INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

BIOL 2304/2101BIOL 2304/2101

Human AnatomyHuman Anatomy

Chapter objectivesChapter objectives1. Define anatomy and compare the different disciplines of anatomy1. Define anatomy and compare the different disciplines of anatomy

2. Recognize hierarchy of organization and relationship between levels: atoms, 2. Recognize hierarchy of organization and relationship between levels: atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organismmolecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ system, organism

3. Summarize the organ systems and their major functions3. Summarize the organ systems and their major functions

4. Discuss anatomical position4. Discuss anatomical position

5. Identify planes of section of the body5. Identify planes of section of the body

6. Understand and correctly use directional terms6. Understand and correctly use directional terms

7. Locate and identify abdominal regions7. Locate and identify abdominal regions

8. Identify body cavities, their subdivisions and membranes, as well as major 8. Identify body cavities, their subdivisions and membranes, as well as major organs found in eachorgans found in each

AnatomyAnatomy

– anatomyanatomy: : the study of the structural components the study of the structural components of the bodyof the body

– cytologycytology: : the study of the cellular components of the study of the cellular components of tissuestissues

– histology and ultrastructurehistology and ultrastructure: : the study of the study of microscopic anatomy and the structural microscopic anatomy and the structural components (tissues/cells) of the organs that components (tissues/cells) of the organs that make up the body. TEM and SEM provide make up the body. TEM and SEM provide ultrastructure.ultrastructure.

-- embryologyembryology:: the study of development the study of development after fertilizationafter fertilization

Levels of Structural OrganizationLevels of Structural Organization

Organ SystemsOrgan SystemsIntegumentary System (Skin)Integumentary System (Skin)

Skeletal SystemSkeletal SystemBones and Cartilage: Joints and LigamentsBones and Cartilage: Joints and Ligaments

Muscular SystemMuscular System

Skeletal muscleSkeletal muscle

and tendonsand tendons

Smooth muscleSmooth muscle

Cardiac muscleCardiac muscle

Nervous SystemNervous System

CNSCNS

PNSPNS

ANSANS

Circulatory SystemCirculatory System

BloodBlood

HeartHeart

Blood vesselsBlood vessels

--arteriesarteries

--veinsveins

--capilcapillarieslaries

Lymphatic and Immune SystemLymphatic and Immune System

Lymph organsLymph organs

-lymph nodes/vessels-lymph nodes/vessels

-spleen, thymus-spleen, thymus

-Peyers patches-Peyers patches

-tonsils-tonsils

Lymph (fluid)Lymph (fluid)

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System

nasal cavitynasal cavity

pharynxpharynx

larynxlarynx

tracheatrachea

bronchibronchi

bronchiolesbronchioles

lungslungs

Digestive SystemDigestive System

mouth, salivary glands,mouth, salivary glands,

teeth, tongueteeth, tongue

esophagusesophagus

stomachstomach

accessory organsaccessory organs

enteric NSenteric NS

small Intestinessmall Intestines

large intestineslarge intestines

rectumrectum

anusanus

Urinary SystemUrinary System

kidneyskidneys

uretersureters

bladderbladder

urethraurethra

Male Reproductive SystemMale Reproductive Systemtestestestes

epididymisepididymis

spermatic cordspermatic cord

accessory glandsaccessory glands– prostateprostate– seminal vesiclesseminal vesicles– bulbourethralbulbourethral

mons pubismons pubis

penispenis

Female Reproductive SystemFemale Reproductive System

ovariesovaries

fallopian tubesfallopian tubes

uterusuterus

vaginavagina

clitorisclitoris

mons pubismons pubis

mammary glandsmammary glands

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

hypothalamushypothalamuspituitarypituitarythyroidthyroidparathyroidparathyroidadrenal glandsadrenal glandspancreaspancreastestes/ovariestestes/ovariespinealpinealthymusthymus

Anatomical PositionAnatomical PositionBody facing forward, arms at side with palmsBody facing forward, arms at side with palms

facing forward.facing forward.

Body PlanesBody Planes

Mid-SagittalMid-Sagittal

Frontal/ Frontal/ CoronalCoronal

TransverseTransverse

ObliqueOblique

Anatomical TerminologyAnatomical Terminology 11

Anatomical Terminology 2Anatomical Terminology 2

Anatomical Terminology 3Anatomical Terminology 3

Body CavitiesBody Cavities

Anatomical Terminology 4aAnatomical Terminology 4a

Body Membranes:Body Membranes:SerousSerous

-Pleura-Pleura

visceralvisceral

parietalparietal

Anatomical Terminology 4bAnatomical Terminology 4b

Body Membranes:Body Membranes:SerousSerous

-Pericardium-Pericardium

visceralvisceral

parietalparietal

Anatomical Terminology 5Anatomical Terminology 5

Anatomical Terminology 6Anatomical Terminology 6

Abdominal regionsAbdominal regions

Anatomical terminology 7Anatomical terminology 7

Abdominal cavityAbdominal cavity

AbdominopelvicAbdominopelvic

cavity cavity

Anatomical Terminology 8Anatomical Terminology 8

Thoracic cavity-mid sagittal planeThoracic cavity-mid sagittal plane

Anatomical Terminology 9Anatomical Terminology 9