intro to earth science
DESCRIPTION
Intro to Earth science. Mr. Gift Earth/Environmental Science. What is Earth Science?. The study of the earth and the universe (multiverse) around it Multiverse? – our universe is only one of multiple universes Several different branches of Earth Science in order to cover all aspects. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Mr. GiftEarth/Environmental Science
INTRO TO EARTH SCIENCE
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WHAT IS EARTH SCIENCE?• The study of the earth and the universe
(multiverse) around it
• Multiverse? – our universe is only one of multiple universes
• Several different branches of Earth Science in order to cover all aspects
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LITHOSPHERE (GEOLOGY)• Origin, history, and structure of the solid earth• Natural resources• Forces within earth• Fossils to learn about earth’s past
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HYDROSPHERE (OCEANOGRAPHY)
• Study of earth’s water (3/4 of earth’s surface)• Oceans, rivers, groundwater, water vapor• Oceanography – study of oceans and life in
oceans
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ATMOSPHERE (METEOROLOGY)• Study of Earth’s gases• Weather patterns• Weather forecasts• Climate Change
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BIOSPHERE (ECOLOGY)• Study of the complex relationships between
living things and the environment• Balancing the environment• Pollution and its affects on the planet• Ecosystem – community of organisms and the
environment they inhabit• Biosphere – all life on earth and physical
environment which supports it
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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES• All of these branches of Earth science have
environmental issues• We will be studying the following:• Water shortages/pollution• Climate Change• Species degradation/extinction• Overpopulation/Ecological Footprint
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ASTRONOMY• Study of universe beyond earth• Oldest branch• Ancient Babylonians charted planet positions
4,000 years ago
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THE BEGINNING...• ...of the universe• Time and matter• What is matter• What is the difference/similarities of matter
and energy• What is time?
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BIG BANG THEORY• EXPANDING Universe – rewind
it...what happens• Lead scientists to believe Universe was
together at one time
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BIG BANG THEORY• All matter and energy compressed into
extremely small volume• 14 billion years ago (??) sudden event (big
bang) sent all matter and energy hurling outward
• As cloud expanded, matter gathered into clumps and evolved into galaxies
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The Size of our Universe and Our Place in the Cosmos
OUR PLACE IN THE UNIVERSE
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WHERE DO WE LIVE?• We obviously live on the planet earth• Earth Revolves around our start called the Sun• One of multiple planets in our solar system
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OUR SOLAR SYSTEM• Earth is the 3rd planet from the Sun in
our SOLAR SYSTEM• Approximately 100 billion stars in our galaxy
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OUR GALAXY• Our Solar System is located in the Milky Way
Galaxy• Galaxy - a large system of stars held together
by mutual gravitation and isolated from similar systems by vast regions of space
• Approximately 100-200 billion galaxies in the universe
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LOCAL GROUP• Cluster of Galaxies in a “smaller” area• Ours includes 54 galaxies (including our
own)
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UNIVERSE• Totality of existence,[including planets, stars,
galaxies the contents of intergalactic space, and all matter and energy.
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SIZE OF OUR UNIVERSE• On Earth, we use miles or km for
measurement • Earth’s circumference at the equator is
24,901 miles (40,075 km)
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SIZE OF OUR UNIVERSE• In our solar system, we use Astronomical Units
(AU)• 1 AU is approximately 150 million km• Earth is 1 AU from the sun• Neptune is 30.07 AU from the sun (4.5
billion km)
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SIZE OF OUR UNIVERSE• In the Universe we use light years (ly)
• Light year – How far light can travel in one year• Light travels 300,000 m/s• 1 light year (ly) = 9.46 trillion km• Ex: the Milky Way is between 100,000 and
120,000 light years across
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http://scaleofuniverse.com/