intro class 07
TRANSCRIPT
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Engineering Geology
Where Civilization and Earth MeetSoil and rock as engineering materials
Resource extraction and usage
Environmental impactsGeologic Hazards
Dr. James M. Martin-HaydenAssociate Professor
(419) !"-#$!4
J%ayden&'net.'oledo.ed
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*orld Po+lation Gro,t%11.9
9.
.9
High Growth
Medium Growth
Low Growth
opulationGrowth
!
per"ear#!
$!
Expo
nentialG
rowth
%ctua
lGrow
th
Kehew, Figure 1.4 and 1.5
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opulation in Crisis
andemics and &ood
shortages are
'eginning to decreasepopulation growth
Contamination and
glo'al warming will
onl" exacer'ate the
pro'lem
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/0erse of Geologic esorces
#() 'illion are *oining the +consumer class,and the environment can-t sustain thisstandard o& living( .Worldwatch /nstitute0 $1123
Emissions o& Greenhouse gasses isaccelerating glo'al warming
Climate change is accelerating melting o&glaciers and driving mass extinctions.4he Centre o& 5iodiversit" and Conservation0
Leeds 6niversit"0 673
.Geolog" in the 8ews3
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Glo'al 9il roduction to eak
9nce oil production peaks extraction
will 'ecome increasingl" expensive(
%lternative sources Coal .emissions:3
8uclear .waste:3
Renewa'le .lagging
technolog":3
See Kehew Fig. 1.8
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Green%ose Gasses and
Glo2al *arming
Glo'al Warming
lags C9$spikes
C9$concentrationis higher than all
maximums during
the past ;110111
"ears
%nd still increasingm in a &ew decades3 /ncreased erosion
?looding
Su'merged in&rastructure
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*ater esorces6se o& &resh water &rom the water c"cle
Sur&ace water Lakes
Streams
Groundwater Springs
%@ui&ers.extracted '"pumping wells3
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*ater 3ycle torage and ransfertorage /n #1>kmA
4rans&er in #1>kmAB"r
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?resh Water Withdrawal 4rends
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?resh Water Withdrawal 4rends
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%e 3radle of 3i0ili5ation
+rng from geology of t%e region
4igris River0 /ra@
http://encarta.msn.com/
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*orld of Geology
4he Cradle o&Civilization .?ertileCrescent3
evelopmentlimited '"availa'ilit"0 e(g(0soil0 water0 energ"
Con&licts 'ased onresources0 e(g(0water0 minerals0 oil0energ"D http://encarta.msn.com/
Geological esorces
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Geologic esorces
Mineral esorcesmetals0 &ertilizers0minerals0 petroleum0construction
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Geologic esorces Mineral esorces
metals0 &ertilizers0minerals0 petroleum0construction
*ater resorcesLakes0 Rivers0 Springs0Groundwater
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Geologic esorces Mineral esorces
e(g(0Metals0 &ertilizers0minerals0 petroleum0construction
*ater resorcese(g(0Lakes0 Rivers0Springs0 Groundwater
Energy
e(g(09il0 natural gas0 coal0nuclear0 silicon0h"droelectric .dams30h"drothermal .Earth-s heat3
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%e Geologist6s Jo2 7ocatingand
3%aracteri5ing
@uantit" and @ualit" o&
geologic resources E8tractinggeologic
resources e&&icientl"
Assessing
environmental e&&ects o&extraction and use
Geologic esorces
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E(g(0 Misuse o& Resources
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Misse of esorcesDesiccation of t%e Aral ea :a5a;%stan
www(grida(noBaralBaralseaBenglishBarseaBarsea(htm
19"
ee Page $
#"""
#""
%ral Sea
9ver 4ime
191919#194199!#"""
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En0ironmental Geology En0ironmental ciences
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Geology in t%e =e,s
4wo die in >(;magnitude
Earth@uake near
San Lois 9'ispo
Cali&ornia Earth@uake triggers
mudslides
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003
Geologic Ha5ards
an Andreas >alt
http://www.usgs.gov/http://www.usgs.gov/ -
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Assessing is;?Ma@or a;e 7i;ely to
tri;e an >rancisco
Bay egion Bet,een
#""! and #"!#C
F%ssessing Risks
F%voiding RisksF reventing amageF redicting /mpact
Geologic Hazards
.httpBB@uake(wr(usgs(govBresearchBseismolog"Bwg1$B
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Eart%a;e
Bam ran
% Magnitude >(;Earth@uake hits astone and mud
house cit" o in /ran #$$>1A A10111 ead
A10111 Re&ugees 6S sends aid and
releases sanctions Relations improved
Photos
from AP
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Geological Ha5ardsolcanoes .pg( #1I3
Landslides .see pg( $;13
[email protected]( $1$3
?loods .see pgs(0 $I23
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Geology in Engineeringlo+e >ailre is; Assessment and 3ontrol
4o prevent slope &ailure engineers must understand the
geolog" that &orms and controls the slope
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Geology in Engineering
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Geology in Engineering
Committee mem'er John
5urland0 an engineer0
promoted soil extraction as the
'est wa" to save the tower(
In Pisa the tilted one is back inbusiness after an 11-year effortto keep it from collapsing
The Leaning Tower Straightens Up
www(smithsonianmag(si(edu
Engineers se ;no,ledge of
geology to design +rotect
and correct strctres