —ONTAI —WNTAI —OUNTAI —hntai —OUNTAI —UNTAI —ANTAI

THEY-ARE—ING~ or

-ARE-beING—ED


vm AC mid pres ...

2 sg —ou

YOU-BE—ING~ or -BE-beING—ED

3 sg —e[i]sqw

LET-him/her/it-BE—ING~ or LET-him/her/it-BE-beING—ED

2 pl —e[i]sqe

YE-BE—ING~ or -BE-beING—ED

3 pl —e[i]sqwsan

LET-THEM-BE—ING~ or LET-THEM-BE-beING—ED

vs AC mid pres ...

1 sg —wmai

I-MAY-BE—ING~ or -MAY-BE-beING—ED

2 sg —h

YOU-MAY-BE—ING~ or -MAY-BE-beING—ED

3 sg —htai

he/she/it-MAY-BE—ING~ or -MAY-BE-beING—ED

1 pl —wmeqa

WE-MAY-BE—ING~ or -MAY-BE-beING—ED

2 pl —hsqe

YE-MAY-BE—ING~ or -MAY-BE-beING—ED

3 pl —wntai

THEY-MAY-BE—ING~ or -MAY-BE-beING—ED

vo AC mid pres ...

1 sg —aimhn

MAY-I-BE—ING~ or MAY-I-BE-beING—ED

3 sg —oito

MAY-he/she/it-BE—ING~ or MAY-he/she/it-BE-beING—ED

3 pl —ainto

MAY-THEY-BE—ING~ or MAY-THEY-BE-beING—ED


vp AC mid pres ...

nom sg m —MENOS nom pl m —MENOI

—ING~ or beING—ED —ING~ or beING—ED

f —MENH f —MENAI


n —MENON n —MENA


gen sg m —MENOU gen pl m —MENWN

OF—ING~ or OF-beING—ED OF—ING~ or OF-beING—ED

f —MENHS f —MENWN


n —MENOU n —MENWN


dat sg m —MENW dat pl m —MENOIS

to—ING~ or to-beING—ED to—ING~ or to-beING—ED

f —MENH f —MENAIS


n —MENW n —MENOIS


acc sg m —MENON acc pl m —MENOUS


f —MENHN f —MENAS


n —MENON n —MENA



vn AC mid fut (Substantive)

esesqai

TO-SHALL-BE-BEING~

vn AC mid fut

—sesqai

TO-SHALL-BE—ING~ or TO-SHALL-BE-beING—ED


vi AC mid fut ... (Substantive)

1 sg esomai

I-SHALL-BE-BEING~

2 sg esH

YOU-SHALL-BE-BEING~

3 sg esTAI

he/she/it-SHALL-BE-BEING~

1 pl esOMEQA

WE-SHALL-BE-BEING~

2 pl esESQE

YE-SHALL-BE-BEING~

3 pl esONTAI

THEY-SHALL-BE-BEING~

vi AC mid fut ...

1 sg —somai

I’LL-BE—ING~ or -’LL-BE-beING—ED

2 sg —sh

YOU’LL-BE—ING~ or -’LL-BE-beING—ED

3 sg —setai

he/she/it’LL-BE—ING~ or -’LL-BE-beING—ED

1 pl —someqa

WE’LL-BE—ING~ or -’LL-BE-beING—ED

2 pl —sesqe

YE’LL-BE—ING~ or -’LL-BE-beING—ED

3 pl —sontai

THEY’LL-BE—ING~ or -’LL-BE-beING—ED


vs AC mid fut ...

1 sg —swmai

I-SHOULD-BE—ING~ or -SHOULD-BE-beING—ED

2 sg —Sh

YOU-SHOULD-BE—ING~ or -SHOULD-BE-beING—ED

3 sg —shtai

he/she/it-SHOULD-BE—ING~ or -SHOULD-BE-beING—ED

1 pl —swmeqa

WE-SHOULD-BE—ING~ or -SHOULD-BE-beING—ED

2 pl —shsqe

YE-SHOULD-BE—ING~ or -SHOULD-BE-beING—ED

3 pl —swntai

THEY-SHOULD-BE—ING~ or -SHOULD-BE-beING—ED

vp AC mid fut ...

(Substantive)

acc sg n esomenon

SHALL-BEING~

vp AC mid fut ...

acc sg n —somenon

SHALL—ING~ or SHALL-beING—ED

nom pl m —SOMENOI

SHALL—ING~ or SHALL-beING—ED

gen pl n —somenwn

OF-SHALL—ING~ or OF-SHALL-beING—ED


vi ST mid past …

1 sg e-Reduplication—mhn

I-HAD—ED~ or -HAD-been—ED

2 sg e-Reduplication—so

YOU-HAD—ED~ or -HAD-been—ED

3 sg e-Reduplication—to

he/she/it-HAD—ED~ or -HAD-been—ED

1 pl e-Reduplication—meqa

WE-HAD—ED~ or -HAD-been—ED

2 pl e-Reduplication—sqe

YE-HAD—ED~ or -HAD-been—ED

3 pl e-Reduplication—nto

THEY-HAD—ED~ or -HAD-been—ED


vn ST mid pres ...

Reduplication—[es]qai

TO-HAVE—ED~ or TO-HAVE-been—ED

vi ST mid pres ...

1 sg Reduplication—mai

I-HAVE—ED~ or -HAVE-been—ED

2 sg Reduplication—sai

YOU-HAVE—ED~ or -HAVE-been—ED

3 sg Reduplication—tai

he/she/it-HAS—ED~ or -HAS-been—ED

1 pl Reduplication—meqa

WE-HAVE—ED~ or -HAVE-been—ED

2 pl Reduplication—sqe

YE-HAVE—ED~ or -HAVE-been—ED

3 pl Reduplication—ntai

THEY-HAVE—ED~ or -HAVE-been—ED

vm ST mid pres ....

2 sg Reduplication—SO

HAVE-YOU—ED~ or

HAVE-YOU-been—ED

2 pl Reduplication—sqe

HAVE-YE—ED~ or

HAVE-YE-been—ED


vp ST mid pres ...

nom sg m Reduplication—menos nom pl m Reduplication—menoi

HAVING—ED~ or HAVING-been—ED HAVING—ED~ or HAVING-been—ED

f Reduplication—menh f Reduplication—menai


n Reduplication—menon n Reduplication—mena


gen sg m Reduplication—menou gen pl m Reduplication—menwn

OF-HAVING—ED~ or OF-HAVING-been—ED OF-HAVING—ED~ or OF-HAVING-been—ED

f Reduplication—menhs f Reduplication—menwn


n Reduplication—menou n Reduplication—menwn


dat sg m Reduplication—menw dat pl m Reduplication—menois

to-HAVING—ED~ or to-HAVING-been—ED to-HAVING—ED~ or to-HAVING-been—ED

f Reduplication—menh f Reduplication—menais


n Reduplication—menw n Reduplication—menois


acc sg m Reduplication—menon acc pl m Reduplication—menous


f Reduplication—menhn f Reduplication—menas


n Reduplication—menon n Reduplication—mena


voc sg m Reduplication—mene

HAVING—ED~ or HAVING-been—ED


vi FA pas past …

1 sg e—qhn

I-WAS—ED

2 sg e—qhs

YOU-WERE—ED

3 sg e—qh

he/she/it-WAS—ED

1 pl e—qhmen

WE-WERE—ED

2 pl e—qhte

YE-WERE—ED

3 pl e—qhsan

THEY-WERE—ED


vn FA pas indef

vi FA pas indef …

1 sg e—sqhn

I-AM—ED

2 sg e—sqhs

YOU-ARE—ED

3 sg e—sqh

he/she/it-IS—ED

1 pl e—sqhmen

WE-ARE—ED

2 pl e—sqhte

YE-ARE—ED

3 pl e—sqhsan

THEY-ARE—ED

—qhnai

TO-BE—ED


vm AC pas pres …

2 sg —qhti

YOU-BE-BEING—ED

3 sg —qhtw

LET-him/her/it-BE-BEING—ED

2 pl —qhte

YE-BE-BEING—ED

3 pl —qhtwsan

LET-THEM-BE-BEING—ED

vs AC pas pres ...

1 sg —qw

I-MAY-BE-BEING—ED

2 sg —qhs

YOU-MAY-BE-BEING—ED

3 sg —qh

he/she/it-MAY-BE-BEING—ED

1 pl —qwmen

WE-MAY-BE-BEING—ED

2 pl —qhte

YE-MAY-BE-BEING—ED

3 pl —qwsin

THEY-MAY-BE-BEING—ED

vo AC pas pres ...

3 sg —qeih

MAY-he/she/it-BE-BEING—ED


vp AC pas pres ...

nom sg m —qeis nom pl m —qentes

BEING—ED BEING—ED

f —qeisa f —qeisai


n —qen n —qenta


gen sg m —qentos gen pl m —qentwn

OF-BEING—ED OF-BEING—ED

f —qeishs f —qeiswn


n —qentos n —qentwn


dat sg m —qenti dat pl m —qeisin

to-BEING—ED to-BEING—ED

f —qeish f —qeisais


n —qenti n —qeisin


acc sg m —qenta acc pl m —qentas


f —qeisan f —qeisas


n —qen n —qenta



vn AC pas fut

—QHSESQAI

TO-SHALL-BE-BEING-ED

vi AC pas fut ...

1 sg —qhsomai

I’LL-BE-BEING—ED

2 sg —qhsh

YOU’LL-BE-BEING—ED

3 sg —qhsetai

he/she/it’LL-BE-BEING—ED

1 pl —qhsomeqa

WE’LL-BE-BEING—ED

2 pl —qhsesqe

YE’LL-BE-BEING—ED

3 pl —qhsontai

THEY’LL-BE-BEING—ED

vs AC pas fut ...

1 sg —sqw

I-SHOULD-BE-BEING—ED

2 sg —sqhs

YOU-SHOULD-BE-BEING—ED

3 sg —sqh

he/she/it-SHOULD-BE-BEING—ED

1 pl —sqwmen

WE-SHOULD-BE-BEING—ED

2 pl —sqhte

YE-SHOULD-BE-BEING—ED

3 pl —sqwsin

THEY-SHOULD-BE-BEING—ED

introduction - scripture4allpartly follows the indefinite pronoun or is indefinite as a whole....

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