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INTRO Good evening, I am your host Karen Hudes in this series on the Network of Global Corporate Control. Today's segment is called "The Moors" and is pre-recorded. Thanks to DCTV, Carmen Stanley, Studio Producer and Director; Maurice Jackson, Audio and Prompter We have to watch out that efforts to divide the United States along racial lines by that agent of the Banking Cartel, Donald Trump, fail. That is why this segment is devoted to learning about the Moors. How the Banking Cartel started the civil war in the US https://s3.amazonaws.com/khudes/Twitter8.31.16.pdf

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The Berbers-Tuareg-Moors of North Africa

(All of these terms are actually foreign designations, and offensive to the people) let me acknowledge this website, from which I have drawn much of this teleprompter (please take the dates in this teleprompter with a grain of salt, as we have learned from the Chronologia

science from Moscow State University http://www.chronologia.org/en

http://realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancient/Misc/True_Negros/The_True_Negro_2a.htm

Iberia

(Spain and Portugal)

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The Iberian Peninsula because of its close proximity to Africa, has been inhabited for at least 1,000,000 years. At about 45,000 B.C. the Khoisan type African “Grimaldi,” became the first “Modern Man” to enter Europe; as he crossed the Gibraltar straits and started

his journey across Europe. (Europe and Africa are NOW separated by 7.7 nautical miles - during glacial periods it was much less). In a previous episode, we have shown how Atlantis was located there. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNy9ItNMezY

https://s3.amazonaws.com/khudes/dctvteleprompt4.26.2.pdf

During the Neolithic expansion, various megalithic cultures developed in Iberia. An open seas navigation culture from the east Mediterranean, probably from Crete, called the Cardium culture, also extended its

influence to the eastern coasts of Iberia, possibly as early as the 5th millennium B.C.

In the Chalcolithic or Copper Age (c. 3000 B.C. in Iberia) a series of complex cultures developed, which would

give rise to the first civilizations in Iberia and to extensive exchange networks reaching to the Baltic, the Middle East and North Africa. At about 2150 B.C. the Bell Beaker culture intruded into Chalcolithic Iberia, being of Celtic origin.

Around 1100 B.C. Phoenician merchants founded the trading colony of Gadir or Gades (modern day Cádiz) near Tartessos. The Phoenican merchants were a fragment left over from Atlantis. In the 8th century B.C. the first Whites arrived, the Greeks established colonies such as Emporion (modern Empúries), these were founded along the

Mediterranean coast on the East, leaving the south coast to the Phoenicians. The Greeks are responsible for the name Iberia, after the river Iber (Ebro). In the 6th century B.C. the Phoenician Carthaginians arrived in Iberia while struggling with the Greeks for control of the Western Mediterranean. Their most important colony was Carthago Nova (Latin name of

modern day Cartagena).

In 219 B.C. the first Roman troops invaded the Iberian Peninsula, this during the Second Punic war against

the Carthaginians. After two centuries of war with the Celtic and Iberian tribes, and also the Phoenician, Greek and Carthaginian colonies, Rome annexed it

under Augustus, resulting in the creation of the province of Hispania. It was divided into Hispania Ulterior and Hispania Citerior during the late Roman Republic, and during the Roman Empire, it was

divided into Hispania Taraconensis in the northeast,

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Hispania Baetica in the south and Lusitania in the southwest.

In the early 5th century A.D. new Whites invaded, these were Germanic tribes from Eastern Europe, namely the Suevi, the Vandals (Silingi and Hasdingi) and their allies, the Sarmatian Alans. Only the kingdom of the Suevi (Quadi and Marcomanni) would endure after the arrival of another wave of Germanic invaders - The Visigoths; who had earlier established their own kingdom with its capital at Toulouse France. They slowly extended their authority

into Hispania, displacing the Vandals and Alans. The Visigoths, subsequently conquered all of the Iberian peninsula and expelled or partially integrated the Vandals and the Alans. The Visigoths eventually conquered the Suevi kingdom and its capital city Bracara (modern day Braga) in 584-585 A.D. They would also conquer the province of the Byzantine Empire Spania, in the south of the peninsula and the Balearic Islands.

The Moors

White historians, in their bid to make ancient Europeans seem White, have chosen to ignore the "obvious" relationships that must have existed between Berbers and the people of iberia. When Grimaldi crossed the Gibraltar straits to enter Europe, all of his kind did not

follow. When Humans move to new territories "Most" stay behind in the old territory, and they "maintain" their relationships; there is always back and forth travel for trade and communication. It is against this backdrop that the Berber invasion of Iberia must be viewed. The Berbers did not enter Iberia as destroyers, they entered as builders!

Thus, after Muhammad's Islamic army took Egypt in 640 A.D. and then went on to conquer all of North Africa. The Berbers no-doubt saw this new Black army as an opportunity; so rather than fight, the Berbers joined forces with the Islamic army. In 711 A.D. A Berber army led by general Tariq ibn Ziyad, invaded Iberia (Spain) and overthrew the White Visigoths (Western Goths): Who were one of two main branches of the Goths, an east

Germanic tribe, who over the period of only one hundred years, had migrated from eastern Europe, thru Greece, thru Italy, and finally down into the Iberian peninsula.

In Iberia (Spain and Portugal), the Berbers, now known as Moors, created a highly advanced civilization and culture, famous for it’s art, architecture, and centers of learning. While having rule over Spain: The Berbers, who themselves fifty years earlier had been

forced to accept Islam, now sometimes forced the inhabitants of Iberia to do the same. Though the number of original "Moors" remained small, many native Iberian inhabitants converted to Islam. According to Ronald Segal, some 5.6 million of Iberia's 7 million inhabitants were Muslim by 1200 A.D, virtually all of them native inhabitants. According to

historian Richard A. Fletcher, the number of Arabs who settled in Iberia was very small. There were about 900,000 Berbers and about 90,000 Arabs in Iberia. (More history below).

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Muslim Spain and European Culture

Dean Derhak

When you think of European culture, one of the first things that may come to your mind is the renaissance. Many of the roots of European culture can be traced back to that glorious time of art, science, commerce and architecture. But did you know that long before the renaissance there was a place of humanistic beauty in Muslim Spain? Not only was it

artistic, scientific and commercial, but it also exhibited incredible tolerance, imagination and poetry. Moors, as the Spaniards call the Muslims, populated Spain for nearly 700 years.

As you'll see, it was their civilization that enlightened Europe and brought it out of the dark ages to usher in the renaissance. Many of their cultural and intellectual influences still live with us today.

Way back during the eighth century, Europe was still knee-deep in the Medieval period. That's not the only thing they were knee-deep in. In his book, "The Day The Universe Changed," the historian James Burke describes how the typical European townspeople lived:

"The inhabitants threw all their refuse into the drains in the center of the narrow streets. The stench must have been overwhelming, though it appears to have gone virtually

unnoticed. Mixed with excrement and urine would be the soiled reeds and straw used to cover the dirt floors.

This squalid society was organized under a feudal system and had little that would resemble a commercial economy. Along with other restrictions, the Catholic Church forbade the lending of money - which didn't help get things booming much. "Anti-Semitism, previously rare, began to increase. Money lending, which was forbidden by the Church, was permitted under Jewish law." (Burke, 1985, p. 32) Jews worked to develop a currency although they were heavily persecuted for it. Medieval Europe was a miserable lot, which ran high in illiteracy, superstition, barbarism and filth.

During this same time, Arabs entered Europe from the South. ABD AL-RAHMAN I, a survivor of a family of caliphs of the Arab empire, reached Spain in the mid-700's. He became the

first Caliph of Al-Andalus, the Moorish part of Spain, which occupied most of the Iberian

Peninsula. He also set up the UMAYYAD Dynasty that ruled Al-Andalus for over three-hundred years. (Grolier, History of Spain). Al Andalus means, "the land of the Vandals," from which comes the modern name Andalusia.

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At first, the land resembled the rest of Europe in all its squalor. But within two-hundred years the Moors had turned Al-Andalus into a bastion of culture, commerce and beauty. "Irrigation systems imported from Syria and Arabia turned the dry plains... into an

agricultural cornucopia. Olives and wheat had always grown there. The Arabs added pomegranates, oranges, lemons, aubergines, artichokes, cumin, coriander, bananas, almonds, pams, henna, woad, madder, saffron, sugar-cane, cotton, rice, figs, grapes, peaches, apricots and rice." (Burke, 1985, p. 37)

By the beginning of the ninth century, Moorish Spain was the gem of Europe with its capital city, Cordova. With the establishment of Abdurrahman III - "the great caliphate of Cordova" - came the golden age of Al-Andalus. Cordova, in southern Spain, was the intellectual center of Europe.

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At a time when London was a tiny mud-hut village that "could not boast of a single streetlamp" (Digest, 1973, p. 622), in Cordova "there were half a million inhabitants, living in 113,000 houses. There were 700 mosques and 300 public baths spread throughout the

city and its twenty-one suburbs. The streets were paved and lit." (Burke, 1985, p. 38) The houses had marble balconies for summer and hot-air ducts under the mosaic floors for the

winter. They were adorned with gardens with artificial fountains and orchards". (Digest, 1973, p. 622) "Paper, a material still unknown to the west, was everywhere. There were bookshops and more than seventy libraries." (Burke, 1985, p. 38).

This rich and sophisticated society took a tolerant view towards other faiths. Tolerance was unheard of in the rest of Europe. But in Moorish Spain, "thousands of Jews and Christians lived in peace and harmony with their Muslim overlords." (Burke, 1985, p. 38) The society had a literary rather than religious base. Economically their prosperity was unparalleled for centuries. The aristocracy promoted private land ownership and encouraged Jews in banking. There was little or no Muslim prostelyting. Instead, non-believers simply paid an extra tax!

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In another of James Burke's works titled "Connections," he describes how the Moors

thawed out Europe from the Dark Ages. "But the event that must have done more for the intellectual and scientific revival of Europe was the fall of Toledo in Spain to the Christians, in 1105." In Toledo the Arabs had huge libraries containing the lost (to Christian Europe)

works of the Greeks and Romans along with Arab philosophy and mathematics. "The Spanish libraries were opened, revealing a store of classics and Arab works that staggered Christian Europeans." (Burke, 1978, p. 123)

The intellectual plunder of Toledo brought the scholars of northern Europe like moths to a

candle. The Christians set up a giant translating program in Toledo. Using the Jews as interpreters, they translated the Arabic books into Latin. These books included "most of the

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major works of Greek science and philosophy... along with many original Arab works of scholarship." (Digest, p. 622) "The intellectual community which the northern scholars

found in Spain was so far superior to what they had at home that it left a lasting jealousy of Arab culture, which was to color Western opinions for centuries" (Burke, 1985, p. 41)

"The subjects covered by the texts included medicine, astrology, astronomy pharmacology,

psychology, physiology, zoology, biology, botany, mineralogy, optics, chemistry, physics, mathematics, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, music, meteorology, geography, mechanics, hydrostatics, navigation and history." (Burke, 1985, p. 42) These works alone however,

didn't kindle the fire that would lead to the renaissance. They added to Europe's knowledge, but much of it was unappreciated without a change in the way Europeans viewed the world.

Beginning of the End

In Iberia, many of the ousted White nobles took refuge in the unconquered north Asturian highlands. From there they aimed to reconquer their lands from the Moors: this war of reconquest is known as the Reconquista. It began in about 900 A.D. when a small Christian enclave of Visigoths in northwestern Spain, named Asturias; initiated conflicts between Christians and Muslims. Soon after, Christian states based in the north and west slowly; in fits and starts, began a process of expansion and reconquest of Iberia over the next several

hundred years. The end for the Moors came on January 2, 1492: the leader of the last Moorish City "Granada" (located in southern Spain) - surrendered to armies of a recently united Christian Spain (after the marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile). This ended the 800 year reign of the Moors in Iberia.

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The Surrender of Granada

By some historical accounts: In 1491, Muhammad XII was summoned by Ferdinand and Isabella to surrender the city of Granada, and on his refusal it was besieged by the

Castilians. Eventually, on 2 January, 1492, Granada was surrendered. In most sumptuous attire the royal procession moved from Santa Fe to a place a little more than a mile from Granada, where Ferdinand took up his position by the banks of the Genil. A private letter written by an eyewitness to the bishop of León only six days after the event recorded the scene.

With the royal banners and the cross of Christ plainly visible on the red walls of the Alhambra: …the Moorish sultan with about eighty or a hundred on horseback very well dressed went forth to kiss the hand of their Highnesses. According to the final capitulation agreement both Isabel and Ferdinand will decline the offer and the key to Granada will pass

into Spanish hands without Muhammad XII having to kiss the hands of Los Royes, as the Spanish royal couple became known. Muhammad XII indomitable mother insisted on sparing his son this final humiliation. The Moorish sultan was received with much love and courtesy and there they handed over to him his son, who had been a hostage from the time of his capture, and as they stood there, there came about four hundred captives, of this who were in the enclosure, with the cross and a solemn procession singing the Te Deum

Laudamus, and their highnesses dismounted to adore the Cross to the accompaniment of the tears and reverential devotion of the crowd, not least of the Cardinal and Master of Santiago and the Duke of Cadiz and all the other grandees and gentlemen and people who

stood there, and there was no one who did not weep abundantly with pleasure giving thanks to Our Lord for what they saw, for they could not keep back the tears; and the Moorish sultan and the Moors who were with him for their part could not disguise the sadness and pain they felt for the joy of the Christians, and certainly with much reason on account of their loss, for Granada is the most distinguished and chief thing in the world…

Christopher Columbus seems to have been present; he refers to the surrender on the first page of his Diario de las Derrotas y Caminos:

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After your Highnesses ended the war of the Moors who reigned in Europe, and finished the war of the great city of Granada, where this present year [1492] on the 2nd January I saw

the royal banners of Your Highnesses planted by force of arms on the towers of the Alhambra, which is the fortress of the said city, I saw the Moorish sultan issue from the gates of the said city, and kiss the royal hands of Your Highnesses…

Exile

Legend has it that as the royal party moved south toward exile, they reached a rocky prominence which gave a last view of the city. Muhammad XII reined in his horse and, surveying for the last time the Alhambra and the green valley that spread below, burst into tears. When his mother approached him she said: "Weep like a woman for what you could not defend as a man". The spot from which Muhammad XII looked for the last time on Granada is known as "the Moor's last sigh" (el último suspiro del Moro). (it's probably not true - as we know, White people DO tend to lie).

The Moors last sigh - Francisco Pradilla y Ortiz (1848-1921)

Note the faces above: Already the move is afoot to depict the Moors as White people.

Muhammad XII was given an estate in Láujar de Andarax, Las Alpujarras, a mountainous area between the Sierra Nevada and the Mediterranean Sea, but he soon crossed the Strait

of Gibraltar to Fez, Morocco. The Spanish royal secretary Fernando de Zafra mentions in his

letter of 9 December 1492 that Muhammad XII and his followers leave Andarax which left one month to go to Tlemcen, where he stayed little longer. He left in September or October 1492. He explained that his wife died in Andarax is that it is buried in Mondújar.

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The remaining Muslims and Jews of Iberia were forced to leave Iberia or die; or convert to Roman Catholic Christianity. Many of the Jews who were expelled from Spain and Portugal

immigrated to Holland, where they set up the Dutch West Indies Company, a prime mover in the Atlantic slave trade. We have seen that the Dutch West Indies Company was a

precursor to the Network of Global Corporate Control. Ironically, eight months after the last Moorish city fell: it was in the nearby town of Palos, on the evening of August 3, 1492. That Christopher Columbus would depart from Palos on his journey to the Americas. One result of which, would be the Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic Slave trade.

The story of Black slavery in the Americas, of course begins with Christopher Columbus. It is alleged that his voyage to the Americas was not financed by Queen Isabella, but rather by the Jew Luis de Santangelo, who supposedly advanced the

sum of 17,000 ducats to finance the voyage. Columbus was accompanied by five 'Maranos' (Jews who had forsworn their religion and supposedly became Catholics) Luis de Torres - the interpreter, Marco - the surgeon, Bemal - the physician, Alonzo

de la Calle and Gabriel Sanchez, and a Black navigator, Pedro Alonso Niño (1468 – 1505). It is not known if Pedro Alonso Niño was a Moor or a native Gaul of Iberia. While in the Americas, it was Gabriel Sanchez, who convinced Columbus to capture 500 American Indians and sell them as slaves in Seville, Spain.

After the Moors were gone; In 1480, Isabella and Ferdinand instituted the Inquisition in Spain. The Inquisition was aimed mostly at Jews and Muslims who had overtly converted to

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Christianity but were thought to be practicing their faiths secretly — called respectively marranos and moriscos. The Inquisition also attacked heretics who rejected Roman Catholic

orthodoxy, including alumbras (native people) who practiced a personal mysticism or spiritualism. They represented a significant portion of the peasants in some territories, such

as Aragon, Valencia or Andalusia. In the years from 1609 to 1614, these people were systematically expelled from the country. However many of them were converted to Christianity. This is clearly indicated by a "high mean proportion of ancestry from North Africa (10.6%)" that "attests to a high level of religious conversion (whether voluntary or enforced).

At the end of the Reconquista, it is estimated that about a third of the Moorish population had been killed or enslaved, another third immediately left; while a third tried to live in Christian Spain. However, for most Moors, the persecution and forced conversion to Catholicism of the Muslim population during the time of the Christian Reconquista, caused a

mass exodus. Many found life under Christian rule intolerable and passed over into north

Africa. This is considered the main reason why the number of Muslims had shrunk to a relatively small fraction of the total population by 1500.

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Meanwhile in Egypt: 935 A.D. ushered in the Ikhshidid dynasty of Muhammad ibn Tughj, a Turk from Uzbekistan in Central Asia. But the Ikhshidid dynasty was usurped by their

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Abyssinian slave tutor named Kafur; he ruled Egypt with the caliphate's sanction until his death in 968 A.D. Kafur wisely forsook White Turkish troops, and instead used Berbers as the mainstay of his army.

The Berbers have since fallen on hard times, even to loosing their identity; for today, as is the case with all of the ancient Blacks, the mixed-race people, and even the Whites, now call themselves Berbers. So here are the "Real" Berbers.

"Real" Berbers

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The Relationship Between Morocco and the US

Morocco and the United States have a long history of friendly relations. This North African

nation was one of the first states to seek diplomatic relations with America. In 1777, Sultan Sidi

Muhammad Ben Abdullah, the most progressive of the Barbary leaders who ruled Morocco from

1757 to 1790, announced his desire for friendship with the United States. The Sultan's overture

was part of a new policy he was implementing as a result of his recognition of the need to

establish peaceful relations with the Christian powers and his desire to establish trade as a basic

source of revenue. Faced with serious economic and political difficulties, he was searching for a

new method of governing which required changes in his economy. Instead of relying on a

standing professional army to collect taxes and enforce his authority, he wanted to establish

state-controlled maritime trade as a new, more reliable, and regular source of income which

would free him from dependency on the services of the standing army. The opening of his ports

to America and other states was part of that new policy.

The Sultan issued a declaration on December 20, 1777, announcing that all vessels sailing under

the American flag could freely enter Moroccan ports. The Sultan stated that orders had been

given to his corsairs to let the ship "des Americains" and those of other European states with

which Morocco had no treaties-Russia Malta, Sardinia, Prussia, Naples, Hungary, Leghorn,

Genoa, and Germany-pass freely into Moroccan ports. There they could "take refreshments" and

provisions and enjoy the same privileges as other nations that had treaties with Morocco. This

action, under the diplomatic practice of Morocco at the end of the 18th century, put the United

States on an equal footing with all other nations with which the Sultan had treaties. By issuing

this declaration, Morocco became one of the first states to acknowledge publicly the

independence of the American Republic.

On February 2O, 1778, the sultan of Morocco reissued his December 20, 1777, declaration.

American officials, however, only belatedly learned of the Sultan's full intentions. Nearly

identical to the first, the February 20 declaration was again sent to all consuls and merchants in

the ports of Tangier, Sale, and Mogador informing them the Sultan had opened his ports to

Americans and nine other European States. Information about the Sultan's desire for friendly

relations with the United States first reached Benjamin Franklin, one of the American

commissioners in Paris, sometime in late April or early May 1778 from Etienne d'Audibert

Caille, a French merchant of Sale. Appointed by the Sultan to serve as Consul for all the nations

unrepresented in Morocco, Caille wrote on behalf of the Sultan to Franklin from Cadiz on April

14, 1778, offering to negotiate a treaty between Morocco and the United States on the same

terms the Sultan had negotiated with other powers. When he did not receive a reply, Caille wrote

Franklin a second letter sometime later that year or in early 1779. When Franklin wrote to the

committee on Foreign Affairs in May 1779, he reported he had received two letters from a

Frenchman who "offered to act as our Minister with the Emperor" and informed the American

commissioner that "His Imperial Majesty wondered why we had never sent to thank him for

being the first power on this side of the Atlantic that had acknowledged our independence and

opened his ports to us." Franklin, who did not mention the dates of Caille's letters or when he had

received them, added that he had ignored these letters because the French advised him that Caille

was reputed to be untrustworthy. Franklin stated that the French King was willing to use his

good offices with the Sultan whenever Congress desired a treaty and concluded, "whenever a

treaty with the Emperor is intended, I suppose some of our naval stores will be an acceptable

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present and the expectation of continued supplies of such stores a powerful motive for entering

into and continuing a friendship."

Since the Sultan received no acknowledgement of his good will gestures by the fall of 1 779, he

made another attempt to contact the new American government. Under instructions from the

Moroccan ruler, Caille wrote a letter to Congress in September 1779 in care of Franklin in Paris

to announce his appointment as Consul and the Sultan's desire to be at peace with the United

States. The Sultan, he reiterated, wished to conclude a treaty "similar to those Which the

principal maritime powers have with him." Americans were invited to "come and traffic freely in

these ports in like manner as they formerly did under the English flag." Caille also wrote to John

Jay, the American representative at Madrid, on April 21,1780, asking for help in conveying the

Sultan's message to Congress and enclosing a copy of Caille's commission from the Sultan to act

as Consul for all nations that had none in Morocco, as well as a copy of the February 20, 1778,

declaration. Jay received that letter with enclosures in May 1780, but because it was not deemed

to be of great importance, he did not forward it and its enclosures to Congress until November

30, 1 780.

Before Jay's letter with the enclosures from Caille reached Congress, Samuel Huntington,

President of Congress, made the first official response to the Moroccan overtures in a letter of

November 28,1780, to Franklin. Huntington wrote that Congress had received a letter from

Caille, and asked Franklin to reply. Assure him, wrote Huntington, "in the name of Congress and

in terms most respectful to the Emperor that we entertain a sincere disposition to cultivate the

most perfect friendship with him, and are desirous to enter into a treaty of commerce with him;

and that we shall embrace a favorable opportunity to announce our wishes in form."

The U.S. Government sent its first official communication to the Sultan of Morocco in December

1780. It read:

We the Congress of the 13 United States of North America, have been informed of your

Majesty's favorable regard to the interests of the people we represent, which has been

communicated by Monsieur Etienne d'Audibert Caille of Sale, Consul of Foreign nations

unrepresented in your Majesty's states. We assure you of our earnest desire to cultivate a sincere

and firm peace and friendship with your Majesty and to make it lasting to all posterity. Should

any of the subjects of our states come within the ports of your Majesty's territories, we flatter

ourselves they will receive the benefit of your protection and benevolence. You may assure

yourself of every protection and assistance to your subjects from the people of these states

whenever and wherever they may have it in their power. We pray your Majesty may enjoy long

life and uninterrupted prosperity.

No action was taken either by Congress or the Sultan for over two years. The Americans,

preoccupied with the war against Great Britain, directed their diplomacy at securing arms,

money, military support, and recognition from France, Spain, and the Netherlands and eventually

sought peace with England. Moreover, Sultan Sidi Muhammad and more pressing concerns and

focused on his relations with the European powers, especially Spain and Britain over the

question of Gibraltar. From 1778 to 1782, the Moroccan leader also turned to domestic

difficulties resulting from drought and famine, and unpopular food tax, food shortages and

inflation of food prices, trade problems, and a disgruntledmilitary.

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The American commissioners in Paris, John Adams, Jay, and Franklin urged Congress in

September 1783 to take some action in negotiating a treaty with Morocco. "The Emperor of

Morocco has manifested a very friendly disposition towards us," they wrote. "He expects and is

reading to receive a Minister from us; and as he may be succeeded by a prince differently

disposed, a treaty with him may be of importance. Our trade to the Mediterranean will not be

inconsiderable, and the friendship of Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli may become very

interesting in case the Russians should succeed in their endeavors to navigate freely into it by

Constantinople."

Congress finally acted in the spring of 1784. On May 7, Congress authorized its Ministers in

Paris, Franklin, Jay, and Adams, to conclude treaties of amity and commerce with Russia,

Austria, Prussia, Denmark, Saxony, Hamburg, great Britain, Spain, Portugal, Genoa, Tuscany,

Rome, Naples, Venice, Sardinia, and the Ottoman Porte as well as the Barbary States of

Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli. The treaties with the Barbary States were to be in force for

10 years or longer. The commissioners were instructed to inform the Sultan of Morocco of the

"great satisfaction which Congress feels from the amicable disposition he has shown towards

these states." They were asked to state that "the occupations of the war and distance of our

situation have prevented our meeting his friendship so early as we wished." A few days later,

commissions were given to the three men to negotiate the treaties.

Continued delays by American officials exasperated the sultan and prompted him to take more

drastic action to gain their attention. On October 11,1784, the Moroccans captured the American

merchant ship, Betsey. After the ship and crew were taken to Tangier, he announced that he

would release the men, ship, and cargo once a treaty with the United States was concluded.

Accordingly, preparation for negotiations with Morocco began in 1785. On March 1 Congress

authorized the commissioners to delegate to some suitable agent the authority to negotiate

treaties with the Barbary States. The agent was required to follow the commissioners'

instructions and to submit the negotiated treaty to them for approval. Congress also empowered

the commissioners to spend a maximum of 80,000 dollars to conclude treaties with these states.

Franklin left Paris on July 12, 1785, to return to the United States, 3 days after the Sultan

released the Betsey and its crew. Thomas Jefferson became Minister to France and thereafter

negotiations were conducted by Adams in London and Jefferson in Paris. On October 11, 1785,

the commissioners appointed Thomas Barclay, American Consul in Paris, to negotiate a treaty

with Morocco on the basis of a draft treaty drawn up by the commissioners. That same day the

commissioners appointed Thomas Lamb as special agent to negotiate a treaty with Algiers.

Barclay was given a maximum of 20,000 dollars for the treaty and instructed to gather

information concerning the commerce, ports, naval and land forces, languages, religion, and

government as well as evidence of Europeans attempting to obstruct American negotiations with

the Barbary States.

Barclay left Paris on January 15, 1 86, and after several stops, including 21/2 months in Madrid,

arrived in Marrakech on June 19. While the French offered some moral support to the United

States in their negotiations with Morocco, it was the Spanish government that furnished

substantial backing in the form of letters from the Spanish King and Prime Minister to the Sultan

of Morocco. After a cordial welcome, Barclay conducted the treaty negotiations in two audiences

with Sidi Muhammad and Tahir Fannish, a leading Moroccan diplomat from a Morisco family in

Sale who headed the negotiations. The earlier proposals drawn up by the American

commissioners in Paris became the basis for the treaty. While the Emperor opposed several

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articles, the final form contained in substance all that the Americans requested. When asked

about tribute, Barclay stated that he "had to offer to His Majesty the friendship of the United

States and to receive his in return, to form a treaty with him on liberal and equal terms. But if any

engagements for future presents or tributes were necessary, I must return without any treaty."

The Moroccan leader accepted Barclay's declaration that the United States would offer friendship

but no tribute for the treaty, and the question of presents or tribute was not raised again. Barclay

accepted no favor except the ruler's promise to send letters to Constantinople, Tunisia, Tripoli,

and Algiers recommending they conclude treaties with the United States.

Barclay and the Moroccans quickly reached agreement on the Treaty of Friendship and Amity.

Also called the Treaty of Marrakech, it was sealed by the Emperor on June 23 and delivered to

Barclay to sign on June 28. In addition, a separate ship seals agreement, providing for the

identification at sea of American and Moroccan vessels, was signed at Marrakech on July

6,1786. Binding for 50 years, the Treaty was signed by Thomas Jefferson at Paris on January 1,

1787, and John Adams at London on January 25, 1787, and was ratified by Congress on July 18,

1787. The negotiation of this treaty marked the beginning of diplomatic relations between the

two countries and it was the first treaty between any Arab, Muslim, or African State and the

United States.

Congress found the treaty with Morocco highly satisfactory and passed a note of thanks to

Barclay and to Spain for help in the negotiations. Barclay had reported fully on the amicable

negotiations and written that the king of Morocco had "acted in a manner most gracious and

condescending, and I really believe the Americans possess as much of his respect and regard as

does any Christian nation whatsoever." Barclay portrayed the King as "a just man, according to

this idea of justice, of great personal courage, liberal to a degree, a lover of his people, stern" and

"rigid in distributing justice." The Sultan sent a friendly letter to the President of Congress with

the treaty and included another from the Moorish minister, Sidi Fennish, which was highly

complimentary of Barclay.

The United States established a consulate in Morocco in 1797. President Washington had

requested funds for this post in a message to Congress on March 2, 1795, and James Simpson,

the U.S. Consul at Gibraltar who was appointed to this post, took up residence in Tangier 2 years

later. Sultan Sidi Muhammad's successor, Sultan Moulay Soliman, had recommended to

Simpson the establishment of a consulate because he believed it would provide greater protection

for American vessels. In 1821, the Moroccan leader gave the United States one of the most

beautiful buildings in Tangier for its consular representative. This building served as the seat of

the principal U.S. representative to Morocco until 1956 and is the oldest piece of property owned

by the United States abroad.

U. S.-Moroccan relations from 1777 to 1787 reflected the international and economic concerns

of these two states in the late 18th century. The American leaders and the Sultan signed the 1786

treaty, largely for economic reasons, but also realized that a peaceful relationship would aid them

in their relations with other powers. The persistent friendliness of Sultan Sidi Muhammad to the

young republic, in spite of the fact that his overtures were initially ignored, was the most

important factor in the establishment of this relationship.

The Ku Klux Klan

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Here is a short history of the Ku Klux Klan after the Civil War. As we have seen, the Banking

Cartel caused the Civil War in the United States.

A group including many former Confederate veterans founded the first branch of the Ku Klux Klan as a social club in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1866. The first two words of the organization’s name supposedly derived from the Greek word “kyklos,” meaning circle. Leading Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest was chosen as the first leader, or “grand wizard,” of the Klan; he presided over a hierarchy of grand dragons, grand titans and grand cyclopses.

Nathan Bedford Forrest: Early Life

Nathan Bedford Forrest was born in Chapel Hill, Tennessee, on July 13, 1821. He grew up poor

and received almost no formal education before going into business with his uncle Jonathan

Forrest. In 1845 his uncle was killed in a street fight started over a business dispute, and Forrest

responded by killing two of the murderers using a pistol and bowie knife. Forrest married Mary

Ann Montgomery, a member of a prominent Tennessee family, that same year.

Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest rose from the rank of private to lieutenant general

despite having no previous military training.

Forrest eventually found success as a planter and owner of a stagecoach company. In 1852 he

moved his young family to Memphis, Tennessee, where he amassed a small fortune working as a

slave trader. His business continued to grow throughout the 1850s, and in 1858 he was elected a

Memphis alderman. By 1860 Forrest owned two cotton plantations and had established himself

among the wealthiest men in Tennessee.

Nathan Bedford Forrest: Civil War Service

Following the start of the Civil War (1861-65), Forrest enlisted as a private in the Tennessee

Mounted Rifles

Forrest’s most controversial action as a field commander would come in April 1864 at the Battle

of Fort Pillow in Tennessee. After capturing the federal garrison by force, Forrest’s men

reportedly killed over 200 Union soldiers, many of them black troops who had formerly been

slaves. While Forrest and his men would claim the fort’s occupants had resisted, survivors of

what became known as the “Fort Pillow Massacre” argued that Forrest’s men had ignored their

surrender and murdered dozens of unarmed troops. The Joint Committee on the Conduct of War

would later investigate the incident and agree that Forrest’s men had committed an unjust

slaughter.

Ku Klux Klan Violence in the South

From 1867 onward, African-American participation in public life in the South became one of the most radical aspects of Reconstruction, as blacks won election to southern state governments and even to the U.S. Congress. For its part, the Ku Klux Klan dedicated itself to an underground campaign of violence against Republican leaders and voters (both black and white) in an effort to reverse the policies of Radical

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Reconstruction and restore white supremacy in the South.. At least 10 percent of the black legislators elected during the 1867-1868 constitutional conventions became victims of violence during Reconstruction, including seven who were killed. White Republicans (derided as “carpetbaggers” and “scalawags”) and black institutions such as schools and churches—symbols of black autonomy—were also targets for Klan attacks.

http://sufism.org/

The facts revealed in the following website make it quite likely that the Banking Cartel killed

Martin Luther King.

http://thefreethoughtproject.com/fbi-memphis-polices-admitted-involvement-assassination-mlk/

OUTTRO Thank you for listening to another segment of "The Network of Global Corporate Control." Reality means an end to the Banking Cartel and an exchange of paper currencies for gold in the Global Currency Reset. Please stay tuned as we learn how to transition peacefully and end the corruption in the international financial system. Until next week, I am your host, Karen Hudes.