intro. to linguistics_13 pragmatics
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Intro. to Linguistics_13 Pragmatics](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102322/547c3967b4af9fd42c8b48a9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS(SESSION 13: PRAGMATICS)
Edi BrataMathl’aul Anwar University
![Page 2: Intro. to Linguistics_13 Pragmatics](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102322/547c3967b4af9fd42c8b48a9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Review to the
Previous Topic
![Page 3: Intro. to Linguistics_13 Pragmatics](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102322/547c3967b4af9fd42c8b48a9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
a) Diki eats Donut.b) Donut eats Diki.
• Syntactically, sentence a) and b) are accepted. • Semantically, only sentence a) that is accepted
since sentence b) is illogical.• Sometime, it is possible to use sentence b) when
we want to express donut as a monster. Here, pragmatics plays its role.
SEMIOTICS(Syntactic, Semantics and
Pragmatics)
![Page 4: Intro. to Linguistics_13 Pragmatics](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102322/547c3967b4af9fd42c8b48a9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Intro. to Linguistics_13 Pragmatics](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102322/547c3967b4af9fd42c8b48a9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
BABY & TODDLER SALE
Invisible meaning
PRAGMATICS
![Page 6: Intro. to Linguistics_13 Pragmatics](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102322/547c3967b4af9fd42c8b48a9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
PRAGMATICS
A : I have a fourteen year old son.B : Well that's all right.A : I also have a dog.B : Oh, I'm sorry.
![Page 7: Intro. to Linguistics_13 Pragmatics](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102322/547c3967b4af9fd42c8b48a9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CONTEXT
Linguistics Contexta) He is standing at the steep bank.b) She has to get to the bank to
cash a check.
Physical Context If you see the word BANK on the wall of a building in a city, the 'physical' location will influence your interpretation.
![Page 8: Intro. to Linguistics_13 Pragmatics](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102322/547c3967b4af9fd42c8b48a9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
DEIXIS
Deixis is reference by means of an expression whose interpretation is relative to the extra-linguistic context of the utterance.
• Person Deixis (it, this, me, you, him, them) • Time/ Temporal Deixis (now, then, tonight, last
week)• Place/Spatial Deixis (here, there, yonder)Deictic expressions have to be interpreted in terms of what person, place or time the speaker has in mind. o Here she comes! o There she goes!o Pay now, free tomorrow!
![Page 9: Intro. to Linguistics_13 Pragmatics](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102322/547c3967b4af9fd42c8b48a9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
REFERENCE
Words don't refer to anything but people refer. We have to define reference as an act by which a speaker (or writer) uses language to enable a listener (or reader) to identify something.
Who do you mean with the man?One man who always went by fast and loud on his motorcycle.
![Page 10: Intro. to Linguistics_13 Pragmatics](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102322/547c3967b4af9fd42c8b48a9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Kawasaki• Honda
(A brand name for a motorcycle can obviously be used for a person).
• InferenceoWhere's the fresh salad sitting?. oWe saw Shakespeare in London.o I enjoy listening to Mozart.
REFERENCE
![Page 11: Intro. to Linguistics_13 Pragmatics](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102322/547c3967b4af9fd42c8b48a9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ANAPHORA
Anaphora can be defined as subsequent reference to an already introduced entity.
A : Can I borrow your book?B : Yeah, it's on the table.
I was waiting for the bus, but he just drove by without stopping.
![Page 12: Intro. to Linguistics_13 Pragmatics](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102322/547c3967b4af9fd42c8b48a9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
PRESUPPOSITION
• The speaker is working with an assumption that the hearer knows which referent is intended.
• The assumption may be mistaken, but they underlie much of what we say in the everyday use of language.
• What a speaker assumes is true or is known by the hearer can be described as a presupposition
![Page 13: Intro. to Linguistics_13 Pragmatics](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102322/547c3967b4af9fd42c8b48a9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• My car is a wreck. • My car is not a wreck.
Notice that, although these two sentences have opposite meanings, the underlying presupposition, I have a car, remains true in both.
• I used to regret marrying him, but I don't regret marrying him now.
• Why did you arrive late? There is a presupposition that you did arrive late.
PRESUPPOSITION
![Page 14: Intro. to Linguistics_13 Pragmatics](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102322/547c3967b4af9fd42c8b48a9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
SPEECH ACTS
Visitor : Excuse me, do you know where the Marbella Hotel is?You : Oh sure, I know where it is.
(and walks away…)
The use of the term speech act covers 'actions' such as 'requesting', 'commanding', 'questioning' and 'informing'.
![Page 15: Intro. to Linguistics_13 Pragmatics](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102322/547c3967b4af9fd42c8b48a9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
POLITENESS
Politeness is showing awareness of another person's face.
• Give me that paper! (a face-threatening act)
• Could you pass me that paper, please? (a face-saving act)
![Page 16: Intro. to Linguistics_13 Pragmatics](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102322/547c3967b4af9fd42c8b48a9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Pragmatics is the study of speaker meaning. • Pragmatics is the study of contextual
meaning.• Pragmatics is the study of how more gets
communicated than is said.• Pragmatics is the study of the expression of
relative distance.(Yule, 1996:3)
SO, WHAT IS PRAGMATICS?
![Page 17: Intro. to Linguistics_13 Pragmatics](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102322/547c3967b4af9fd42c8b48a9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Understanding how people communicate is actually a process of interpreting not just what speakers say, but what they 'intend to mean'.
PRAGMATICS
![Page 18: Intro. to Linguistics_13 Pragmatics](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022102322/547c3967b4af9fd42c8b48a9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Thank You!