intro to cell division. what else do cells do? repair growth reproduction asexual sexual
TRANSCRIPT
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Intro To Cell Division
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What else do cells do?
Repair
Growth
ReproductionAsexualSexual
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Repair
Cells are constantly repairing themselves
If a cell can’t be repaired new ones are produced to fill the void
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Growth
Cells are also what create our size
As we grow our cells are constantly reproducing
If the reproduction rate is faster than normal we grow
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ReproductionAsexual
Done by somatic or body cells
Creates identical daughter cells
Sexual
Done by sex cells
Creates genetically different daughter cells
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Chromatin: a mass of DNA found in the nucleus (uncompacted)
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Chromosome: a compacted piece of chromatin that is used for cell division
Sister Chromatids: A pair of identical Chromosomes
Centromere: The center section where the sister chromatids are connected
Sister chromatids
Centromere
TE
M 3
6,60
0
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LE 8-4
Sister chromatids
Centromere
TE
M 3
6,60
0
Sister chromatids
Chromosomedistribution
todaughter
cells
Chromosomeduplication
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CentromereSister chromatids
Draw this
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How do cells divide?
Cell Cycle: an orderly sequence of events where cells divide
The cell cycle consists of two major phases
Interphase (90% of the time)Mitotic Phase (10% of the time)
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LE 8-5
INTERPHASE
G1
G2
S(DNA synthesis)
Cytokinesis
Mito
sis
MITOTICPHASE (M)
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InterphasePhase where all metabolic processes and functions happen
Ex:Cellular respirationProtein creationMovementGrowthOther desired function
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Interphase
Interphase is also when the cell prepares for cell division
Ex:Increases proteinsDuplicates organellesGrows in sizeDuplication of DNA
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Mitotic PhaseThe division phase of the cell
There are two main parts of M-phase
Mitosis Cytokinesis
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Mitotic phaseMitosis
The division of a cells nucleus and DNA into two equal partsCreates two daughter nuclei
CytokinesisThe division of the cells cytoplasm
Together they create two identical daughter cells
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MitosisInterphase:
DNA is duplicated
Prophase:Sister chromatids are formedFormation of spindleNuclear envelope breaks down
Metaphase:Sister chromatids line upSpindle is formed and attaching to chromosomes
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LE 8-6a
INTERPHASE PROPHASE PROMETAPHASE
Kinetochore
Fragmentsof nuclearenvelope
CentrosomeEarly mitoticspindleChromatin
Centrosomes(with centriole pairs)
LM
250
Nucleolus Nuclearenvelope
Plasmamembrane
Chromosome, consistingof two sister chromatids
Centromere Spindle microtubules
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MitosisAnaphase:
Separation of sister chromatidsSpindle pulls chromosomes to either side of the cell
Telophase:Spindle breaks downNuclear envelopes form (2)Chromosomes loosen to become chromatin
Cytokinesis:Cell pulls apart to create two identical cells
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LE 8-6b
METAPHASE ANAPHASE TELOPHASE AND CYTOKINESIS
Metaphaseplate
Spindle Daughterchromosomes
Nuclearenvelopeforming
Cleavagefurrow
Nucleolusforming
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CytokinesisAnimal Cells
Formation begins with indentation
Cell is pulled/ pinched until it breaks apart
Plant Cells
Formation begins with a disc containing cell wall materials
A cell plate forms between the two nuclei
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Cytokinesis in animal cells
Plants
Formation begins with a disc containing cell wall materials
A cell plate forms between the two nuclei
Cleavage furrow
Cleavagefurrow
Daughter cells
Cleavagefurrow
Contracting ring ofmicrofilaments
SE
M 1
40
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Cytokinesis in plant cells
Cell wall New cell wall
Daughter cellsCell plateVesicles containingcell wall material