Introduction and Challenges

Introduction ◦ Applicability of MS1723 method

Methodology ◦ Simultaneous isokinetic sampling at inlet & outlet

◦ Dust analysis (gravimetric for weight and laser diffraction for PSD analysis)

◦ Calculation formulas

Sample results ◦ table and graphs

Challenges in sampling ◦ Factors resulting to inconclusive results

Ways to improve accuracy

Applicability of MS1723 ◦ Performance evaluation for mechanical dust

collector

defined as a device which separates dust in a dry state from gas through the application of inertial and gravitational forces only

E.g. – settling chamber, cyclones

◦ Valid for confined flow system

No leakage along ducting

Simultaneous isokinetic sampling at both inlet and outlet of dust collector ◦ Using MS1596:2003 method, measure particulate

concentrations

Consists of two teams (1 at inlet, 1 at outlet)

A coordinator needed (coordinate both teams, log plant conditions)

◦ Samples collected to be analyzed at accredited laboratory

Mass determination (gravimetric)

Collected samples further analysed for particle size distribution (PSD) ◦ Using ISO-13320 method (particle size analysis –

laser diffraction method)

◦ Analyze at least 64 intervals of particle sizes

◦ Size range to be analyzed between 0.1 to 200 micron,

analysis shall always correspond to sizes present in flue gas

Collection of dust must be simultaneous - at same time both inlet and outlet

Minimum of 3 tests ◦ 2 conclusive tests required

Preparation before sampling ◦ Choose the most suitable inlet & outlet sampling

points

◦ Coordinator must choose suitable location

Can see both isokinetic teams

If not possible, use 2-way radios (walkie talkie)

Testing procedure ◦ Follow MS1596 method

Coordinator to control the sampling times for both inlet and outlet teams.

Must be at the same time

Process conditions to be recorded

plant capacities, type of fuel, excess air, temp, pressure, etc.

Repeat tests 3 times

Efficiency of dust collector:

where cin : dust concentration before dust collector

cout : dust concentration after dust collector

Relative outlet PSD (in terms of inlet PSD):

where mi,out : mass per particle size interval after dust collector

Note:

All particle size distribution (mi,in and mi,out shall be normalized to 100)

Grade efficiency:

where mi,in : mass per particle size interval before dust collector

Source: Boiler in POM, fuel=Palm shell & fiber Type of dust collector : Multicyclone

Inlet Test Sampling time Static P Temp. Water cont. O2 cont. CO2 cont. Velocity Flowrate Dust conc.

Time (hrs) # minutes "H20 oC % % % m/s Nm3/hr g/Nm3

0905 – 1030 1 60 -7.50 172.1 7.0218 12.9 5.4 9.66 39510.82 4.2629

1145 – 1305 2 60 -7.60 174.8 7.0102 12.8 5.6 9.67 39298.65 4.2134

1400 – 1520 3 60 -7.60 175.5 6.9626 12.7 5.6 9.78 39685.72 4.1002

Outlet Test Sampling time Static P Temp. Water cont. O2 cont. CO2 cont. Velocity Flowrate Dust conc.

Time (hrs) # minutes "H20 oC % % % m/s Nm3/hr g/Nm3

0905 – 1030 1 60 -0.60 170.5 6.9626 13.0 5.2 24.68 37164.29 0.2653

1145 – 1305 2 60 -0.61 170.8 7.0453 13.2 5.2 24.68 37163.72 0.4345

1400 – 1520 3 60 -0.60 171.0 7.4737 13.2 5.2 24.66 37268.31 0.4366

Inlet duct: rectangle,

2.10x0.84m A=1.76 m2

Outlet duct: circular,

dia=0.9m A=0.64 m2

Test 1 Test 1 Test 2 Test 2 Test 3 Test 3 Average Average

Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet

Dust concentration (g/m3N)

4.2629 0.2653 4.2134 0.4345 4.1002 0.4366 4.1922 0.3788

Efficiency (mass basis)

0.9378 0.8969 0.8935 0.9094

Note : Dust concentration in dry basis, at STP, expressed at 12.0% CO2

Size

under

(um)

Particle Size Distribution Particle Size Distribution

Test 1 Test 2 Test 3

Avg

Test 1 Test 2 Test 3

Avg

Inlet Inlet Inlet Outlet Outlet Outlet

Mass in band (%) Mass in band (%)

0.100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.110 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.120 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.132 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.145 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.158 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.174 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.191 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.209 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.229 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.251 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.275 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.302 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.331 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.363 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.398 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.437 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01

0.479 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.02

0.525 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.03

0.575 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.03

0.631 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.03

0.692 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.04

0.759 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.04

0.832 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.03

0.912 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.03

1.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.03

Size

under

(um)

Particle Size Distribution Particle Size Distribution

Test 1 Test 2 Test 3

Avg

Test 1 Test 2

Test

3

Avg

Inlet Inlet Inlet Outlet Outlet Outlet

Mass in band (%) Mass in band (%)

1.096 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.03

1.202 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.02

1.318 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.02

1.445 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.02

1.585 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.02

1.738 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.02

1.905 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.03

2.089 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.03

2.291 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.03

2.512 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.04

2.754 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.03 0.00 0.06

3.020 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.06 0.03 0.08

3.311 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.19 0.06 0.05 0.10

3.631 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.22 0.07 0.06 0.12

3.981 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.25 0.09 0.08 0.14

4.365 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.06 0.28 0.10 0.09 0.16

4.786 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.31 0.11 0.10 0.17

5.248 0.09 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.34 0.12 0.11 0.19

5.754 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.37 0.13 0.12 0.21

6.310 0.08 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.40 0.13 0.13 0.22

6.918 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.44 0.13 0.12 0.23

7.586 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.48 0.13 0.12 0.24

8.318 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.13 0.11 0.25

9.120 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.13 0.11 0.27

10.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.66 0.14 0.10 0.30

Size

under

(um)

Particle Size Distribution Particle Size Distribution

Test 1 Test 2 Test 3

Avg

Test 1 Test 2 Test 3

Avg

Inlet Inlet Inlet Outlet Outlet Outlet

Mass in band (%) Mass in band (%)

10.965 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.76 0.16 0.11 0.34

12.023 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.89 0.20 0.13 0.41

13.183 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.03 1.06 0.26 0.17 0.50

14.454 0.11 0.14 0.11 0.12 1.27 0.34 0.25 0.62

15.849 0.26 0.29 0.18 0.24 1.51 0.46 0.36 0.78

17.378 0.45 0.49 0.29 0.41 1.79 0.62 0.52 0.98

19.055 0.70 0.74 0.42 0.62 2.11 0.81 0.72 1.21

20.893 1.01 1.05 0.59 0.88 2.44 1.03 0.97 1.48

22.909 1.37 1.40 0.79 1.19 2.80 1.29 1.27 1.79

25.119 1.77 1.79 1.01 1.52 3.14 1.57 1.60 2.10

27.542 2.20 2.20 1.25 1.88 3.47 1.87 1.96 2.43

30.200 2.65 2.61 1.51 2.26 3.76 2.17 2.33 2.75

33.113 3.08 3.02 1.78 2.63 4.01 2.47 2.71 3.06

36.308 3.49 3.39 2.04 2.97 4.19 2.74 3.06 3.33

39.811 3.86 3.72 2.30 3.29 4.30 2.99 3.39 3.56

43.652 4.18 4.00 2.54 3.57 4.33 3.21 3.67 3.74

47.863 4.42 4.20 2.75 3.79 4.29 3.38 3.90 3.86

52.481 4.59 4.35 2.95 3.96 4.18 3.52 4.06 3.92

57.544 4.67 4.41 3.11 4.06 4.01 3.61 4.15 3.92

63.096 4.68 4.42 3.25 4.12 3.80 3.66 4.18 3.88

69.183 4.61 4.36 3.37 4.11 3.55 3.67 4.15 3.79

75.858 4.47 4.25 3.45 4.06 3.29 3.65 4.05 3.66

83.176 4.28 4.11 3.51 3.97 3.03 3.60 3.92 3.52

91.201 4.02 3.92 3.55 3.83 2.77 3.52 3.74 3.34

100.00 3.74 3.72 3.57 3.68 2.55 3.43 3.54 3.17

Size

under

(um)

Particle Size Distribution Particle Size Distribution

Test 1 Test 2 Test 3

Avg

Test 1 Test 2 Test 3

Avg

Inlet Inlet Inlet Outlet Outlet Outlet

Mass in band (%) Mass in band (%)

109.648 3.42 3.50 3.56 3.49 2.35 3.33 3.32 3.00

120.226 3.09 3.27 3.53 3.30 2.17 3.21 3.08 2.82

131.826 2.76 3.04 3.48 3.09 2.03 3.08 2.85 2.65

144.544 2.44 2.81 3.40 2.88 1.91 2.95 2.62 2.49

158.489 2.14 2.58 3.30 2.67 1.81 2.81 2.40 2.34

173.780 1.87 2.36 3.17 2.47 1.71 2.66 2.18 2.18

190.546 1.65 2.15 3.03 2.28 1.61 2.51 1.97 2.03

208.930 1.47 1.95 2.86 2.09 1.49 2.36 1.78 1.88

229.087 1.34 1.76 2.68 1.93 1.34 2.21 1.59 1.71

251.189 1.26 1.59 2.48 1.78 1.14 2.06 1.42 1.54

275.423 1.22 1.45 2.28 1.65 0.93 1.91 1.26 1.37

301.995 1.22 1.32 2.08 1.54 0.72 1.78 1.12 1.21

331.131 1.23 1.20 1.88 1.44 0.34 1.65 1.00 1.00

363.078 1.26 1.11 1.70 1.36 0.11 1.53 0.89 0.84

398.107 1.27 1.03 1.54 1.28 0.03 1.42 0.81 0.75

436.516 1.26 0.95 1.39 1.20 0.00 1.31 0.74 0.68

478.630 1.21 0.88 1.27 1.12 0.00 1.20 0.69 0.63

524.807 1.13 0.80 1.18 1.04 0.00 1.10 0.67 0.59

575.440 1.02 0.72 1.10 0.95 0.00 0.98 0.66 0.55

630.957 0.86 0.63 1.05 0.85 0.00 0.87 0.66 0.51

691.831 0.71 0.53 1.00 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.68 0.48

758.578 0.53 0.43 0.97 0.64 0.00 0.63 0.71 0.45

831.764 0.25 0.33 0.94 0.51 0.00 0.50 0.74 0.41

912.011 0.12 0.22 0.90 0.41 0.00 0.38 0.77 0.38

1000.00 0.02 0.11 0.84 0.32 0.00 0.29 0.79 0.36

TOTAL 100.0 99.9 96.4 98.8 100.0 99.3 95.6 98.3

Size

under

(um)

TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3

Mass in band

(%) Effici

ency

per

partic

le

size

Mass in band

(%) Effici

ency

per

partic

le

size

Mass in band

(%) Effici

ency

per

partic

le

size

Inlet

Outle

t

relati

ve

Inlet

Outl

et

relat

ive

Inlet

Outle

t

relati

ve

0.100 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.110 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.120 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.132 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.145 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.158 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.174 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.191 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.209 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.229 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.251 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.275 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.302 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.331 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.363 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.398 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.437 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.479 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.525 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.575 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.631 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.692 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.759 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.832 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

0.912 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

1.00 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

Size

under

(um)

TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3

Mass in band

(%) Effici

ency

per

partic

le

size

Mass in band

(%) Effici

ency

per

partic

le

size

Mass in band

(%) Effici

ency

per

partic

le

size

Inlet

Outle

t

relati

ve

Inlet

Outl

et

relat

ive

Inlet

Outle

t

relati

ve

1.10 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

1.20 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

1.32 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

1.45 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

1.59 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

1.74 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

1.91 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

2.09 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

2.29 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

2.51 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

2.75 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na 0.00 0.00 na

3.02 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.00 na

3.31 0.04 0.01 0.70 0.02 0.01 0.69 0.00 0.01 na

3.63 0.05 0.01 0.73 0.05 0.01 0.85 0.01 0.01 0.36

3.98 0.06 0.02 0.74 0.06 0.01 0.84 0.03 0.01 0.71

4.37 0.07 0.02 0.75 0.07 0.01 0.85 0.04 0.01 0.76

4.79 0.08 0.02 0.76 0.08 0.01 0.86 0.05 0.01 0.79

5.25 0.09 0.02 0.76 0.08 0.01 0.84 0.05 0.01 0.76

5.75 0.08 0.02 0.71 0.08 0.01 0.83 0.05 0.01 0.74

6.31 0.08 0.02 0.69 0.07 0.01 0.81 0.05 0.01 0.72

6.92 0.06 0.03 0.54 0.05 0.01 0.73 0.05 0.01 0.74

7.59 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.33 0.02 0.01 0.36

8.32 0.00 0.03 na 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.01 na

9.12 0.00 0.04 na 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.01 na

10.0 0.00 0.04 na 0.00 0.01 na 0.00 0.01 na

Size

under

(um)

TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3

Mass in band

(%) Efficie

ncy

per

particl

e size

Mass in band

(%) Efficie

ncy

per

particl

e size

Mass in band

(%) Efficie

ncy

per

particl

e size Inlet

Outlet

relativ

e

Inlet

Outle

t

relati

ve

Inlet

Outlet

relativ

e

11.0 0.00 0.05 na 0.00 0.02 na 0.00 0.01 na

12.0 0.00 0.06 na 0.00 0.02 na 0.01 0.01 -0.39

13.2 0.00 0.07 na 0.03 0.03 0.10 0.06 0.02 0.70

14.5 0.11 0.08 0.28 0.14 0.04 0.75 0.11 0.03 0.76

15.8 0.26 0.09 0.64 0.29 0.05 0.84 0.19 0.04 0.79

17.4 0.45 0.11 0.75 0.49 0.06 0.87 0.30 0.06 0.81

19.1 0.70 0.13 0.81 0.74 0.08 0.89 0.44 0.08 0.82

20.9 1.01 0.15 0.85 1.05 0.11 0.90 0.61 0.11 0.82

22.9 1.37 0.17 0.87 1.40 0.13 0.90 0.82 0.14 0.83

25.1 1.77 0.20 0.89 1.79 0.16 0.91 1.05 0.18 0.83

27.5 2.20 0.22 0.90 2.20 0.19 0.91 1.30 0.22 0.83

30.2 2.65 0.23 0.91 2.61 0.23 0.91 1.57 0.26 0.83

33.1 3.08 0.25 0.92 3.02 0.26 0.92 1.85 0.30 0.84

36.3 3.49 0.26 0.93 3.39 0.28 0.92 2.12 0.34 0.84

39.8 3.86 0.27 0.93 3.72 0.31 0.92 2.39 0.38 0.84

43.7 4.18 0.27 0.94 4.00 0.33 0.92 2.64 0.41 0.85

47.9 4.42 0.27 0.94 4.20 0.35 0.92 2.85 0.43 0.85

52.5 4.59 0.26 0.94 4.35 0.37 0.92 3.06 0.45 0.85

57.5 4.67 0.25 0.95 4.41 0.38 0.92 3.23 0.46 0.86

63.1 4.68 0.24 0.95 4.42 0.38 0.91 3.37 0.47 0.86

69.2 4.61 0.22 0.95 4.36 0.38 0.91 3.50 0.46 0.87

75.9 4.47 0.20 0.95 4.25 0.38 0.91 3.58 0.45 0.87

83.2 4.28 0.19 0.96 4.11 0.37 0.91 3.64 0.44 0.88

91.2 4.02 0.17 0.96 3.92 0.37 0.91 3.68 0.42 0.89

100 3.74 0.16 0.96 3.72 0.36 0.90 3.71 0.39 0.89

Size

under

(um)

TEST 1 TEST 2 TEST 3

Mass in band

(%) Efficie

ncy

per

partic

le

size

Mass in band

(%) Efficie

ncy

per

partic

le

size

Mass in band

(%) Efficie

ncy

per

partic

le

size

Inlet

Outlet

relativ

e

Inlet

Outl

et

relati

ve

Inlet

Outlet

relativ

e

110 3.42 0.15 0.96 3.50 0.35 0.90 3.69 0.37 0.90

120 3.09 0.14 0.96 3.27 0.33 0.90 3.66 0.34 0.91

132 2.76 0.13 0.95 3.04 0.32 0.89 3.61 0.32 0.91

145 2.44 0.12 0.95 2.81 0.31 0.89 3.53 0.29 0.92

158 2.14 0.11 0.95 2.58 0.29 0.89 3.43 0.27 0.92

174 1.87 0.11 0.94 2.36 0.28 0.88 3.29 0.24 0.93

191 1.65 0.10 0.94 2.15 0.26 0.88 3.14 0.22 0.93

209 1.47 0.09 0.94 1.95 0.25 0.87 2.97 0.20 0.93

229 1.34 0.08 0.94 1.76 0.23 0.87 2.78 0.18 0.94

251 1.26 0.07 0.94 1.59 0.21 0.87 2.57 0.16 0.94

275 1.22 0.06 0.95 1.45 0.20 0.86 2.37 0.14 0.94

302 1.22 0.04 0.96 1.32 0.18 0.86 2.16 0.12 0.94

331 1.23 0.02 0.98 1.20 0.17 0.86 1.95 0.11 0.94

363 1.26 0.01 0.99 1.11 0.16 0.86 1.76 0.10 0.94

398 1.27 0.00 1.00 1.03 0.15 0.86 1.60 0.09 0.94

437 1.26 0.00 1.00 0.95 0.14 0.86 1.44 0.08 0.94

479 1.21 0.00 1.00 0.88 0.12 0.86 1.32 0.08 0.94

525 1.13 0.00 1.00 0.80 0.11 0.86 1.22 0.07 0.94

575 1.02 0.00 1.00 0.72 0.10 0.86 1.14 0.07 0.94

631 0.86 0.00 1.00 0.63 0.09 0.86 1.09 0.07 0.93

692 0.71 0.00 1.00 0.53 0.08 0.85 1.04 0.08 0.93

759 0.53 0.00 1.00 0.43 0.07 0.85 1.01 0.08 0.92

832 0.25 0.00 1.00 0.33 0.05 0.84 0.98 0.08 0.92

912 0.12 0.00 1.00 0.22 0.04 0.82 0.93 0.09 0.91

1000 0.02 0.00 1.00 0.11 0.03 0.73 0.87 0.09 0.90

Test is conclusive if: ◦ Highest difference between grade efficiencies is

Sizes below 25.119 micron can be exempted, due to

Sizes below 25.119 micron can be exempted, due to

Grade efficiency

Max.

Diff

Test Test Test Average Test Test Test Size under

(um) 1 2 3 Test 2-3 1-2 2-3 1-3

14.454 0.28 0.75 0.76 0.75 0.47 0.01 0.47

15.849 0.64 0.84 0.79 0.81 0.20 0.05 0.15

17.378 0.75 0.87 0.81 0.84 0.12 0.06 0.06

19.055 0.81 0.89 0.82 0.85 0.07 0.07 0.00

20.893 0.85 0.90 0.82 0.86 0.05 0.07 0.03

22.909 0.87 0.90 0.83 0.87 0.03 0.08 0.05

25.119 0.89 0.91 0.83 0.87 0.02 0.08 0.06

27.542 0.90 0.91 0.83 0.87 0.01 0.08 0.07

30.200 0.91 0.91 0.83 0.87 0.00 0.08 0.08

33.113 0.92 0.92 0.84 0.88 0.00 0.08 0.08

36.308 0.93 0.92 0.84 0.88 0.01 0.08 0.09

39.811 0.93 0.92 0.84 0.88 0.01 0.07 0.09

43.652 0.94 0.92 0.85 0.88 0.02 0.07 0.09

47.863 0.94 0.92 0.85 0.88 0.02 0.07 0.09

52.481 0.94 0.92 0.85 0.88 0.03 0.06 0.09

57.544 0.95 0.92 0.86 0.89 0.03 0.06 0.09

63.096 0.95 0.91 0.86 0.89 0.04 0.05 0.09

69.183 0.95 0.91 0.87 0.89 0.04 0.04 0.08

75.858 0.95 0.91 0.87 0.89 0.04 0.04 0.08

83.176 0.96 0.91 0.88 0.89 0.05 0.03 0.08

91.201 0.96 0.91 0.89 0.90 0.05 0.02 0.07

100.000 0.96 0.90 0.89 0.90 0.05 0.01 0.06

109.648 0.96 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.06 0.00 0.06

120.226 0.96 0.90 0.91 0.90 0.06 0.01 0.05

131.826 0.95 0.89 0.91 0.90 0.06 0.02 0.04

144.544 0.95 0.89 0.92 0.90 0.06 0.03 0.03

158.489 0.95 0.89 0.92 0.90 0.06 0.04 0.03

173.780 0.94 0.88 0.93 0.90 0.06 0.04 0.02

190.546 0.94 0.88 0.93 0.90 0.06 0.05 0.01

208.930 0.94 0.87 0.93 0.90 0.06 0.06 0.00

229.087 0.94 0.87 0.94 0.90 0.07 0.07 0.00

251.189 0.94 0.87 0.94 0.90 0.08 0.07 0.01

275.423 0.95 0.86 0.94 0.90 0.09 0.08 0.01

301.995 0.96 0.86 0.94 0.90 0.10 0.08 0.02

331.131 0.98 0.86 0.94 0.90 0.13 0.09 0.04

363.078 0.99 0.86 0.94 0.90 0.14 0.09 0.05

398.107 1.00 0.86 0.94 0.90 0.14 0.09 0.05

436.516 1.00 0.86 0.94 0.90 0.14 0.09 0.06

478.630 1.00 0.86 0.94 0.90 0.14 0.08 0.06

524.807 1.00 0.86 0.94 0.90 0.14 0.08 0.06

575.440 1.00 0.86 0.94 0.90 0.14 0.08 0.06

630.957 1.00 0.86 0.93 0.89 0.14 0.08 0.07

691.831 1.00 0.85 0.93 0.89 0.15 0.07 0.07

758.578 1.00 0.85 0.92 0.88 0.15 0.07 0.08

831.764 1.00 0.84 0.92 0.88 0.16 0.07 0.08

912.011 1.00 0.82 0.91 0.86 0.18 0.09 0.09

1000.000 1.00 0.73 0.90 0.81 0.27 0.17 0.10

Accuracy test for full range and ranged 15.849 onwards:

Test Test Test Accepted

1-2 2-3 1-3 Criteria

max diff (Full range) 0.46632 0.59556 0.47457

Isokinetic sampling ratio ◦ Isokinetic ratio not within 90-110% are not

acceptable; test should be repeated

Sampling not simultaneous ◦ Site conditions could make coordination difficult

No visual/audible cues between the two teams (inlet and outlet) due to obstacles, distance, noise

If sampling temporarily stopped by one team, the other team may not be aware

Poor handling of dust samples ◦ Esp. during transferring of dust laden filter into

sealed container after finish sampling. Fine particles could be loss due to spill;

affecting gravimetric and particle size analysis

Poor siting of sampling point ◦ Either at both inlet or/and outlet

Porthole too close to disturbances

MS1596 requires minimum 5 diameters from disturbance

Flow not steady state (turbulence)

Improper design of dust collector ◦ Dust collector not appropriately sized according to

emission conditions (P, T, gas compositions, flowrate, moisture content)

Mismatch of operating and design capacity ◦ Source emitting more than what dust collector is

designed to accept

Too high dust load due

Higher moisture content

Non-steady state condition during sampling ◦ Source combustion not steady

Varying velocity and gas density in chimney/ducting, affecting accuracy of MS1596 isokinetic sampling

Insufficient dust samples ◦ Not enough amount to determine particle size

distribution via laser diffraction

Dust loss from poor handling of filter/thimble

Prior arrangement with site operator ◦ Inform earlier on actual sampling date/time

◦ Site operator can plan ahead source emission conditions for testing

Operation must be steady state

Minimize unplanned operating conditions

Sudden fuel type change

Sudden increase/decrease in load to prevent plant upset, etc.

Competent isokinetic sampling teams ◦ Important to maintain the 90-110% isokinetic

percentage ratio ◦ Careful handling of thimble/filter after sampling (to

avoid spill/loss)

Competent coordinator ◦ Requires 1 person (not the test sampling team member) ◦ Skillfully coordinate both inlet and outlet team

sometime need to improvise accordingly to overcome site conditions (heat, noise, weather, barriers)

◦ Can record real time flue gas data without need to disrupt isokinetic teams

Competent designer ◦ Reputable contractor to design the dust collector to fit the

actual operating conditions Not copy paste design based on principal manufacturer

template

Make sure the sampling porthole location suitable (minimum 5d from disturbance)

Awareness of MS1596 requirement is vital

◦ Plant engineer must give useful data Wrong data given mismatch of operating & design para.

Competent APCS personnel ◦ Regular monitoring of dust collector performance

Record pressure drop, inspect discharge hopper, fan motor amperage, check for corrosion & leakage

Muhamad Khairul Najib bin Ahmad

03-62736013

mknajib@esm.com.my

mailto:mknajib@esm.com.my