introduction of railway

7/31/2019 Introduction of Railway

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Rail: made of iron or steel. Connected to sleeperstwo rails connected by fastening

Ballast: sand stone size of 40 to 60 mm are usedare ballast. Slope is 1.5 :1 .

Embankment : filling of soil and aggregates.Sleepers: it can be wooden ,cast iron, concrete.

Rail supported on sleepers.

Sub-ballast :Prepared formation either in cuttingor embankment. made murrum,

gravel, and black trap metal


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Broad gauge : 1.676 m

Meter gauge : 1.000 m

Narrow gauge : 0.762 m

Light gauge : 0.610 m

In UK, USA STANDARD GAUGE IS 1.435 m


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Construction cost

Volume and nature of traffic

Development of area

Physical feature

Speed of train


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Continuous travelling by same train from origin todestination. So we can save time and money.

Movement of goods from origin to destination possible. Sosafety, securities possible and there is no need of loadingunloading. So breaking of goods, missing of goods avoided.

There is no requirement of large shed for storing goods.

In disaster like earthquake ,war, flood speedy transportationpossible.

At junction where two types of gauge exist, additionalarrangement of locomotive , train coach, wagon ,platform etcwill have to be provided.


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Hold the rail in proper position Support rail .

Hold the rail in proper level

Work as an elastic medium of transferring stresses

Provides stability

Sleeper types

Wooden sleeper

Iron sleeper

C.I. ,steel Prestressed concrete


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Low initial cost ,less maintenance

Easily lifted ,changed and effective packing

can be done

Environment effect like temp, moistureshould be minimum

Dimension of sleeper such that distributeheavy load without crushing


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In India length of rail is For B.G. 12.80 m

For M.G. 11.89

proposal for future B.G. 19.2 to 25.6USA and UK it is 30 m . If length increase give more stability

density of sleeper

No of sleeper / m of rail

n+ x , where n= length of rail

If l = 12.86 and 7 sleeper than density of sleeper is n + 4

In India it is n+3 to n+6


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Double headed Rail Bull headed Rail Flat footed Rail In India use flat footed rail

BG 55R ,wt in 55 Kg/m also 45 R ,35 RMG 45R, wt in 45 kg/m also 30 R ,25 RNG 25R , wt in 25 kg/m


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It provide smooth surface for moving wheels. Rail transmit various stress to sleepers.

Important role to resist stress like Braking effect

,Temperature effect

Inducing heavy stresses due to lateral andlongitudinal movement

Material of rail such type no tear and wear effectand no necessity of change it frequently


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Equally Distribute load of rail to below level Resist deflection of sleeper

To resist sleeper to slip

Proper drainage of rain water

Give elasticity to railway to resist shock andvibration.

Material used in ballast

Broken stone ,gravel, murrum, ash and cinders,kankar, brick bats, sand etc..


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Joint such that rail not deflected at ends. Less maintenance

It is durable

Sufficient gap between two joints forexpansion and contraction

Joints have more strength because 50 %stability is due to joints.

To change fish plate, to oiling we can easilyoperate it without disturbing railway.


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To provide uniform level

To maintain uniform gauge

To resist lateral gauge

To absorb impact/vibration

To allow expansion and contraction againstchange of temperature


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With reference to location of sleepers railjoints is following type

Supported type

Suspended type

Bridge

With reference to location of joints

Square joint Staggered joint


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To increase length by welding rail. In India welding 5 rails of 12.8 m and increase

length to 64 m

Object of welding Decrease no of joints so construction

maintenance decrease. To repair points and curve If ends of rail decrease due to wearing then

repair it by welding To increase life of rail To decrease creep and wear To increase stability


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Fish plate Dog spike

Bearing plate

Hook bolt

introduction of railway

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