intro to soc inequality and stratification
DESCRIPTION
Lecture for an intro to sociology class on the topic of social inequality and stratification.TRANSCRIPT
Stratification, Inequality and Achievement
“Nobody cares more about free enterprise and competition and about the best man winning than the
man who inherited his father’s store or farm.”
USF Intro to SociologyFall 2010
Prof. Zavestoski
Friday, October 8, 2010
Concepts to cover...stratification
legitimating rationales
caste, estate, class systems of stratification
Marx’s conception of class
bourgeoisie, proletariat
Weber’s conception of class
life style vs life chances
Friday, October 8, 2010
• power vs authority
• status & prestige
• socioeconomic status
• social mobility
• horizontal and vertical
• inter- and intragenerational
• open systems vs closed systems
• exogamy and endogamy
Friday, October 8, 2010
Stratification:What and How
• Social stratification is the system, and the outcome of the system, that evaluates and rewards people on the basis of arbitrary characteristics with scarce, desired goods; thus resulting in social strata, or layers, of society where people in lower ranking groups receive less of the desired goods than people in the higher ranking groups
Friday, October 8, 2010
Stratification:What and How
• Stratification systems are:
• Persistent (they last over long periods of time)
• Resistant to change
• Upheld by legitimating rationales (i.e., reasons for accepting social stratification as fair and just)
Friday, October 8, 2010
Stratification: Marx vs. Weber
• Marx:
• Capitalists/Owners of Production (Bourgeoisie); and
• Laborers (Proletariat)
• Weber:
• Money, power (e.g., authority) and status (e.g., prestige) shape class position
• Lifestyle and life chances are functions of class position
Friday, October 8, 2010
Mobility: Or Moving through the Strata
• There is no mobility in closed stratification systems;
• Open systems may have:
• Horizontal mobility: between two positions in the same class
• Vertical mobility: Up and down between classes
• Intergenerational: One generation exceeds the position of the previous
• Intragenerational: Within lifetime mobility
Friday, October 8, 2010
Inequality and Achievement
• effects of parents’ social class
• income and wealth
• Matthew effect
• cultural explanations of inequality
• structural explanations of inequality
• tracking, in schools
• Pygmalion effect (self-fulfilling prophecy)
Friday, October 8, 2010
Income and Wealth
• People tend not to surpass their parents’ class standing because income (earnings from employment and investment), and especially wealth (money and all other assets), do not accumulate as easily for the poor as for the rich
• Wealth begets wealth: having money opens up new opportunities for making more money (The Matthew Effect)
Friday, October 8, 2010
Cultural Explanations of Poverty
• Poverty begets poverty: Living in poverty is like having one’s own culture (different beliefs, values, norms, etc.); having been socialized into this culture, the poor lack the necessary skills to become successful
Friday, October 8, 2010
Structural Explanations of Poverty
• Lack of opportunities (e.g., jobs, affordable housing, quality healthcare, decent education) hold poor people back; and, in fact,
• The culture of poverty does not keep people from being successful, but rather is the outgrowth of blocked opportunities
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Structure or Culture?• Consider the story of a student who came
from an inner city school and got letters of interest from basketball coaches wanting him to attend summer camps. Not being able to afford the camps, the student never received a scholarship to play basketball. Is this an example of the culture of poverty or a structural explanation?
(from McIntyre, 2002. Practical Skeptic: Core Concepts in Sociology, Boston: McGraw Hill.)
Friday, October 8, 2010
The power of labels…• Tracking and the Pygmalion Effect
• Is being poor deviant?
The power of theories…What are the policy implications of:
the culture of poverty perspective?
the structural perspective?
Friday, October 8, 2010