UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGPROCESS ENGINEERING LABORATORY

(CPE453)

NAME

STUDENT NO.

:

:

UMIRAH RASHIDAH BINTI DALIP

2013474784

EXPERIMENT : LAB 5: FLOWMETER DEMONSTRATION

DATE PERFORMED

DATE OF SUBMISSION

:

:

28 NOVEMBER 2014

13 NOVEMBER 2014

SEMESTER : 3

PROGRAMME / CODE SUBMIT TO

:

:

EH 222 3CMADAM SUHAILA BINTI MOHD SAUID

Remarks:

Checked by:

No. Title Allocated marks % Marks %1 Abstract/Summary 5  2 Introduction 5  3 Aims/Objectives 5  4 Theory 5  5 Apparatus 5  6 Methodology/Procedure 10  7 Results 10  8 Calculation 10  9 Discussion 20  10 Conclusion 10  11 Recommendation 5  12 Reference 5  13 Appendix 5  

TOTAL MARKS 100  

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGES

1. Abstract/Summary

2. Introduction

3. Aims/Objectives

4. Theory

5. Apparatus

6. Methodology/Procedure

7. Results

8. Calculation

9. Discussion

10. Conclusion

11. Recommendation

12. Reference

13. Appendix

1.0 Introduction

In this experiment we are required to demonstrate the Flowmeter Measurement Apparatus

(Model FM 101). Flowmeter Measurement Apparatus (Model FM 101) is designed to operate

with any hydraulic bench or water supply. It consist of venture device, orifice device and

rotameter where these three devices are use to compare the flow measurement. The flow

comparison can further be used to compare against the flow measurement of the hydraulic

bench which can be be either by Gravimetric or Volumetric Method, depending on the type

of hydraulic bench used. (Solteq Equipment for Engineering Education Experimental

Manual, n.d )

In the Flowmeter Measurement Apparatus (Model FM 101) there is a 90 degree elbow with

pressure tappings before and after this elbow. It functions as to provide and added function to

this apparatus allowing us to calculate the total head loss and loss coefficient when the fluid

flows through the devices. This apparatus allowed us to carry out experiment on direct

comparison of flow measurement using venturi, orifice, rotameter and bench, determination

of total head loss, and loss coefficient of fluid flow through a 90 degree elbow and

comparison of pressure drop against each device.

Figure 1: Flowmeter Measurement Apparatus

2.0 Theory

Water Flow Measuring Apparatus is designed as a free-standing apparatus for use on the

Hydraulics Bench, although it could be used in conjunction with a low pressure water supply

controlled by a valve and a discharge to drain. Water enters the apparatus through the lower

left-hand end and flows horizontally through a sudden enlargement into a transparent venturi

meter, and into an orifice plate, a 90º elbow changes the flow direction to vertical and

connects to a variable area flow meter, a second bend passes the flow into a discharge pipe

which incorporates an atmospheric break.[1]

Figure 2: Flowmeter Measurement Apparatus ( FM 101)

2.1 Venturi Meter

It consists of venture tubes and a suitable differential pressure gauge. In the venturi meter the

fluid is accelerated through a converging cone of angle 15-20° and the pressure difference

between the upstream side of the cone and the throat is measured and provides the signal for

the rate of flow.[2] The venture tube has a converging portion, a throat and a diverging

portion. The function of converging portion is to increase the velocity of the fluid and lower

its static pressure. The developed pressure between inlet and throat is correlated with the rate

of the discharge. The diverging cone serves to change the area of the stream back to the

entrance area hence converting velocity head to pressure head.[3]

Figure 3: The Venturi Meter

The height of the water in each tube is then measured and used to calculate the pressure at the

linked point in the meter, using the equation P=ρgh where P is pressure, ρ is density, g is the

gravitational constant and h is the measured height. The flow rate can then be calculated

using Bernoulli’s equation [3] :

Where V is velocity, g is the gravitational constant, P is pressure, ρ is density and Z is the

height (in this case the height difference is zero and irrelevant). However in real fluid flow

the value expected from the equation 2 should be less due to irreversibilities. Since flow rate

is velocity multiplied by area (Q=VA), Bernoulli’s equation can be rearranged into an

equation to calculate Q:

In metering practice, this non ideality is accounted by insertion of an experimentally

determined coefficient, Cd which means coefficient discharge. Hence the Z1=Z2, the equation

becomes;

2.2 Orifice Meter

The orifice meter is use as a metering device in pipeline consist of a concentric square-edged

circular hole in a thin plate, which is clamped between the flanges of the as shown in the

figure.

Figure 4: The Orifice Meter

The calculation on orifice meter can be calculated from;

2.3 Rotameter

It is also known as a flow meter in which a rotating free float is the indicating element. It

consists of transparent tapered vertical tube through which fluid flow is upward. The freely

float is placed within the tube. The float is rises only when there is flow. When there is no

flow it stays on the bottom.[4]

Figure 5: Rotameter

12.0 References

[1]. Fayyad Experiment 4 Flow Measurement

(www.site.iugaza.edu.ps/t77328/files/Experiment-41.pdf) retrieved on November 29,

2014.

[2]. http://fetweb.ju.edu.jo/ME/courses/labs/measurements/labsheetmeasurements.pdf

retrieved on November 29 , 2014

[3]. J.F. Douglas, J.M. Gasiorek, J.A. Swaffield. 2011. Fluid Mechanics VI, Prentice Hall.

[4]. Solteq Equipment for Engineering Education Experimental Manual, n.d

[5].