introduction overview of seveso directive and safety report requirements
DESCRIPTION
This project is funded by the European Union Projekat finansira Evropska Unija . INTRODUCTION Overview of SEVESO DIRECTIVE and SAFETY REPORT REQUIREMENTS. Ike van der Putte PhD Toxicology – EUROTOX registered MSc Environmental Sciences [email protected]. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
This Project is funded by the European Union
Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium
This project is funded by the European UnionProjekat finansira Evropska Unija
Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium
Projekat realizuje Human Dynamics Konzorcijum
INTRODUCTIONOVERVIEW OF SEVESO DIRECTIVE AND SAFETY REPORT REQUIREMENTS
Ike van der PuttePhD Toxicology – EUROTOX registeredMSc Environmental [email protected]
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Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium
THE SEVESO DIRECTIVE
Source: RPS/EC, DG Environment/ECENA
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Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium
PART I HISTORY AND BACKGROUND
Flixborough (UK), 1974
Seveso (IT), 1976
Bhopal (India), 1984
Basel (Sandoz), Switzerland, 1986
Mexico City, Mexico, 1986
Aznallcollar (ES), 1998
Baia Mare (RO), 2000
Toulouse (FR), 2001
Texas City (USA), 2005
Buncefield (UK), 2006
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Seveso, Italy, 1976-Manufacture of a bactericide- runaway reaction -emission of TCDD with dioxin-no fatalities, 447 burns, 737 long term evacuationsSevere environmental damageLack of information, no proper emergency plan
Flixborough Accident, 1974Release of 40 tonnes of cyclohexane massive vapour cloud explosion; 28 people killed (all on site). Basic cause was management failure
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Bhopal UC plant, 1984Pesticide (carbaryl) production.Water entered a tank containing 42 tons of MIC. The resulting exothermic reaction increased the temperature inside the tank to over 200 °Cand raised the pressure. The tank vented releasing toxic gases into the Atmosphere.Estimates vary on the immediate death toll (3000-15000)
Sandoz Warehouse on the Rhine, 1986A major environmental disaster caused by a fire and its subsequent extinguishing at an agrochemical storehouse, which released toxic agrochemicals into the air and resulted in tons of pollutants entering the Rhine river. The chemicals caused a massive mortality of wildlife downstream,
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Aznallcollar dam break, 1998
Baia Mare dam break, 2000resulted in the river Danube becoming polluted. Waste from gold mining ran into the river all theway to the Black Sea and affected drinking water
a holding dam burst at the Los Frailes mine, releasing 4–5 million cubic metres of mine tailings. The acidic tailings with high levels of heavy metals, reached the River Guadiana, which is the main water source for the Deanna National Park, one of the largest national parks in Europe.The cleanup operation: 3 years Estimated cost of €240 million.
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Enschede Firework Explosion, 2000
was the biggest accident seen in Europe in decades. The fireworks factory was based in the middle of the town. It killed more than 20 and injured over 300 people.
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Toulouse accident, 2001
An explosion of 300 tons of ammonium nitrate at a fertilizer plant killed 29 people,
Texas City accident, 2005
A fire and explosion occurred atin an isomerization unit at the refinery killing 15 workers and injuring more than 170 others
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Buncefield accident, 2006
Evidence shows that the main explosion probably resulted from the ignition of a vapour cloud emanating from Tank 912 in Bund A in the Hertfordshire Oil Storage A large fire ensued that engulfed 21 of the tanks on site.
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DATABASE ON MAJOR ACCIDENTS
(1984 - 2007)
• 603 accidents and near misses reported• ~ 66% due to management failure• ~10% caused environmental damage• ~66 % caused injuries or fatalities
eMARS - Major Accident Reporting System Database of "major accidents" reported under Seveso, OECD and UN-ECE Managed by the Major Accident Hazards Bureau (MAHB)http://emars.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
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DATABASE ON MAJOR ACCIDENTSLESSONS LEARNT
• Main cause - inadequate management• Inadequate design and maintenance• Inadequate decisions• Inability to take decisions• Cover-up of safety breaches and “Blame game” approach• Lack of safety culture – “Macho culture”, “Do-it-fast”• Inadequate assessment of the existing hazards and the associated
risks
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DATABASE ON MAJOR ACCIDENTSLESSONS LEARNT
• Main accident risks • Abnormal Operations
• Maintenance operations• Start-up or shutdown procedures• Unforeseen weather conditions• Loading/unloading operations• Nightshifts
• Inadequate Design & Maintenance Decisions• Bad Installations Design• Inadequate Maintenance & Operation procedures• Inadequate Design of Safety Equipment
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SEVESO DIRECTIVE – DEVELOPMENT RELATED TO MAJOR ACCIDENTS ...
1974: Flixborough, United Kingdom1976: Seveso, Italy1982: Original « Seveso Directive » adopted (82/501/EEC)1984: Bhopal, India1986: Basel, Switzerland9 Dec 1996: « Seveso II Directive » adopted (96/82/EC)3 Feb 1999: « Seveso II » must be applied in the Member
States of the European Union30 Jan 2000: Baia Mare, Romania15 May 2000: Enschede, Netherlands21 Sep 2001: Toulouse, France 16 Dec 2003: Amendment 2003/105/EC
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4
Seveso I - Objectives
Prevention of major accident hazards of certain industrial activities and isolated storageProtection of the public and the environmentProvision of information to AuthoritiesInformation to the public on riskCollection of major-accident data
(No MAPP + SMS explicitly required; focus on info to CA)
Seveso IILessons learned from major-accidents and the experience from Seveso I was incorporated into the Seveso II Regulations
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5
Objectives of Seveso II
Control of Major-Accident Hazards (COMAH) involving dangerous substancesImproved risk and accident managementLand-use planning controlsCatch all establishments with sufficient inventoryLays down principles for safety management
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Objectives of Seveso II (Continued)
Revised Safety ReportDomino effects to be consideredPublic access to informationEmergency plans to be revised and tested as necessaryInspection of plants across the EUMember states to provide information to the Commission
2003 – Amendment of Seveso IIBroader Scope – Tailing Ponds/explosives/ammonium nitrateExtended requirements for Risk Assessment
2015 – Seveso III
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IN TOTAL APPROX. 105 INSTALLATIONS
Upper tier plants: 46 installations
Lower tier plants: 59 installations
Safety report Accidents protection plan
PRELIMINARY LIST OF SEVESO PLANTS SERBIA
Accident prevention policy Notification
Ref. Ljiljana Stanojevic 2012
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SEVESO PLANTS IN REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Upper tier installations
Lower tier installations
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a
Total number of Seveso establishments in the whole EU in the years 2009 to 2011 (Report from the Commission Brussels, 28.6.2013 C(2013) 4035 final )
SEVESO Establishments in the EU
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Among the 49 activities used to categorize the Seveso establishments, seven activities contribute to 50% of establishments: – Fuel storage (including heating, retail sale, etc.); – Wholesale and retail storage and distribution (excluding LPG); – LPG storage; – General chemicals manufacture; – Production of basic organic chemicals; – Power generation, supply and distribution; – LPG production, bottling and bulk distribution.
Commission Report – SEVESO Establishments(2009 – 2011)
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Number of reported Major AccidentsCommission Report 2009 - 20011
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There is a general reducing trend in the number of fatalities and of injuries
reported over the last decade. The total number of fatalities went down from 27 in 2000 to 9 in 2010. In particular there has been no fatality off-site since 2006. The total number of injuries went down from 126 in 2000 to 23 in 2010.
Among the hazardous phenomena involved in the accidents reported in eMARS, toxic release appears to be the most frequent, for every year except 2002, 2003 and 2010, in which explosions and fires occurred more frequently. The main substance categories involved are:
– Toxic: 91 major accidents;
– Extremely flammable: 80 major accidents;
– Very toxic: 53 major accidents.
Fatalities, injuries and type of major accidents
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SEVESO III 2012/18/EU
First reading agreement on 27 March 2012
Adopted 4th July 2012
Published 24th July (OJ L 197/1)
Entry into force 13th August 2012
National transposition 31rd May 2015 Implementation 1st June 2015
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Seveso III
Main purpose – align scope to new international chemicals classification (CLP Regulation transposing GHS classification)
Clarify/improve - Inspections - Information to the public - Public participation - Access to justice
Main philosophy Seveso II remains
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Why do we need GHS?
GHS Danger (Skull & Cross Bones)Transport liquid: slightly toxic; solid: not classifiedEU Harmful (St Andrew’s Cross)US ToxicCAN ToxicAustralia HarmfulIndia Non-toxicJapan ToxicMalaysia HarmfulThailand HarmfulNew Zealand HazardousChina Not DangerousKorea Toxic
Substance - oral toxicity LD50 = 257 mg/kg
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PHILOSOPHY SEVESO
SafeManagement
SafeTechnology
Demonstrate safety in the Safety Report
EmergencyPlanning
Land-UsePlanning
Info
rmat
ion
to th
e Pu
blic
I N S P E C T I O N S
Accident Reporting and Lessons Learnt
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Inspections – Art 20Inspection plan (National, Regional or Local)covering all Seveso establishments, to include• general safety assessment• info on domino-effects• info on particular external risks/hazards• procedures for routine/non-routine inspections• cooperation between inspection authoritiesBased on this, competent authority to establishprogrammes for routine inspections includingfrequency of site visits
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Information – Art 14, Annex VAll establishments (also LT) - Annex V informationpermanently available electronically (info to the public)• dangerous substances• appropriate behaviour in case of an accident• last site visit (inspection) or electronic referenceindication where more info can be obtained upon request
UT - inform on main accident scenarios measuresUT - appropriate info from external emergency plansUT - inform if establishment close to other Member State
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For upper-tier establishments, Member States shall also ensure that:
(a)all persons likely to be affected by a major accident receive regularly and in the most appropriate form, without having to request it, clear and intelligible information on safety measures and requisite behaviour in the event of a major accident;
Article 14- Information to the Public: active provision of information – not just on request!
Information shall include at least ANNEX V info and supplied to allBuildings and areas of public use (schools, hospitals, neighbouring Establishments)
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Public participation – Art 15Article 15 – sets/refers to detailed procedural rulesin relation to participation in land use planning• specific individual projects (rules set)• general plans and programmes (reference toDirective 2003/35/EC)= inform public, duly take into accountcomments and motivate final decisionArticle 12(5) - public concerned must be givenearly opportunity to give its opinion on externalemergency plans
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Access to justice - Art 23Administrative AND judicial review ofacts/omissions in relation to requests for anyinformation held under the directiveAt least judicial review of acts/omissions in relationto cases of public participation on specific individualprojectsNo access to justice in relation to public participationon general plans and programmes/externalemergency plans, unless otherwise provided undernational law
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PART IISCOPE OF THE DIRECTIVE
ALL ESTABLISHMENTS WHICH STORE
DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES ABOVE
SPECIFIC THRESHOLDS
Exclusions:-Hazards from ionizing radiation-Transport outside the establishment-Landfills, quarries and mines-Offshore exploration-Military installations
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DEFINITIONSA MAJOR ACCIDENT
is a major emission, fire or explosion*, leading to serious danger to human health
and/or the environment, immediate or delayed, inside or outside an
establishment, involving one or more dangerous substances
*Resulting from uncontrolled developments in the course of operation of the establishement
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DEFINITIONS
AN ESTABLISHMENT is the whole area under the control of the
operator
AN INSTALLATIONis a technical unit within an establishment
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DEFINITIONS
HAZARDis an intrinsic property of a dangerous substance, with a potential for harm
RISKIs the likelihood of a specific effect
occurring
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DANGEROUS SUBSTANCESNamed Substances e.g. Sulphur trioxide or
Substances with certain generic hazardous properties e.g. Flammability
Now new CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008
The Classification is done according the EU Directives on Classification, Packaging and Labeling (67/548/EEC and 99/45/EC)
DEFINITIONS
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THRESHOLDS
Annex ITwo categories based on quantities storedLower TierUpper Tier
Upper Tier has more responsibilities
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REQUIREMENTSLOWER TIER
General ObligationsNotificationMajor Accident Prevention PolicyModificationsAccident ReportsCooperation with Authorities
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OBLIGATIONSUPPER TIER
Lower Tier Obligations
and
Safety Report
Internal Emergency Plans
Information to Public
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GENERAL OBLIGATIONSOF AN OPERATOR
To take all measures necessary to prevent major accidents and to limit their consequences
The operator must be able to “demonstrate” that the hazards are identified and all necessary measures are taken
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ROLE OF THE COMPETENT AUTHORITIES
Administrative, executive and enforcement responsibilities
Review of Documentation
Inspection
Prohibition of Activity if Serious deficiencies are present Documentation inadequate
Preparation and Testing of External Emergency Plans
Identification of possible Domino effects
Implementation of Land-use Policies
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DOMINO EFFECT
AN ACCIDENT ON ONE SEVESO SITE COULD AFFECT NEIGHBORING SEVESO SITES
Based on info (notification/SR) or requested by the CA the operators must exchange information and cooperate in the area of risk management, emergency response and public information
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MAPP
MAJOR ACCIDENT PREVENTION POLICY
Designed to guarantee a high level of protection for
Man and the Environment by appropriate Means,
Structures and Safety Management Systems
MAPP consists of
• Policy Statement
• Safety Management System
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MAPP
THE SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM1. Organisation and Personnel2. Identification and Evaluation of Hazards3. Operational Control4. Management of change5. Emergency Planning6. Performance Monitoring7. Audit and Review
Lower Tier - MAPP is a separate documentUpper Tier - MAPP is part of Safety Report
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SAFETY REPORTMUST CONTAIN
Major Accident Prevention PolicySafety Management SystemIdentification of HazardsAnalysis and Assessment of RiskAdequate Prevention/Limitation MeasuresInternal Emergency PlansInformation for Land-use Planning
Applies to Upper Tier Sites
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INTERNAL EMERGENCY PLAN
OBJECTIVESControlling incidents to minimise effects
Implementing protection measures
Communicating information to the Public and the Authorities
Providing for clean-up and restoration of the environment
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EXTERNAL EMERGENCY PLAN
To be prepared by the Local or National Designated Authority
The Operator must provide relevant information requested by the Authority
Details of the Plan to be communicated by the Authority to the Operator in order to ensure Compatibility of Internal & External EP
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PUBLIC INFORMATION
Information must be made available to the Public to include
The Safety ReportAn explanation of site activitiesNature and quantity of dangerous substancesNature of hazard posedHow the population will be alerted to an accident
Applies to Upper Tier Sites
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IF A MAJOR ACCIDENT OCCURS
Circumstances of the accidentDangerous substances involvedData available for assessing the effects
of the accidentEmergency actions undertaken
The CA must be informed of
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LEARNING FROM EXPERIENCE
The Directive requires that Member States and the Commission will exchange information and experience such as - Analysing the causes of accidents - Lessons learned - Measures necessary to prevent recurrence
Member States must report data on major accidents to the Commission
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IN SUMMARY
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SEVESO II DIRECTIVE - AIM
Accidental ( Continuous) Risksprevention of major accidents involving
dangerous substances limitation of the consequences of
accidents on man and the environmenthigh level of protectionfor man and the environment throughout the European Union
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SEVESO DIRECTIVE – SCOPE & MAIN OBLIGATIONS
Excluded Sector? (Article 4)
Seveso does not apply
What is the quantity of dangerous substances?
(Annex I)
Lower than lower tier
•Notification•Major Accident Prevention Policy (MAPP)•Domino Effects•Land-use planning•Inspection
Quantity above the lower threshold
Additionally:•Safety report (including MAPP and Safety Management System)•Emergency plans (internal and external)•Information to the public
Quantity above the
higher threshold
Yes
Nonuclear, transport, military
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SEVESO DIRECTIVE – SCOPE, METHODS
~ 4000 upper + ~ 4000 lower tier establishments storing dangerous substances -EU
Mainly chemical and petrochemical industry, storage, big industrial production and energy installations
Criteria: Hazard: Quantity of dangerous substances present
.. the Seveso II Directive contains no detailed procedures and guidelines for risk assessment and management.
A variety of such procedures is currently in use, employing different terminologies and underlying philosophies, making cross-comparison of results difficult.
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SEVESO DIRECTIVE – CONTROL MEASURES AIMED AT PREVENTION
Upper and lower tier:General obligationsNotificationMajor Accident Prevention PolicyDomino EffectsInspection by Competent Authorities
For upper tier only:Safety ReportSafety Management System
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Upper and lower tier:General obligationsLand-Use PlanningInformation to the Public
For upper tier only:Emergency PlanningMore information to the Public on MAH
SEVESO DIRECTIVE – CONTROL MEASURES AIMED ATLIMITATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES
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• to align Annex I to the Directive to changes to the EU system of classification of dangerous substances (CLP)
• to include corrective mechanisms to adapt Annex I in the future
• to strengthen the provisions relating to public access to safety information, participation in decision-making and access to justice,
• to introduce stricter standards for inspections of installations to ensure the effective implementation and enforcement of safety rules.
• Stricter Landuse planning requirements
As a result of the review process, on 21 December 2010 the Commission adopted a proposal for a new Directive, replacing the current SEVESO II Directive by 1 June 2015.
2015 – Seveso III
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CORRELATION WITH OTHER EU LEGISLATION
•CLP Directives• Definition of Hazardous Substances & Preparations
•REACH• Chemical Safety reports• New Studies on Chemicals – New Classification possible
•GHS• New Classification Rules – Downstream Effect
•Labour safety• Complementary to each other
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CORRELATION WITH OTHER EU LEGISLATION
IPPC Directive - Different scope
IPPC SITES
SEVESO SITES
IPPC SITES ONLYMinor and Major
Accidents
SEVESO SITES ONLYMajor Accidents
IPPC/SEVESO SITES Minor Accidents/Spills
IPPCMajor Accidents
Seveso
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CORRELATION WITH OTHER EU LEGISLATION
IPPC Directive•Synergies
• Use of management systems• Use of less hazardous materials at the site• Reduction in the volume of hazardous material stored at the site
•Differences• Seveso - protection of human health and environment from the negatife
effects of major accidents through prevention of major accidents using SMS• IPPC - protecting environment and human health on a long term basis by
preventing and minimising pollution through use of BAT and EMS•Potential Conflicts
• Safety over Environment ?• Siting of establishments• Technical measures
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CORRELATION WITH OTHER MULTILATERAL ENVIRONMENT AND CHEMICAL AGREEMENTS
•UNECE Convention• Seveso II Directive based on some of the
Requirements of the Convention• Safety Management System• Emergency Plan• Public Information and Participation
• Additional Requirements• Notification to Parties• Access to Justice for residents of affected Parties
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OTHER ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES
•SAICM• Goal – Chemical Safety throughout their Lifecycle• Stipulates Safe Technologies• Welcomes Public Information and Participation as well as International
Cooperation• Provides Platform for Knowledge Transfer and Capacity Building
•IFCS• Facilitation of international cooperation• Promotion of national chemicals management• Identification of gaps in scientific understanding• Promotion of Information Exchange and Technical Cooperation, • Advice to Governments on chemical safety
•OECD• Extensive Programme on Chemical Safety• Guiding Principles on several Topics• Wide ranging Cooperation
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REFERENCES
1. Chemical Accidents (Seveso I, II and III) - Prevention, Preparedness and Response http://ec.europa.eu/environment/seveso/
2. I.van der Putte. RENA- Working Group 4- ECENAhttp://www.renanetwork.org
3. Report on the Application in the Member States of Directive 96/82/EC on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances for the period 2009-2011 .Final REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION Brussels, 28.6.2013 C(2013) 4035