introducatio sd for enginers
TRANSCRIPT
www.upc.edu How is the world today?
www.upc.edu What the hell are we talking about?
What is sustainability? What is Sustainable development?
????
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www.happyplanetindex.org
What the hell are we talking about?
FOR ALL FOR EVER
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Carrying capacity In ecology: carrying capacity in the maximum number of any
species that a habitat can support along the time
What happens when the carrying capacity is overcome?
As humans which is our habitat?
Which is our carrying capacity as humans in our habitat?
• It depends on: – The humans “needs” to live.
– The Tech used to fulfill those “needs” in terms of resources/waste/pollution
– Our social organization and its resilience.
Concepts
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Ecological footprint Redefines carrying capacity as the surface of productive
earth and water needed to maintain a population at a
certain standard of living. Units: gha.
Concepts
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IPAT equation
I = P A T I – Impact to environment
P – Population
A – Affluence: products/services consumed per person (sufficiency)
T – Impact to environment for unit of product/service. (Tech efficiency +
effectiveness)
Concepts
www.upc.edu Population
Font: Population Division of the
Department of Economic and
Social Affairs of the United Nations
Secretariat (2007).
www.upc.edu Population
World population
1950-2050
Font: Population Division of
the Department of
Economic and Social
Affairs of the United
Nations Secretariat (2007).
www.upc.edu Població
Distribució de la població per edats i per regions: projecció mitjana.
Font: Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United
Nations Secretariat (2007).
www.upc.edu Affluence
Resum
Font: Population Division of the
Department of Economic and
Social Affairs of the United Nations
Secretariat (2007).
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IPAT exercice.
I = P A T I – Impact to environment in 2050 = 50% of current situation
P – Population
A – Affluence: products/services consumed per person
• 2% annual in “developed” countries (20% population)
• Developing countries (80% population) the same development as
“developed” by 2050.
T – Impact to environment for unit of product/service.
• ??????? – 2 => 50%
– 3 => 66%
– 4 => 75%
Concepts
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What does the EF measure?
Consumption of food and materials: in relation to the surface of earth and seas biologically productive needed to produce that natural resources.
Consumption of energy: on the basis of the surface necessary to absorb the correlatives emissions of CO2.
• The measuring is done in “units of surface”. A surface’s unit is equivalent to an hectare of world productivity average.
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Evaluation Matrix Ecological Footprint
[ha/capita]
A
Fossil
energy
B
Degradation
C
Agricultural
growing
D
Cereals
E
Pastures
F
Forestry
running
TOTAL
1 ALIMENTATION
11 Vegetables
12 Animal
2 HOUSING
21 Construction
22 Operation
3 TRANSPORT
31 Private
32 Public
33 Of products
4 CONSUMPTIN GOODS
41 Packing
42 Clothing
43 Furniture
44 Books/Journals
45 Tobacco/Alcohol
46 Personal care
47 Recreational
equipment
48 Others
5 SERVICES
51 Government + Army
52 Education
53 Health
54 Social Services
55 Tourism
56 Culture
57 Banking/Financing
58 Others
TOTAL
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Example: Canada 1991 Ecological Footprint [ha/capita]
A
Fossil energy
B
Degradation
C
Agricultural growing
D
Cereals
E
Pastures
F
Forestry running
TOTAL
1 ALIMENTATION
11 Vegetables
12 Animal
0.33
0.14
0.19
0.02
0.02
0.60
0.18
0.42
0.33
0.33
0.02
0.01
0.01
1.30
2 HOUSING
21 Construction
22 Operation
0.41
0.06
0.35
0.08 0.002 0.40
0.35
0.05
0.89
3 TRANSPORT
31 Private
32 Public
33 Of products
0.79
0.60
0.07
0.12
0.10 0.89
4 CONSUMPTIN GOODS
41 Packing
42 Clothing
43 Furniture
44 Books/Journals
45 Tobacco/Alcohol
46 Personal care
47 Recreational equipment
48 Others
0.52
0.10
0.11
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.03
0.10
0.00
0.01 0.06
0.02
0.04
0.13
0.13
0.17
0.04
0.03
0.10
0.89
5 SERVICES
51 Government + Army
52 Education
53 Health
54 Social Services
55 Tourism
56 Culture
57 Banking/Financing
58 Others
0.29
0.06
0.08
0.08
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.05
0.01 0.30
TOTAL 2.34 0.20 0.02 0.66 0.46 0.59 4.27
www.upc.edu Global values Informe Living planet 2010
World availability per capita: 1.8 units
Word consumption 2,7 units =>
50% higher than availability
www.upc.edu Local Ecological Footprint,
Available
Available 2
Available 3
Available 4
Available 4 1/2
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UA
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UA
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www.upc.edu Ecological Footprint evolution
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Human development index (HDI) looks beyond GDP to a broader definition of
wellbeing.
The HDI provides a composite measure of three dimensions of human
development:
• living a long and healthy life (measured by life expectancy),
• being educated (measured by adult literacy and enrolment at the primary,
secondary and tertiary level) and
• having a decent standard of living (measured by purchasing power parity,
income).
The index is not in any sense a comprehensive measure of human development.
It does not, for example, include important indicators such as respect for human
rights, democracy and inequality. What it does provide is a broadened prism for
viewing human progress and the complex relationship between income and well-
being.
The human development index
www.upc.edu The human development index
www.upc.edu The human development index
www.upc.edu HDI - EF
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d’après Aurélien Boutaud, ENSMSE, RAE
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Empreinte écologique (ha/hab)
Besoins des
générations
futures
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1
11
Ind
icate
ur
de d
évelo
pp
em
en
t h
um
ain
–ID
H)
Besoins des
générations
actuelles
: chemin du développement "classique"
développement durable
: chemins du développement durable
les « chemins »
souhaitables diffèrent
mais tentent de susciter
une convergence à long
terme écologiquement
viable et politiquement
acceptable.
/5 /3
C. Brodhag, http://www.brodhag.org
From “clasic development” to sustainable development
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HDI - EF
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Unbalances
Social problems
www.upc.edu Social problems
Font: PNUD 2008
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Exercise 2 Evaluate current carrying capacity of the earth. (% of current population)
Evaluate current carrying capacity if everybody live as a OECD citizen (% of
current population)
Concepts
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Economy
(‘inevitable laws’)
Environment
(‘technology
can fix it’)
Society
The current world view
- relative importance?
Economy laws are
‘inevitable’ - market
laws
Environment is used to fulfill
the demands of the Economy
laws. (Resources, waste and
pollution absorption)
Society adapts to the
inevitable economy laws:
As much money as sooner as
possible.
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But this is what we all ultimately
depend on for life - so...
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Environment
- ‘inevitable’
Engineers provide the interfaces...
Society
Infrastructure
Products
Economy
- invented!
Environmental laws are
‘inevitable’ - laws of nature.
Environment nurtures,
supports and makes
possible….
Society - which has a
mixture of instinctive and
learned/cultural laws
Society has invented, to
serve society’s purposes….
Economy - whose rules and
practices are totally ‘invented’
by society
SO: why do so many regard Economic laws as ‘inevitable’ (globalisation, etc); but
Environmental laws, and limits, as manipulable?
www.upc.edu Current trend evolution
www.upc.edu Current trend evolution
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Very low (zero)
Commuting: high
Use of appliances:
medium high
Activity Happiness
Sex 4,7
Socialising 4,0
Relaxing 3,9
Praying/meditating 3,8
Eating 3,8
Exercising 3,8
Watching TV 3,6
Shopping 3,2
Preparing food 3,2
Talking in phone 3,1
Taking care of children 3,0
Computer/internet 3,0
Housework 3,0
Working 2,7
Commuting 2,6
Energy intensity (J/h)
Source: (Holmberg & Nässen 2011) and (Kahneman et al. 2004)