Intro to Anatomy and Physiology

Chapter 1

Hierarchical organization

From the basic building blocks in the smallest level to the most complex in the highest level

Each influences the next level

Structure and Function

Most importantly, structure and function will come into play multiple times throughout the whole year

Neither can be completely understood without the influences of the other

Homeostasis

Homeostasis(from Greek: hómoios, "similar", stásis, "standing still”)the property of a system, regulates its internal environment, tends to maintain a stable, constant condition (such as temperature or pH)

Response to environment and changes; essential for survival

Partner Discussion

• How do you go about determining something is alive?

• Why is something not alive?

Intro – Living System

• Responsiveness• Growth• Reproduction• Movement• Metabolism

Science of

Anatomy • STRUCTURE–What happens if a

structure changes its shape?

Physiology• FUNCTION–What will affect an

organism to change its function?

The relationship will be important to predicting either structure or function.

Levels of Organization

• Chemical• Cellular• Tissue• Organ• Organ System• Organism

Systems (11)

• Integumentary• Skeletal• Muscular• Nervous• Endocrine• Cardiovascular

• Lymphatic• Respiratory• Digestive• Urinary• Reproductive

WATCH VIDEO

Living Systems

Body Systems- from the Outside In

Integumentary System: THE SKIN--Structure: layers of tissue with hair, pores, nerve cells--Function: protection, information gatheringComponents: epidermis, dermis, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, nails, sensory receptors, subcutaneous layer

Body Systems- from the Outside In

Muscular System: MUSCLES--Structure: cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle--Function: movement, aids support and bracing

Body Systems- from the Outside In

Skeletal System: BONES--Structure: bones, cartilage, joints--Function: support and protection, bone marrow=blood cell production site

Body Systems- from the Outside In

Nervous System: NERVES--Structure: nerves, spinal cord, brain--Function: receive information from environment for bodily reactionComponents: central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)[ [peri-about, around ] i.e. perimeter]]

Body Systems- from the Outside In

Digestive System: EATING--Structure: entrance and saliva, throat, stomach, intestines, exit--Function: get nutrients out of food for the bodyComponents: salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, large intestine

Body Systems- from the Outside In

Urinary System: WASTE--Structure: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra--Function: sorting, holding, getting rid of waste

Body Systems- from the Outside In

Cardiovascular System: BLOOD & pumping it--Structure: heart, vessels, blood--Function: move what the body needs within itComponents: veins, arteries, capillaries, blood cells[cardio- heart; vascular- of or related to vessels]

Body Systems- from the Outside In

Respiratory System: BREATHING--Structure: entrance, throat, lungs--Function: help with performing breathing; exchanging gassesComponents: nasal, cavities, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli

Body Systems- from the Outside In

Lymphatic System: DEFENSE--Structure: lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus--Function: fights infections and diseasesComponents: lymphocytes ( (helper) T-cells)

Body Systems- from the Outside In

Endocrine System: HORMONES--Structure: glands, kidneys, pancreas, gonads--Function: controls development and long term changes

Body Systems- from the Outside In

Reproductive System: OFFSPRING--Structure: production site, travel/movement area, exit--Function: create gametes, or bundles of partial characteristics to pass on to offspringComponents:

Male (internal): testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, urethra

Female: ovaries, fallopian/ uterine tubes, uterus, vagina