introduction and overview 吳俊興...
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction And Overview
吳俊興國立高雄大學 資訊工程學系
CST543 – Internet of Things物聯網
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Outline
• Introduction• What IoT – Comparative Views– Computing - SoC– Power– Networking
• Why IoT– Visions– Applications
• Summary
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Internet of Things (IoT)
• The network of physical objects or “things”– Embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and
connectivity• Related terms: Internet Appliance, Embedded Systems,
Ubiquitous/Pervasive Computing, Sensor Networks, …– Being able to collect and exchange data
• Things-generated data v.s. Human-generated data
• The term “Internet of Things” coined by Britishentrepreneur Kevin Ashton in 1999– The IoT will consist of almost 50 billion objects by 2020
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• Wiki: interconnection of uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices within the existing Internet infrastructure– ‘Things’-oriented
• Rather than computer-oriented• Probably limited power, limited resources
– Internet-based• Thing-generated data
– Continuous / periodic / event-based• Uniquely identifiable• Always v.s. On-demand connected• Intelligent/Smart devices
(Automatically manageable)
Internet of Things (IoT)
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IoT under Cloud
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IoT: Transporting Big Data of Small Things under Cloud
InfrastructureIaaS
Server
PlatformPaaS
Application/SoftwareSaaS
Client
Har
dwar
eSo
ftwar
eVirtualization
Service
Cloud / Big Data
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Gartner’s View of the IoT Ecosystem
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Outline
• Introduction• What IoT – Comparative Views– Computing - SoC– Power– Networking
• Why IoT– Visions– Applications
• Summary
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Elements of a Typical Microcomputer
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What to Be Equipped
Output
Input
UserSpeaker / Display /
VibratorPrinter
Machine
Actuators
UserKeyboard / Mouse / Touchpad / Microphone / Scanner / Camera
Computer Internet Appliance
Machine
Sensors Cloud Computing
Embedded Devices+
Internet=
IoT
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Computing → Storage → Networking → Sensing and ActingUser-data → Machine data (Sensed data from devices / Control data to device)
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How to be Powered
• Electronic-powered• Battery-powered (w or w/o Chargable)• Self-powered / Solar (+ Battery)• Contactless-powered
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How to Connect
• No – standalone• Communication with analog signals• Communication with digital signals (Layer 1 orLayer 2)
• Communication with Internet packets (Layer 3)
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Thing (Physical Object)
Elements of an IoT-Enabled Object
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CPU
Memory Unit
RAM ROM
InputDevices
Sensors
I/ODevices
(Storage)Networking
Power
• Solar / Wired / Contactless• Battery• Charging
SoC
(User)
BigData
Cloud
OutputDevices
Actuators
•Analog/Digital Signal v.s. IP Packet•Things-generated Data v.s.Human-generated Data
•D2D/M2M Communication•Identification•Layer 2 / 3 / 5
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System on a Chip (SoC)
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Apple Watch
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Sensor Devices are Becoming Widely Available- Programmable devices
- Off-the-shelf gadgets/tools- Environment sensors
- Current, Voltage, Watt, …- Temperature, Humidity, Gas, PM2.5,…- IR, Distance, Noise, Radio, …
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Intel Curie Module
• For Wearable Devices, Unveiled Jan 2015– A low-power, 32-bit Intel® Quark™ SE SoC– 384kB Flash memory, 80kB SRAM– A low-power integrated DSP sensor hub and pattern-
matching technology– Bluetooth Low Energy– 6-axis combo sensor with accelerometer and gyroscope– Battery charging circuitry (PMIC)
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Samsung ARTIK• ARTIK 1 (12mm*12mm) for Wearable Devices
– Dual Core @250MHZ+@80MHz– 1MB on-chip + 4MB SPI Flash– WVGA (800*480) Display– Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) 4.0– PMIC: 5 Buck converters + 25 LDOs
• ARTIK 5 (29mm * 25mm)• ARTiK10 (39mm * 29mm)
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Arduino Yun (€52.00 + VAT)
• AVR Arduino microcontroller– Microcontroller ATmega32U4– Operating Voltage 5V– Digital I/O Pins 20– PWM Channels 7– Analog Input Pins 12– DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA– DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA– Flash Memory 32 KB– SRAM 2.5 KB– EEPROM 1 KB– Clock Speed 16 MHz 19
• Linux Microprocessor (Atheros AR9331)– Architecture MIPS @400MHz– Operating Voltage 3.3V– Ethernet IEEE 802.3 10/100Mbit/s– WiFi IEEE 802.11b/g/n– USB Type-A 2.0 Host– Card Reader Micro-SD only– RAM 64 MB DDR2– Flash Memory 16 MB– SRAM 2.5 KB– EEPROM 1 KB– Clock Speed 16 MHz
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Raspberry Pi 2 Model B ($35USD)• Release date February 2015; 7 months ago
– CPU 900 MHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A7– Memory 1 GB RAM– OS Linux, FreeBSD, Windows 10 IoT– Graphics Broadcom VideoCore IV– Combined 3.5mm audio jack and composite video– Camera interface (CSI)– Display interface (DSI)– USB 4 ports– GPIO 40 pins– Full HDMI port– Ethernet port– Storage MicroSDHC slot– Power 4.0 W
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World of Internet – Edge Views
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Sensors / Actuators
Internet
Device-to-DeviceThings
Things-centricdata
User-centricdata
AccessNetworks
SensorNetworks
Software-Defined
Networks
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Comparing Web and IoT Protocols
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NFC / RFID / Bluetooth LE / ZigBee(802.15.4)WiFi / ISA 100.11a / ISO Dash7 / 5G
Ethernet/PowerLine• Full Internet device• High performance
• Limited Internet device• High usability• Optimized IP/Web access
Application Layer
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Link Layer
Physical Layer
(RPL)
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WLAN and WPAN (Layer 1 and Layer 2)• Short-range point-to-point communications
– IrDA (Infrared Data)– RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification)– NFC (Near Field Communication) – based on RFID– Wireless USB– DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication)
• Wireless sensor networks / WPAN (802.15)– 802.15.1 - BlueTooth– 802.15.4 (Low Rate) - ZigBee– 802.15.3 (High Rate / Ultra-Wide Band)
• WirelessHD / Intel WirelessDisplay (WiDi)– 802.15.5 (Mesh Networking / Ad Hoc)– 802.15.6 (Body Area Networks)
• WLAN (802.11)– WiFi / WiGig (802.11)
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Messaging Protocols
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IoT Operating Systems
• Embedded/Real-Time OS
– Mainly for MCU
– i.e. FreeRTOS, TinyOS, Contiki, RIOT
– ARM mbed
• Generic OS
– For ARM or above CPU
– Linux-based / Apple iOS / Microsoft’s Windows 10
– Google Brillo
• Weave Protocol 25
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Outline
• Introduction• What IoT – Comparative Views– Computing - SoC– Power– Networking
• Why IoT– Visions– Applications
• Summary
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IoT Visions• UN (2005): “A new era of ubiquity is coming where humans may
become the minority as generators and receivers of traffic andchanges brought about by the Internet will be dwarfed by thoseprompted by the networking of everyday objects”
• ITU: ‘‘From anytime, anyplace connectivity for anyone, we will nowhave connectivity for anything”
• EU: ‘‘Things having identities and virtual personalities operating insmart spaces using intelligent interfaces to connect and communicatewithin social, environmental, and user contexts”
• US National Intelligence Council: ‘‘By 2025 Internet nodes may residein everyday things – food packages, furniture, paper documents, andmore”
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Anything Digitalized SoC-InsideAnytime / Anywhere Connected Internet-Outside
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Realtime InformationBetter decision making
Safety & SecurityBetter living standards
Aging PopulationRequires better care
LifestyleConvenience
Limited ResourcesRequires conservation
Information GenerationMeasurements and tracking
Govt. InitiativesBetter citizen services
InnovationNew business
models
IoT Visions
Really Promises?
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Applications
Smart Cities
Smart Water
Smart Grid
Smart Farming
Industrial Control
Smart Environment
Safety and Security
Smart HomeseHealthcare
Smart Retail
Customer Service
Smart Logistics
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IoT Applications
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Smart Cities Smart Cities
StructuralHealth
SmartParking
NoiseDetection
SmartRoads
WasteManagement
SmartLighting
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Values of A Smart City
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Smart Environment
Snow LevelMonitoringForest Fire Detection
Air PollutionMonitoring EMF Level Detection
Landslide andAvalanche Detection
Earthquake EarlyDetection
Smart Environment
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Safety, Security and Emergencies
LeakageDetection
RadiationLevels
Access Control Explosive andHazardous
Gases
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Safety and Security
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Smart Water
Quality ofDrinking
Water
SwimmingPool
Maintenance
WaterMetering
RiverMonitoring
SeaMonitoring
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Smart Water
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Smart Farming
PrecisionFarming
Green Houses SmartIrrigation
Micro-weather
Forecasting
Smart AnimalFarming
Smart Farming
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Smart Retail
Supply ChainControl
IntelligentShopping
Smart ProductManagement
NFC Payment
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Smart Retail
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eHealthcare
Fall Detection PatientMonitoring
SportsmanCare
Women &Child Care
UV RadiationDetection
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eHealthCare
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SmartAssembly
VisibleFactory
Plant Alarms Item Tracking
Industrial Control
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Smart Logistics
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Quality of Shipment
Conditions
Item LocationTracking
WarehouseMonitoring
Fleet Tracking
Smart Logistics
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Smart Homes
Measurementof Energy andWater Usage
SmartLighting
ApplianceControl
IntrusionDetection
PetMonitoring
Smart Homes
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Optimal living Improvedliving
standards
Empowerspeople
New business Job creationopportunities
Future for thenext generations
Economicdevelopment
Social Impacts
Implications of IoT on the Physical World
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Summary• IoT – A New Thing with Many Old Objects
– Open, Interoperability, Scalability– Security and Privacy
• IoT – A Big Thing– Big Technology?– Big Value?
• IoT – More Small Things, really– Small challenge?– Small entry barrier?
• IoT – Right Thing, actually– Right idea– Right solution– Right time and right place
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Assignment #1• Find partners to have a group• Think about 10 topics that you may be interested• Have a group discussion to review each’s list– For each’s 10 topics, each person votes three to get the
most interested three• Serious discussions are encouraged
• Pool together each’s 3 most-interested topics, repeatthe last step to get the most interested three of all
• Submission– Each person: 10 topics, and pick details– Group: 3 * MemberNumber, and the final three
• Give 3 reasons for each of the final three
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