intro to fastener_technology_part2_r2010
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An Aerospace An Aerospace Manufacturing Manufacturing
PerspectivePerspective
Introduction to Fastener TechnologyIntroduction to Fastener Technology
Part 2Part 2
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Fasteners in AviationFasteners in Aviation
Fastener Overview:– Types of Fastener:
Permanent Fastening– Welding – Adhesive Bonding– Riveting
Temporary Fastening
– Threaded– Non-Threaded
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Permanent Fastening
Welding Adhesive Bonding
Riveting
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Welding
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•Welded Joint
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Adhesive Bonding
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• Adhesive bonded composite test strips
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Riveting
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• Rivet joints on a Cessna 152
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Welding
Fastening methods that join together two pieces of metal by melting the base metals and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material
Can be carried out by the use of heat or pressure or both and with or without added metal.
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Types of Welding
Most aerospace industry utilizes:– MIG Welding
– TIG Welding
– Friction Stir Welding (FSW)
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MIG or GMAW Welding
Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding / Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW):– Easiest welding process– Able to bond a wide range of material
types and thicknesses– Easily adapted for automation and
semi-automation welding applications
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MIG or GMAW Welding
Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding / Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) Equipment:
1) Welding torch
2) Work piece
3) Power source
4) Wire feed unit
5) Electrode source
6) Shielding gas supply.
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MIG or GMAW Welding
Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding / Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) Area:
1) Direction of travel
2) Contact tube
3) Electrode
4) Shielding gas
5) Molten weld metal
6) Solidified weld metal
7) Work piece.
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TIG or GTAW Welding
Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding sometimes referred by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) :– Most complicated welding process
Requires both hands to work; one hand is used for feeding a filler metal, while the other hand is use to control the welding torch.
– Like GMAW, it has the ability to bond a wide range of material types
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TIG or GTAW Welding
GTAW system setup
Equipment :- A welding torch- Constant-current welding power supply - Shielding gas source
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Friction Stir Welding (FSW)
Unique solid-state welding Maintain the original metal characteristic Typically used on a large piece of metal Discovering a greater use in aerospace industry
applications, such as:– Very low distortion and shrinkage– No fumes, sparks, or porosity– Repeatable– Cost and weight reduction– Improved joint quality
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FSW process
A. Two discrete metal work pieces butted together, along with the tool (with a probe).
B. The progress of the tool through the joint, also showing the weld zone and the region affected by the tool shoulder.
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Friction Stir Welding (FSW)
Used to manufacture some of the Airbus component such as the wing rib
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Welding Geometry
Five basics types of weld joints are:– Butt Joint– Lap Joint– Corner Joint– Edge Joint– T-Joint
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Adhesive Bonding
Benefits of Adhesive bonding – The ability to reduce significant amount of
fasteners weight in the aerospace structures– Improve the aerospace aerodynamic and
performance– Able to adjust rapid temperature changes, from
sub-zero temperature in the stratosphere to ground-level temperatures in desert climates
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Adhesive Bonding
Substances that are able to bond two materials together by :
– Adhesion Force between adhesive
and substrate
– Cohesion Internal strength of
adhesive itself.
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Examples of Adhesive Bonding
Internal structures with lightweight honeycomb sheets
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Adhesive Bonding
21• Adhesive bonded composite test strips with honeycomb core
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Riveting
Smooth cylindrical shaft with a head on one end
One of the earliest methods of fastening metal together and most popular choices in today’s applications for it is known as the most reliable fasteners
Aerospace industries use hundreds of thousands of solid rivets to assemble structural parts of an aircraft
Classic materials for aircraft rivets are aluminum, titanium, and nickel based alloys22
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Riveting
Riveting is a primary fastening method used in aviation
Much more information on riveting will follow in Aerospace Fastener Applications, Part 2, including:– Sizes and types of rivets– Rivet part number identification– Installation procedures
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