intro to western europe
DESCRIPTION
INTRO TO WESTERN EUROPE. Continent of Peninsulas. 4 MAJOR LANDFORMS. NORTHWEST HIGHLANDS-low mtns & hills SCOTTISH HIGHLANDS KJOLEN MTNS. “OLD”, ERODED MTNS; GLACIERS Fjords: narrow inlets of the sea between high rocky cliffs Caused by glaciers Many lakes created. 2 nd landform. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
INTRO TO WESTERN EUROPE
Continent of Peninsulas
4 MAJOR LANDFORMS
NORTHWEST HIGHLANDS-low mtns & hills SCOTTISH HIGHLANDS KJOLEN MTNS. “OLD”, ERODED MTNS; GLACIERS Fjords: narrow inlets of the sea
between high rocky cliffs Caused by glaciers Many lakes created
2nd landform
Northern European PlainRuns from France to the UralsMany rivers and major citiesMost important farming and
industrial areaMost densely populatedCreated by glaciers
3rd main landform region
Central Uplands Hills, plateaus, low mountains Coal and manufacturing areas Jura Mtns—France/Switzerland Massif Central-France
4TH MAJOR LANDFORM Alpine System-volcanic mtns. Appennines—Italy Carpathians Pyrenees—France/Spain border Still active volcanoes/earthquakes
Italy, Greece, Iceland
CLIMATEOF EUROPE 3 MAJOR INFLUENCES 1-ATLANTIC OCEAN—North Atlantic Drift
Affect?
2-MOUNTAINS—ALPS SEPARATE HUMID CONTINENTAL FROM MEDITERRANEAN Affect?
3-SOUTHERN COASTAL AREAS
3 MAIN CLIMATE TYPES
1-Marine West Coast Where? Pattern?
2-Humic ContinentalWhere?Pattern?
Climate Types
3-Mediterranean Where? Pattern? Why?
VEGETATION 4 MAIN BIOMES 1-TEMPERATE FOREST
2-MEDITERRANEAN SCRUB FOREST
3-BOREAL-- 4-TUNDRA—FAR NORTH PROBLEMS:
WATER FEATURES 4 KEY FACTS 1-IRREGULAR COASTLINES—HARBORS
Most important—North Sea—trade/fishing/oil Baltic Sea-freezes in winter
2-NAVIGABLE RIVERS + CANALS Rhine—most important Starts in Alps-----to North Sea Danube—2nd most important Starts in S. Germany-----Black Sea
3-HEAVILY POLLUTED/OVERUSED FOR TRADE 4-Bosporus Strait—water border between
Europe & Asia
RESOURCES 1-FORESTS—MOST ARE GONE EXCEPT
FINLAND & SWEDEN PROBLEMS— SOLUTIONS:
2-SOIL—OVERUSED; BUT HIGH TECH FARMS ARE VERY PRODUCTIVE
Loess— Alluvial Soil- Northern European Plain ½ of land used for farming Types of crops--
Resources Continued 3-FISHING North Sea and North Atlantic
4-ENERGY & MINERALS A-coal— Germany, Britain & Poland B-Oil & Natural Gas
North Sea
ENERGY & MINERALS1-COAL Germany, Britain & Poland 2-OIL & NATURAL GAS
North Sea Britain & Norway
3-HYDROELECTRICITYWhere?
4-OTHER ITEMSSweden—iron ore (Kiruna)Italy--marble
MICROSTATES
UNIQUE TO EUROPE TINY NATIONS USUALLY
SURROUNDED BY ANOTHER NATION
EXAMPLES: MONACO, VATICAN CITY, ANDORRA ETC.
*POSTAGE STAMPS & TOURISM
HISTORY OF EUROPE
WAR & CONQUEST GREEK EMPIRE 900 TO 300 B.C.
1ST IDEAS OF GOVERNMENT ART/BUILDINGS LARGE ARMIES TO EXPAND
HISTORY CONTINUED
ROMAN EMPIRE 200 B.C. TO 500 A.D. ITALY, ISRAEL, NORTH AFRICA ART/ BUILDINGS LARGE NAVY/ARMY GODS/GODDESSES
HISTORY-3 MIDDLE AGES 500-1500 A.D.
LITTLE KINGDOMS WAR, FAMINE, DISEASE “BLACK PLAGUE”
1500 A.D. ITALY MOST IMPORTANT EUROPEAN NATION
2 KEY CITIES—VENICE & GENOA EXPLORE & COLONIZE
START OF IMPERIALISM WHY TAKE OVER OTHER NATIONS?
LATE 1500’S FRANCE, SPAIN, PORTUGAL & ENGLAND
1600’S-FRANCE CONTROL WESTERN & CENTRAL EUROPE
1700-BRITAIN DEFEATS FRANCE & SPAIN IN WAR
BECOMES LARGEST POWER INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
NEED RESOURCES, LABOR & MARKETS
IMPERIALISM PART 2
1871-GERMANY BECOMES A LARGE POWER IN EUROPE
ALLIANCE SYSTEM SECRET AGREEMENTS TO HELP EACH
OTHER IN CASE OF AN ATTACK
BALANCE OF POWER
WORLD WAR I-1914-1918 GERMANY & AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE
VS. BRITAIN/FRANCE/RUSSIA REASONS FOR FIGHTING:
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of A-H empire by a Serb (Russian ally)
Alliances force nations to help out Increased military means all conflict leads to
war Winners—Britain/France/ US Losers-Germany/A-H empire (fell apart)
After WWI Unstable governments Take land away from Germany Economic problems—no work, no trade,
no food War debt of $30 bil Money is worthless
GREAT DEPRESSION
Rise of dictators—Hitler, Mussolini because of nationalism
WORLD WAR 2 1939-45
Germany invades Poland Germany takes land back in Czech,
Austria etc. Axis Powers—Germany, Italy &
Japan Allied Powers-US, France, Britan,
USSR Holocaust
After WW2—1945+DIVISION OF GERMANY
WESTDemocraticRicherRebuilt by
US/Britain
EAST Communist Controlled by
USSR poorer
COLD WAR 1945-89 ARMS RACE SPACE RACE NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Military agreement Stop spread of
communism MARSHALL PLAN
Economic agreements Rebuild Western
Europe
WARSAW PACT Military agreement Spread communism USSR/Eastern
European nations
COMECON Economic agreement
to rebuild Eastern Europe