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Intro: What is a Macromolecule? • Organic molecules all contain Carbon. • They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units called monomers.

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Page 1: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

Intro:What is a Macromolecule?

• Organic molecules all contain Carbon.

• They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units called monomers. 

Page 2: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

Macromolecules are made of many small subunits bonded together.

– Monomers are the individual subunits.

– Polymers are made of many monomers.

Page 3: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

Carbon is the skeleton of all organic molecules!

•Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms.

•Carbon-based molecules have three general types of structures.

Page 4: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

CARBOHYDRATES

Page 5: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

Carbohydrates:Carbohydrates:Carbon, Hydrogen, OxygenCarbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

CHOCHO

Page 6: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

•Small sugar moleculesSmall sugar molecules to large starch moleculeslarge starch molecules.

Page 7: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

CarbohydratesCarbohydratesMonoMonosaccharide: saccharide: oneone sugar sugar unitunit

glucose (glucose (C6H12O6) is blood sugar

glucoseglucose

YUM!

Page 8: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

DiDisaccharide: saccharide: twotwo sugar unitssugar units

glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose

Page 9: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

PolyPolysaccharide: saccharide: manymany sugar unitssugar units

Starch!

glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose

glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose

glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose

glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose

cellulosecellulose

Page 10: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

Carbohydrate Function

- Used for Energy

- Some provide structure

Page 11: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

Carbohydrate Examples

Monosaccharides

Glucose - Blood Sugar

Deoxyribose - In DNA

Fructose - Fruit Sugar

Galactose - Milk Sugar

glucoseglucose

Page 12: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

DiDisaccharide: saccharide: twotwo sugar unitsugar unit

Examples: Examples: –Maltose Maltose (glucose+glucose) in (glucose+glucose) in maltmalt

–Sucrose Sucrose (glucose+fructose) is (glucose+fructose) is sugarsugar

–Lactose Lactose (glucose+galactose) in (glucose+galactose) in milkmilk

glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose

Page 13: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

PolyPolysaccharide: saccharide: manymany sugar unitssugar units

Examples:Examples:starch (rice, potatoes, starch (rice, potatoes, cereal)cereal)

glycogen (starch in the glycogen (starch in the liver)liver)

cellulose (lettuce, wood, cellulose (lettuce, wood, fibers)fibers)

glucoseglucose

glucoseglucose

cellulosecellulose

cotton

Page 14: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

Lipids

Page 15: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

Lipid Facts:

•Fats and oils are neutral, non-polar.

•Not soluble in water.

Page 16: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

• A Neutral Fat is a Triglyceride

• 3 Tails of Fatty Acid are attached to One glycerol molecule.

• Fork-like shape:

Lipid Structure:

Page 17: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

This is a model of 1 triglyceride (don’t write this).

Page 18: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

(Lipid monomers)

Page 19: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

SaturatedFatty Acid

UnsaturatedFatty Acid

How are oils different from fats?

Solid fat

Liquid oil

Page 20: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

Saturated Fat Facts

• Saturated fats are solid at room temp.

• Fats come from animals.

• All Carbons are “saturated” with Hydrogen

• “Hydrogenated oils”

Page 21: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

Unsaturated Fats/OIL Facts

• Some C=C bonds• Less Hydrogen, some

Carbons are unsaturated with H.

• Liquid at room temp.• Oils come from plants

Page 22: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

Lipid FunctionsSix Functions of Lipids:

1. Long term energy storage

2. Insulation against heat loss (blubber)

3. Shock absorption

4. Prevents water loss

5. Chemical messengers ( steroid hormones)

6. Major component in membranes

(phospholipids)

Page 23: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

Lipid Examples

1. Fats

2. Oils

3. Waxes (bees wax)

4. Phospholipids (cell membranes)

5. Steroids and cholesterol

Page 24: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

Proteins

Page 25: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

Proteins (Polypeptides)

-Amino acids: 20 different types

-Bonded together by a peptide bond to make polypeptides

Page 26: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units
Page 27: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units
Page 28: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

Protein Examples

ENZYMES!!!!

Hemoglobin - in your blood

Muscles

Page 29: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units
Page 30: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units
Page 31: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

Nucleic Acids

Page 32: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

Nucleic Acids-Two Types:

- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA - double helix)

- Ribonucleic acid (RNA - single strand)

- Nucleic acids are composed of long chains of nucleotides

Page 33: Intro: What is a Macromolecule? Organic molecules all contain Carbon. They are huge molecules called polymers and are subdivided into their basic units

- Nucleotides make up DNA

- DNA stores genetic information

- RNA builds proteins


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