intro to info system

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Introduction to Information Systems



System – interrelated set of components thatfunction together to achieve an outcome

Three major components:

Input Process Output



It consists of the following components:

Purpose

Subsystems

Environment Boundary

Connections

Control Mechanism



Business System

Collection of policies, procedures, methods, people,machines, and other elements that interact and

enable the organization to achieve its goals. Information System

Collection of interrelated components that collect,process, store and provide as output the information

needed to complete a business task.



Components of an Information System:

Work practice: methods and procedures used bypeople and technology to perform work.

Information People

Information Technology: hardware and software



Growing size of the organization and thenumber of competitors.

Growing ability of computers to process large

amount of data with great speed. Dramatic increase in volumes of data

generated.

Advances in communication technologies to

permit faster data transmission. Increase in pace of business transactions.

Much more sophisticated technology today.



Transaction Processing System (TPS)

Process large amount of data for routine businessactivities or transactions.

Transaction: an event that generates or modifies datathat is eventually stored in IS.

Very important since they gather all the inputnecessary for other types of IS.



Management Information System (MIS)

Provide a standard reports for managers abouttransaction data.

Work on the purposeful interaction between peopleand computers.

Supports broader range of an organizational tasks:including decision analysis and decision making.



Decision Support System (DSS)

Are designed to help organizational decision makersindentify and choose between options or decisions.

Provides an interactive environment in whichdecision makers can quickly manipulate data andmodels of business operations.

Depend on a database as a source of data.



Office Automation System (OAS)

Support general office work for handling andmanaging documents and facilitating

communication. Includes word processing, spreadsheets, desktop

publishing, electronic scheduling, andcommunication through voice mail, email and videoconferencing.



Expert System (ES)

Also called knowledge-based system

Perform a task that would otherwise be performed

by a human expert. Designed to take the place of human expert, while

others are designed to aid them.

Part of general category of computer applications

known as Artificial Intelligence (AI).



Executive Information Systems (EIS)

Provide a generalizerd computing andcommunication environment to senior managers to

support strategic decisions. Rely on the information generated by MIS and allow

communication with external sources of information.

Designed to facilitate senior managers’ access to

information quickly and effectively.



1. The more specialized a system is, the less able itis to adapt to different circumstances.

2. The more general-purpose a system is, the less

optimized it is for any particular situation. Butthe more the system is optimized for aparticular situation, the less adaptable it will beto new circumstances.



3. The larger the system is, the more of itsresources that must be devoted to its everydaymaintenance.

4. Systems are always part of larger systems, andthey can always be partitioned into smallersystems.

5. Systems grow. This principle could not be true

for all systems, but many of the systems withwhich we are familiar do grow, because weoften fail to take into account when we begindeveloping the system.



System sponsors/owners

Pay for the system to be built and operated and setthe vision and priorities for the system.

System users Who actually use the system on a regular basis to

support the operation and management of theorganization.



System designers

Technical specialists that translate the businessrequirements into a feasible technical solution.

System builders Technical specialists who build, test, and deliver the

information system.

System analysts

People who determine the requirements that mustbe met by the information system.



As a consultant

Address specific information systems issues within abusiness.

As supporting expert Draws on professional expertise concerning

computer hardware and software and their uses inthe business



As agent of change

Perform any of the activities in the SDLC and arepresent in the business for an extended period

Advocates a particular avenue of change involvingthe use of information system.



Computers and how they work

Devices that interact with computers, includinginput, storage, and output devices

Communication networks that connectcomputers

Databases and database management systems

Programming languages

Operating systems and utilities Software packages such as MS Access that can

be used to develop systems



Integrated development environments (IDEs)for specific programming languages

Computer-aided system engineering (CASE)

tools that store information about systemspecifications created by analysts andsometimes generate program code.

Program code generators, testing tools,

configuration management tools, softwarelibrary management tools, documentationsupport tools, project management tools, andothers.



Have an understanding of the businessorganizations in general.

Understand the type of organization for which

they work. Some specifics the analyst needs to know about

the company:

What the specific organization does

What makes it successful

What its strategies and plans are

What its traditions and values are



Understand a lot about people since theyusually work on development teams with otheremployees.

Possess many interpersonal skills Understand how people:

Think

Learn

React to change

Communicate

Work (in a variety of jobs and levels)



Research on the following topics:

Traditional vs. Object-Oriented Approach

Waterfall Model

Prototyping Model Spiral Model

Unified Process

Extreme Programming

Agile Modeling

Rapid Application Development

Joint Application Development

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