Intro to Second Semester!!!!

Forensic Science

Ms. Martin

Catalyst (do now) IF you were in my class last semester, what

did we learn last semester and what should new students should know about me

IF you are new to my class (hi!), what are you looking forward to learning in earth science this semester

Ms. Martin Email: caitlin.mrtn@gmail.com 845-323-0675

Aim Whats you can expect of me and what will i

expect of you? What’s our exciting first new unit?

Agenda Little overview of the rules & whatnot Little overview of what this semester will look like Little intro to our first new unit

Learning target I CAN ...

Rules and Stuff Homework completed and present at the beginning of

class. No going to lockers to get it. If complete, get stamp. If incomplete, get called out. If

not on desk when stamper gets to you, you get a zero. Complete work THOUGHTFULLY and come prepared

to ask questions and discuss. Homework plagiarism will be given a zero on both ends.

Class Jobs Homework stamper Filer Paper collector

Late WorkTeacher Student

At the end of the day, put assignments in outboxes of absent students. Assignments must be stamped with date ANSD.

Picks up work the day they get back. If absent 1 day, due next day. 2 days, 2 days later, 3 days, see teacher.

Will check inbox at the end of the day and stamp everything “date received.” Teacher will grade and return at her convenience.

Can turn it in late for half credit. Nothing accepted more than 1 day late. Must be placed in inbox, otherwise not considered “received.” Not even in mailbox downstairs.

LABS/MAJOR ASSIGNMENTS: lose 10 points per day late.

Behavior

Don’t call me Miss, and don’t call me the wrong name (ie dont call me Ms. Burns)

Keep trash and throw out at end.

If someone needs something, pass it--don’t throw.

Follow all non-negotiable rules.

What this semester looks like Forensic Drug Analysis Forensic Toxicology DNA Fingerprinting Fingerprinting Forensic Psychaitry

What do you know already about categories of drugs? Something you’ve seen before in health

class... Do you remember? Each group gets a baggie (3 in each) Match drug category (yellow paper) with

description (blue paper) with drugs in the category (green paper) and some pics (white paper)

After 10 minutes... You’ll rotate to another groups and critique

their organization Spending 2 minutes at each station -

Comparing First: write what was DIFFERENT that they did Second: write what was SIMILAR Third: Return to yours – read feedback, make

changes.

Day 2

Catalyst (do now) Which drugs that were EASY to classify

yesterday

Which drugs were DIFFICULT to classify yesterday?

Ms. Martin Email: caitlin.mrtn@gmail.com 845-323-0675

Aim What is the difference between a

psychological dependence and a physical dependence?

Agenda Mini Lesson Practice

Learning Goal I can name and classify the commonly

abused drugs.

What is a drug? A drug is a natural or synthetic substance

that is produces physiological or psychological effects in humans or other animals

What does synthetic mean? Made in a laboratory

Why is it important to study drugs in forensics? Approximately 23 million people in the US

use illicit drugs >75% of the evidence evaluated by crime

labs in the US is drug related Field of forensic drug analysis is expanding

Drug Dependence

How dependent someone becomes depends on:

Nature of drug Route of administration Dose Frequency Individuals metabolism

Drug Dependence

ALSOOo depends on other factors such as Users expectations Societies attitudes and possible responses Location in which drugs are used

Whats a stereotype of a drug user? Addicts = hopeless social drop outs Reality = most users look and act normal

Involved in community

Different psychological reasons drug use/abuse.

Psychological dependence Conditioned use of drug caused by

underlying emotional needs

Ex of conditioned response: person is sad uses a drug feels happy drug wears off feels sad again uses drug

Catalyst Use your notes from yesterday 1. In your own words, what makes a drug a

drug?

2. Name at least 3 factors that determine addiction

Aim What is the difference between a

psychological dependence and a physical dependence?

Agenda Mini Lesson Practice

Learning Goal I can name and classify the commonly

abused drugs.

Example 2 – alcohol Not all alcohol drinkers psychologically

dependent Some use alcohol as a crutch for dealing

with lifes stresses and anxieties

Drugs with big chance of psychological dependence Morphine Heroin Barbituates Alcohol Amphetamines Cocaine Nicotine PCP

Physical Dependence Physiological need for a drug brought about

by its regular use and characterized by withdrawal sickness when administration is stopped abruptly

What’s physiological? What’s withdrawal? What’s a abruptly

If you use drugs a lot, your body gets use to using them

Withdrawal Body chills Vomiting Stomach cramps Convulsions Insomnia Pain hallucinations

Only some drugs physical dependence Some drugs (marijuana, LSD, cocaine)

cause high anxieties instead of withdrawal Only develops when drug users have a

regular schedule

OK now onto the drug categories Narcotics Depressants Stimulants Hallucinogens

Narcotics (official def) A drug that induces sleep and

depresses vital body functions such as blood pressure, pulse rate, breathing rate

commonly the term used as a drug that is socially unacceptable

Opiates Behave like morphine Morphine = painkiller from an opium plant Heroin = produced by reacting morphine

with a different chemical

acetic anhydride

Heroin

Injected intravenously (IV) Intravenous = in the vein Effects are instantaneous High Psych Dependence High Physical Dependence

Narcotics are very powerful analgesics What does analgesic mean? A substance that lessens or eliminates pain Codeine – cough suppressent and pain

releiver

Synthetic Opiates What does synthetic mean again? Methadone – has similar effects as heroin Reduces/ Eliminates desire for heroin Used in controversial treatments. Because its being used more in legitimate

circumstances more on the market

OxyContin

Relatively newly approved pain killer (1995) Perscribed to millions for chronic pain Time release factor reduce addiction? Actualllllly no. Has been BETTER for

addiction Robbed pharmacies, countfit prescriptions,

etc.

Catalyst – entrance ticket! (complete individually, collected in 4

minutes) OPEN BOOK! Use YOUR notes from

yesterday 1. List at least 3 effects of withdrawal 2. Whats the difference between physical

and psychological dependence?

Aim What are hallucinogens, stimulants, and

depressants? Which drugs fall into those categories?

Agenda Mini Lesson Practice

Learning Goal I can name and classify the commonly

abused drugs.

Hallucinogens A substance that induces change in normal

thought processes, perceptions, and mood.

Most popular and controversial is... Marijuana

Marijuana Scientific name: Cannabis

sativa A weed that grows under

most climatic conditions Contains

tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) THC psychoactive effects

in users

THC Amount of THC in plant varies in different

parts. Greatest concentration in sticky resin

produced by plant (hashish) Less is found in flowers and leaves, even

less in stem, roots or seeds Potency depends on combination of each

to be smoked or eaten

Easily most widely used illicit drug in US >43 million Americans have tried Marijuana Almost half reported being regular users Currently being used in medical field

Reduces ey presure in glaucoma Lessenng of nausea caused by other powerful

drugs Muscle relaxant

Heavy users develop psychological dependence

Effects Increased heart rate Dry mouth Redenned eyes Impaired motor skills and concentration Frequent hunger Increased desire for sweets

Other hallucinogens Naturally occurring

Mescaline Psilocybin

Synthetic LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) PCP (phencyclidine)

LSD Made from lysergic acid, found in fungus that

attacks grains Produces big changes in mood, leading to

laughing or crying when provoked slightly Anxiety and tension Veryyyyy potent. Very tiny amounts can lead

to hallucinations for 12 hrs Prone to flashbacks, psych breaks after

PCP Often made in clandestine laboratories Often mixed with other drugs

LSD or amphetamine

Can be smoked, ingested, sniffed Effects: feelings of strength and

invulnerability, dreamy sense of detachment unresponsive, confused, agitated, deoressed, isolated, hallucinate

PCP & Schizophrenia PCP is used in primates to study

schizophrenia Produces similar effects in the brain Helpful for learning more about

schizophrenia, treatments.

Depressants A substance that slo0ws down, or

depresses the functions of the central nervous system

Most widely used drug in america = alcohol

Alcohol (ethyl alcohol) When alcohol enters the bloodstream

brain Suppresses brain’s control of alcohol,

thought processes, muscle coordination

Effects Low dose – inhibits mental processes of

judgement, memory, concentration. Personality exudes confidence

Higher doses – user becomes highly irritable and emotional; displays of anger and crying not uncommon

Extremely high – indiv. unconscious or comatose. Could be fatal

Barbituates “downers” Create a feeling of well-being and produces

sleep Usually taken orally Ex: phenobarbital, methaqualone

Stimulant A substance that speeds up, or stimulates,

the central nervous system

Amphetamines “uppers” or “speed” A group of synthetic stimulants that have

similar structure Provide sense of well being and alertness,

followed by decrease in fatigue and loss of apetite

Negative side effects: restlessness, instability, depression

Methamphetamine Most seriously abused amphetamine IV injection High lasts for 2-3 hours. Users experience euphoria & hyperactivity;

sometimes also clarity of vision and hallucinations

After – sleep for 1-2 days, experience depression for days or weeks

Cocaine Stimulant extracted from the leaves of

Erythroxylon coca, plant that grows in South America and in tropical Asia

Mainly cocaine is sniffed and absorbe thru mucous membranes in nose.

Effects: alertness, vigor, suppresses hunger, fatigue and boredom.

Experience euphoria,

Crack Cocaine mixed with baking soda and water,

and then heating the solution. Forms clumpy tiny chunks. When smoked, enters the brain in less than

fifteen seconds. Euphoria fades quickily depression

Assignment Write a story about a person who takes a

drug in at least 2 categories. Describe the persons symptoms and the effects after and any information you know about the drug .

Stimulants

Catalyst – use your notes!!! What is a clandestine laboratory? Name at

least 3 drugs associated with clandestine laboratories

What is the relationship between PCP and schizophrenia

Aim What are stimulants? Which drugs are

stimulants?

Agenda Catalyst Play Teacher Group Sum up

Learning Target I can name and classify the commonly

abused drugs

Play Teacher Working in groups of 4 Each person gets different short reading

Reading (8 mins) Slide making (8 mins) Teach members (3 per person) Group sum up

Roles amphetamine (group leader) cocaine (timer) crack (liaison) clubdrug (supplies)

Catalyst Name 4 categories of drugs and at least

two examples that go in each category

3 minutes!