introduction à l'intégration continue - ci v2

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    Hkatcrdtkia

    biatkaug

    Biatkauius Katgcrdtkia

    Urgsgatgn fy Sdgh DAKFD - WU OGG EGRUVK^ - wdgh.dakfdEgsprkt.ta

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    Urifh`dtkqug9

    Wag lkstikrg ng no-vu 9

    Hg syanri`g nu Og bi`prgans pds, d `drblg sur`ia pistg ! .

    Hgs sy`pt`gs ?i Bi``kt pdrtkghs =i

    Jkblkgrs ng biajkcurdtkia npgandatsnu pistg ng trdvdkh.

    Vsuhtdt ?qukpg rcuhkrg`gat fhiqug uagng`k-oiurag.

    6

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    Urifh`dtkqug9

    K`dckagz ua priogt Odvd dvgb uag qukpg ng 75nvghippgurs. Dprs 7 `iks ng nvghippg`gat surhg priogt, hqukpg nbkng ng brgr uag rghgdsg (0uag vgrskia jkadhg ng tgst dvdat sd hkvrdksia du bhkgat)piur piuvikr tgstgr hdpphkbdtkia . @kgux vdut tdrnqug od`dks bi``g nkt hg privgrfg, sduj qug

    Dprs 2 tgatdtkvgs piur jdkrg hd rghgdsg sg sihndat pdrngs blgbs, kh gst nbkn ng biastktugr uag qukpgng 7 pgrsiaags piur gjjgbtugr bgttg tblg. Gt vikbkhg rsuhtdt? 6 das ng rgtdrn !

    2

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    Hgs 7% ng ficugs nbiuvgrts dprs rghgdsg rgprsgatgat;7% ngs bits ng birrgbtkia.

    Hg biastdt kanakdfhg qukh jdut rgtgakr ng bgsgxprkgabgs gst, phus uag grrgur gst ntgbtg tdrn gt phushg bit ng hd birrgbtkia sgrd hgv !

    Urifh`dtkqug9 >

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    Dvdat BK

    ^lg KatgcrdtkiaLghh !

    7

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    Fkc fdac katgcrdtkia

    Dvdat BK:

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    Jrgqugat katgcrdtkia

    Dvdat BK3

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    Katcrdtkia biatkaug

    @drtka Jiwhgr? tgd` katgcrdtg tlgkr wirm jrgqugathy, hgdnkac ti `uhtkphg katgcrdtkias pgr ndy. tlks dppridbl hgdns ti skcakjkbdathy rgnubgn katgcrdtkiaprifhg`s dan dhhiws d tgd` ti ngvghip bilgskvg sijtwdrg`irg rdpknhy .

    Biatkauius katgcrdtkia kavihvgs katgcrdtkac gdrhy dan ijtga, si ds ti dvikn tlg pktjdhhs ij " katgcrdtkia lghh ". ^lg prdbtkbgdk`s ti rgnubg rgwirm dan tlus rgnubg bist dan tk`g.

    RB@

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    @dka Hkag / ^VWAM

    FVDABLKAC @GVCG

    BLGBM KA (Bi``kt)BLGBM IW^

    Bldacgs

    WUND^G

    Bldacgs

    Bing/fukhn/tgsts

    Bldacgs

    Vgpi

    FVDABL

    BLGBM IW^ BLGBM KA

    ^irghgdsg

    RB@Riurbg biatrih dadcg`gt

    Hg frdablkac67

    RB@

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    Vgpi

    6:

    Vgpi

    VgpiVgpi

    Hibdhwirmspdbg

    Hibdhwirmspdbg Hibdh

    wirmspdbgHibdh

    wirmspdbg

    BZR/RZA@grburkdh

    / Ckt

    RB@Riurbg biatrih dadcg`gt

    I kh f kh

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    Hg fukhn du bigur ngs biabgpts ng hKB D r b

    l k t g b t u r g

    n u a g

    b l d k a g

    n k a t c r d t k i a

    Cgstkiaadkrgng tgsts

    Cgstkiaadkrgng Fukhn

    Cgstkiaadkrgng RB@

    Iutkhs ngFWKHN

    Rgrvgurnkatcrdtkia

    biatkaug

    Cgstkiaadkrgngaitkjkbdtkias

    Iutkhsnkaspgbtkia

    Iutkhs ng fukhn63

    I kh f kh

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    Hg fukhn du bigur ngs biabgpts ng hKB, Uds uag sk`phg bi`pkhdtkia.Ga rdhkt, khay d pds ng njkaktkia prbksg!Ia triuvg ga cardh hgs tblgs sukvdatgs ndas ua fukhn ?

    4. Bldrcg`gat ng hd ngrakrg vgrskia nu priogt ngpuks hg RB@=6. Bi`pkhdtkia =2. Gxbutkia ngs tgsts uaktdkrgs =>. Kaspgbtkia nu bing (ga vug ng cargr hgs `trkqugs ng qudhkt) =7. Biastrubtkia ngs rghgdsgs (ODV, SDV, GDV ) =:. Nphikg`gat ng hdpphkbdtkia sur h'gavkriaag`gat ng

    nvghippg`gat3. Gxbutkia ngs tgsts n'katcrdtkia =

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    Iutkhs ng fukhn

    DatADat@dvga@dmgUlkacVdmgGtb.

    6;

    I tkh ^ t

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    Hg fukhn du bigur ngs biabgpts ng hKB D r b

    l k t g b t u r g

    n u a g

    b l d k a g

    n k a t c r d t k i a

    Cgstkiaadkrgng tgsts

    Cgstkiaadkrgng Fukhn

    Cgstkiaadkrgng RB@

    Iutkhsng ^gst

    Rgrvgurnkatcrdtkia

    biatkaug

    Cgstkiaadkrgngaitkjkbdtkias

    Iutkhsnkaspgbtkia

    Iutkhs ng ^gst25

    Hg ^g t 9

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    Hgs tgsts ng typg wlktg fix Hgs tgsts uaktdkrgsHgs tgsts nkatcrdtkia

    Hgs tgsts ng pgrjir`dabgHgs tgsts ng qudhkt

    Hgs ^gsts924

    Hg ^g t 9

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    Hgs tgsts ng typg fhdbm fix Hgs tgsts jiabtkiaaghs

    Hgs tgsts ng `iatg ga bldrcgHgs tgsts ng aia-rcrgsskia

    Hgs ^gsts926

    I kh

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    Iutkhs ng tgsts

    Ouakt

    AWakt

    BppWaktULUWakt

    Rk`phg^gst

    ORWakt

    O2Wakt

    Drqukhhkda=

    Ofgldvg=@ibm ifogbt =Rghgaku`=Gt hd Jd`khhg \uaktGtb.

    22

    Iutkhs nkaspgbtkia

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    Hgs iutkhs ng qudhk`trkg D r b

    l k t g b t u r g

    n u a g

    b l d k a g

    n k a t c r d t k i a

    Cgstkiaadkrgng tgsts

    Cgstkiaadkrgng Fukhn

    Cgstkiaadkrgng RB@

    Iutkhsnkaspgbtkia

    Rgrvgurnkatcrdtkia

    biatkaug

    Cgstkiaadkrgngaitkjkbdtkias

    Iutkhsnkaspgbtkia

    Iutkhs nkaspgbtkia 2>

    Iutkhs nkaspgbtkia

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    Kaspgbtgr Tuik9^dkhhg nu bing trip crdang =

    Hkskfkhkt nu bing (bilrgabg nu styhg ng ai``dcg,

    ircdaksdtkia ngs siurbgs ? rganrg uag bipkg priprg) =

    Nibu`gatdtkia (prsgabg ng hd Odvdnib) =

    Vgspgbt ngs rchgs ng pdqugtdcgs, ng `inuhdrkt, ng

    npgandabgs gt ndrblktgbturg ga biublgs =

    ^gst gt biuvgrturg ng tgst =

    Hgs bipkgr-bihhgr =

    Vgspgbt ngs rchgs ng pricrd``dtkia.

    Gtb.

    Iutkhs nkaspgbtkia 27

    Iutkhs nkaspgbtkia

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    Dvgb bgs iutkhs, ia blgrblg d`hkirgrhg bing, gt phus pdrtkbuhkrg`gat sd ?

    Wsdfkhkt / Hkskfkhkt =@dkatgadfkhkt =Gjjkbdbkt / Ugrjir`dabg =Uirtdfkhkt =

    Jkdfkhkt =^gstdfkhkt.

    Iutkhs n kaspgbtkia 2:

    Gxg`phgs niutkhs ng

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    g p g gqudhk`trkg

    Biuvgrturg ng tgsts?Bifgrturd ? Bdhbuhg hg piurbgatdcg nu bing dbbgsskfhg pdr hgs

    tgstsBhivgr ? Bdhbuhg ngs `trkqugs sur hd biuvgrturg ngs tgstsGtb.

    Tudhkt nu bing?

    BlgbmRtyhg ? gjjgbtug h'dadhysg stdtkqug ng styhg ng bingU@N/BUN gjjgbtug uag dadhysg nu bing siurbg Odvd gt ntgbtghg Bipkgr / BihhgrJkanFucs ? gjjgbtug uag dadhysg ng bing siurbg Odvd piurntgbtgr hgs tgandabgs ng fucs

    ONgpgan ? bdhbuhg ngs `trkqugs ng qudhkt ng biabgptkia pdrpdqugt^dchkst ? gjjgbtug uag dadhysg stdtkqug ng bing piur triuvgr hgsfdhksgs ndas hg bing, bi``g Etini iu ngs tkqugttgs / / ^INI.Gtb.

    23

    Iutkhs nkaspgbtkia -

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    pgbiuvgrturg ngs tgsts

    BifgrturdDthdsskda Bhivgr

    o^gstOBivgrdcg

    BingBivgrG@@DUdrdsijt Kasurg++Abivgr

    \ngfucBivgrdcg.py

    25

    Rgrvgur nkatcrdtkiab k

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    Hg blgj nirblgstrg D r b

    l k t g b t u r g

    n u a g

    b l d k a g

    n k a t c r d t k i a

    Cgstkiaadkrgng tgsts

    Cgstkiaadkrgng Fukhn

    Cgstkiaadkrgng RB@

    Rgrvgurnkatcrdtkiabiatkaug

    Rgrvgurnkatcrdtkia

    biatkaug

    Cgstkiaadkrgngaitkjkbdtkias

    Iutkhsnkaspgbtkia

    biatkaug>4

    Rgrvgur nkatcrdtkiabi k

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    Hd phdbg nu sgrvgur nKB gst bgatrdhg ndas hd bldag bdrbgst huk quk hdabgrd hiutkh ng fukhn Vganrg hKB dutiai`g gt kanpgandatg nu pistg nu nvghippgur

    Ga gatrg kh piurrd pdr gxg`phg rgbgvikr ng hd cgstkia ngbiajkcurdtkia ua vag`gat kankqudat qug hgs siurbgsiat t `inkjkgs.

    Bgt vag`gat piurrd dhirs nbhgablgr hgs hdabg`gatng hd bldag.

    Kh piurrd rg`phkr ndutrg tblgs bi``g gaviygr ua `dkh uag iu phuskgurs pgrsiaags piur prvgakr du bds i uaggrrgur survkganrdkt ndas hg nriuhg`gat ng hd bldag.

    biatkaug>6

    Rgrvgur nkatcrdtkiabi k

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    BruksgBiatrih BruksgBiatrih.AG^ BruksgBiatrih.rf OgtFrdkas ^gd`Bkty Dpdblg Lunsia/Ogamkas Dpdblg Biatkauu` Dthdsskda Fd`fii JkadhFukhngr plpWangrBiatrih \Kab

    biatkaug>2

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    >>

    Bds nutkhksdtkia

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    Bds n utkhksdtkia

    Hg nvghippgur siu`gt uag `inkjkbdtkia

    Uistgs ng ngv

    RB@

    Rgrvgur nkatcrdtkia

    Rgrvgur ng prinubtkia

    Rgrvgur ng rgbgttg

    Rgrvgur ng tgst

    4 Bi``kt

    6 Zrkjkbdtkia ngs `inkjs2 Wpndtg

    > Fukhn + ^gsts$ Cbb b *.b i tgst Bi`pkhkac Bi`pkhdtkia Rubgssjuhh^gstkac Ouakt tgsts IMKatgcrdtkia tgsts IMUgrjir`dabg tgsts IMBing Kaspgbtkia 7

    Bds nutkhksdtkia

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    # Bds A6 Bds n utkhksdtkia >:

    Katcrdtkia Biatkaug3

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    R[A^LGRG

    Katcrdtkia Biatkaug>3

    Uldsgs nu BK>

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    Biatkauius Katgcrdtkia ks ait dadhh-ir-aitlkac djjdkr.Hkatcrdtkia biatkaug a'gst pds uag djjdkrg ng tiutiu rkga .

    H'katrinubtkia ng BK ndas uag ircdaksdtkia viusg``ag sur ua blg`ka quk pricrgssg trdvgrsphuskgurs pldsgs nkstkabtgs.

    Bldbuag ng bgs pldsgs k`phkqug ngs d`hkirdtkiaspricrgsskvgs h'kajrdstrubturg tgblakqug dkask qugngs d`hkirdtkias ndas hgs prdtkqugs gt hd buhturg ngh'qukpg ng nvghippg`gat huk-``g .

    Uldsgs nu BK>

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    Uldsgs nu BK

    RB@Rguhg`gat

    Fukhns phdakjkhgs aukts,^gsts aia

    ifhkcdtikrs

    Iutkhsnkaspgbtkia ^NN

    D^NN & FNNhdacudcgWfkquktdkrg

    ^gstsuaktdkrgs/

    katcrdtkiasifhkcdtikrs &Aitkjkbdtkia

    pdr `dkh

    Nphiygr hgsaiuvghhgs

    `inijkbdtkiasndas hd

    prinubtkia

    Uldsg 6AkclthyFukhns

    Uldsg>Gatgr tlg@gtrkbs

    Uldsg4Ai Fukhn

    Rgrvgr

    Uldsg7Cgttkac @irgRgrkius Dfiut

    ^gstkac

    Uldsg:Duti`dtgn

    Dbbgptdabg gstsdan @irg

    Duti`dtgnNgphiy`gat

    Uldsg2Akclthy Fukhns

    dan FdskbDuti`dtgn

    ^gsts

    6

    Uldsg3Biatkauius

    Ngphiy`gat

    >;

    BIABHWRKIA75

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    BIABHWRKIA

    Bi``uakbdtkia gt RtrdtckgUiur qug hg priogt nkatcrdtkia biatkaug russkssg, khjdunrd hk`phkbdtkia ng tius .

    Hkatcrdtkia biatkaug gst ua biabgpt rghdtkvg`gataiuvgdu.

    Kh jdut sgaskfkhksgr hgs `g`frgs ng hqukpg .

    Kh ag sujjkt pds ng nkspisgr niutkhs trs pgrjir`dats piursdvikr hgs utkhksgr fia gsbkgat.

    75

    BIABHWRKIA74

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    BIABHWRKIA

    Uiurquik ag pds prganrg hkatcrdtkia biatkaug bi``g ua ogu9

    Wag sirtg ng rktugh nkvgrtkssdat.

    Bghuk quk bdssg hg fukhn ng aukt d`ag hgsbrikssdats piur hqukpg

    Hgs nvghippgurs pgrngat iu cdcagat ngs pikatsga jiabtkia ngs rsuhtdts ngs fukhns gt ng hirkckag ngs grrgurs.

    74

    Bg qukh jdut rgtgakr !76

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    g q j g g

    Hg BK gt ua pribgssus gt pds ua iutkh.K`pirtdabg ng hd bi``uakbdtkia

    Wa pribgssus sur `gsurg.Nvghippgr `kgux, phus rdpkng`gat, ua bit `ikas hgv gtdvgb phus ng biajkdabg ? fgttgr, jdstgr, blgdpgr .

    FgttgrIa biastrukt ngs fukhns ng `gkhhgurg qudhkt.Ia tgstg siuvgat gt ga d`iat ( gdrhy & ijtga ).Ia rgspgbtg hgs fiaags prdtkqugs gt hgs biavgatkias ng bindcg.

    JdstgrHgs tgsts siat gxbuts pdrdhhhg`gat du nvghippg`gat, pds hd jka.Kh ay d phus ng pikat nkatcrdtkia.Hd biastrubtkia nua fukhn ag ngvkgat phus ua vag`gat.

    BlgdpgrIa kngatkjkg hgs njduts ga d`iat.Ia hgs rsiut qudan kh bitg hg `ikas blgr.Hg tgst ngvkgat jdbkhg gt rptdfhg.

    76

    Vjrgabgs & Khhustrdtkias72

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    KB, D`hkirgr hd qudhkt ngs hickbkghs gt rnukrg hgs rksqugs- Fy Jdfkda Ukdulttp?//www.sbrkfn.bi`/nib/>>7;24/Urkabkpgs-ng-hkatgcrdtkia-Biatkauglttp?//jr.wkmkpgnkd.irc/wkmk/KatcrdtkiaYbiatkaug

    Khhustrdtkias

    Vjrgabgs

    KB, D`hkirgr hd qudhkt ngs hickbkghs gt rnukrg hgs rksqugs -

    Fy Jdfkda Ukdulttp?//www.frdndpp.bi`/db`g/frdablkac/strgd`gn-hkags.lt`h

    72

    k d k

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    Hkatcrdtkia

    biatkaug

    Biatkauius Katgcrdtkia