intro 1 unit 12 – lbj, civil rights and vietnam the great society martin luther king, jr.tet...

Intro 1

Unit 12 – LBJ, Civil Rights and VietnamThe Great Society Martin Luther King, Jr. Tet Offensive

War on Poverty Stokely Carmichael Walter Cronkite

Office of Economic Malcolm X Robert Kennedy

Opportunity Ngo Dinh Diem Eugene McCarthy

Department of Housing Buddhist Monks Hubert Humphrey

& Urban Development Strategic Hamlets Chicago DNC 1968

VISTA Gulf of Tonkin Richard Nixon

Medicare / Medicaid Ho Chi Mihn Trail George Wallace

Head Start Television War Election of 1968

March on Washington Rolling Thunder counterculture

Civil Rights Act 1964 Napalm / Agent Orange communes

Voting Rights Act 1965 containment U-Cal Berkley

Black Power draft / student protests Tinker v. Des Moines

Black Panthers credibility gap cults

Urban Riots 26th Amendment Pop Culture / ArtCh 23 Sec 3 Ch 24 Sec 2 & 3 Ch 25 Sec 2 & 3 Ch 26 Sec 1

FYI 4-1

A look back at the ELEVEN most commonly missed questions from

the Kennedy test….

Review of Unit 11 Test

FYI 4-1

_____ 4. Why did many of Richard Nixon’s supporters feel he should of challenged the results of the 1960 election?

a. he had won the popular vote

b. he had won the electoral vote

c. there was suspected voter fraud in Chicago and Texas

d. the press had shown favorable coverage of John Kennedy

FYI 4-1

_____ 8. In an effort to increase growth and create more jobs, Kennedy advocated

a. deficit spending

b. price controls

c. public works programs

d. raising the taxes of the wealthiest Americans

FYI 4-1

_____9. Which of the following is NOT a decision that the Supreme Court made under Chief Justice Earl

Warren?

a. unlawfully seized evidence is inadmissible in court

b. a public school may not lead its students in prayer

c. separate facilities are permissible as long as they are of equal quality

d. an accused person must be made aware of their rights before they are questioned by police

FYI 4-1

_____13. From 1961 to 1989, the Berlin Wall

a. surrounded West Berlin

b. divided East and West Germany

c. surrounded East Berlin

d. was easy to approach from the East side

FYI 4-1

____ 21. Kennedy was concerned that the Soviets wanted to use Cuba as a “bargaining chip” to force the

American military to have to give up its presence in

a. West Berlin

b. South Korea

c. South Vietnam

d. East Berlin

FYI 4-1

____25. Which of the following was NOT an event that put the U.S. and Soviet Union on the brink of war during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

a. an American U-2 plane was shot down over Cuba

b. Cuban exiles land at the Bay of Pigs

c. an American U-2 plane was caught over Soviet airspace

d. Soviet ships prepare to run through the American naval blockade

FYI 4-1

USE THE TEST!!!!!!!____18. On April 17, 1961, armed Cuban exiles landed on

the south coast of Cuba and were defeated at

c. the Bay of Pigs

____20. *In October 1962, President John F. Kennedy announced that the Soviet Union was building nuclear

missile bases in Cuba. How did the United States respond to this threat?

b. by establishing a naval blockade around Cuba

FYI 4-1

____25. Which of the following was NOT an event that put the U.S. and Soviet Union on the brink of war during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

a. an American U-2 plane was shot down over Cuba

b. Cuban exiles land at the Bay of Pigs

c. an American U-2 plane was caught over Soviet airspace

d. Soviet ships prepare to run through the American naval blockade

___28. According to the cartoon to the

right, which side is winning the nuclear struggle?

a. communism

b. capitalism

c. democracy

d. neither side

____30. Where is “Castro Gulch” located?

a. in the American west

b. Berlin

c. Cuba

d. Soviet Union

____34. In what city did the picture above take place in?

a. Montgomery c. Nashville

b. Greensboro d. Birmingham

FYI 4-1

____ 38. At first President Kennedy acted slowly on civil rights because

a. he was not sure such legislation was really needed

b. he needed support from many Southern senators to get other programs passed

c. he believed that civil rights had to evolve gradually, as people’s values changed

d. he did not want to provoke violence in the South.

____39. *The “Freedom Riders”, African-Americans and whites, participated in the Civil Rights movement by

a. refusing to give up seats at “white only” counters

b. testing segregated interstate bus facilities all over the south

c. by riding through black communities to scare the blacks from voting

d. participating in the Montgomery bus boycott

Intro 1

Unit 12 – LBJ, Civil Rights and VietnamThe Great Society Martin Luther King, Jr. Tet Offensive

War on Poverty Stokely Carmichael Walter Cronkite

Office of Economic Malcolm X Robert Kennedy

Opportunity Ngo Dinh Diem Eugene McCarthy

Department of Housing Buddhist Monks Hubert Humphrey

& Urban Development Strategic Hamlets Chicago DNC 1968

VISTA Gulf of Tonkin Richard Nixon

Medicare / Medicaid Ho Chi Mihn Trail George Wallace

Head Start Television War Election of 1968

March on Washington Rolling Thunder counterculture

Civil Rights Act 1964 Napalm / Agent Orange communes

Voting Rights Act 1965 containment U-Cal Berkley

Black Power draft / student protests Tinker v. Des Moines

Black Panthers credibility gap cults

Urban Riots 26th Amendment Pop Culture / ArtCh 23 Sec 3 Ch 24 Sec 2 & 3 Ch 25 Sec 2 & 3 Ch 26 Sec 1

FYI 4-1

Practice Questions and Study Aides

Review for Unit 12 TESTCh 23 Sec 3, Ch 24 Sec 2 & 3

Ch 25 Sec 2 & 3, and Ch 26 Sec 1

“Lyndon Johnson, Civil Rights and Vietnam”

Intro 4

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Chapter ObjectivesCh 23 Section 3: The Great Society

• Explain what inspired Johnson’s Great Society programs.

• Identify several specific health and employment programs of the Johnson administration.

Section 3-23

Checking for Understanding

__ 1. general agreement

__ 2. antipoverty program under President Lyndon Johnson

A. consensus

B. war on poverty

Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.


B

A

Section 3-8

What tactics of President Johnson’s became known as the Johnson Treatment?

The treatment was Johnson’s way of persuading others to agree with him. His reputation for getting things done involved doing favors, twisting arms, bargaining, flattering, and sometimes threatening.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.


Johnson Takes the Reins (cont.)

(pages 732–735)(pages 732–735)

Section 3-12

What were some of Johnson’s programs within his Great Society campaign?



The Great Society (cont.)

(pages 735–737)(pages 735–737)

Section 3-12

Upward Bound provided college preparation for low-income teenagers. Between 1965 and 1968, over 60 programs were passed, including Medicare and Medicaid. Medicare was a health insurance program for the elderly funded through Social Security. Medicaid financed health care for those on welfare, living below the poverty line. The preschool program, Project Head Start, administered to disadvantaged children.

The Great Society (cont.)

(pages 735–737)(pages 735–737)

Section 3-16

What remains today of the Great Society?

Programs like Medicare and Medicaid as well as the Department of Transportation and the Department of Housing and Urban Development and Project Head Start are what remain today of the Great Society.

Legacy of the Great Society (cont.)



(pages 737–738)(pages 737–738)

Section 3-24

Checking for Understanding (cont.)



Describe how the Great Society programs were inspired.

Johnson wanted to fulfill FDR’s mission for a nation of equal opportunity.

Section 3-25

Reviewing Themes



Government and Democracy How did Johnson’s war on poverty strive to ensure greater fairness in American society?

Johnson’s war on poverty offered the less fortunate education, training, and access to jobs.

Section 3-26

Critical Thinking



Interpreting What were three legacies of the Great Society?

Possible answers: Medicare, Department of Transportation, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Medicaid, and Project Head Start are legacies of the Great Society.

Section 3-28

Analyzing Visuals



Photographs Study the photograph on page 734 of your textbook. Why do you think pictures such as this one would help build support for the war on poverty?

Answers will vary.

Chapter Assessment 6



Reviewing Key Facts (cont.)

What inspired President Johnson’s war on poverty?

Johnson’s personal experiences and the nation’s ability to finance programs inspired President Johnson’s war on poverty.





What was the purpose of Medicare, passed during Johnson’s administration?

Medicare was designed as a health insurance program for the elderly.




Critical Thinking

Analyzing Themes: Government and Democracy Why were Medicare and Medicaid landmark pieces of legislation in American history?

They represented the first time that the U.S. government had funded health care on a large scale.

Daily Focus Skills Transparency 3



M/C 3-1

Intro 3


Chapter ObjectivesCh 24 Sec 2: Challenging Segregation

• Evaluate the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

• Summarize the efforts to establish voting rights for African Americans.

Section 2-31


__ 1. a tax of a fixed amount per person that had to be paid before the person could vote

__ 2. name given to a group of people who traveled to the South in 1961 to protest the South’s refusal to integrate bus terminals

__ 3. a motion which ends debate and calls for an immediate vote, possible in the U.S. Senate by a vote of 60 senators

__ 4. an attempt to kill a bill by having a group of senators take turns speaking continuously so that a vote cannot take place

A. Freedom Riders

B. filibuster

C. cloture

D. poll tax




A

C

D

B

Section 2-25

What happened to the civil rights bill after Lyndon Johnson became president?

President Johnson’s leadership helped produce the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.



The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (cont.)

(pages 757–759)(pages 757–759)

Section 2-30

How did the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 mark a turning point in the civil rights movement?

Two goals were now achieved: to outlaw segregation and to pass federal laws to stop discrimination and protect voting rights.



The Struggle for Voting Rights (cont.)

(pages 759–760)(pages 759–760)

Section 2-32




Describe the provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 aimed at ending segregation and racial discrimination.

The act gave the federal government broad powers to prevent racial discrimination in a number of areas.

Section 2-34

Critical Thinking



Evaluating How did protesting and lobbying lead to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

Police resistance to peaceful protests, seen on TV, raised sympathy for the civil rights cause.




What was the purpose of the March on Washington?

The purpose was to build public support for passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Intro 4


Chapter ObjectivesCh 24 Section 3: New Issues

• Describe the division between Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and the black power movement.

• Discuss the direction and progress of the civil rights movement after 1968.

Section 3-22


__ 1. prejudice or discrimination against someone because of his or her race

__ 2. the mobilization of the political and economic power of African Americans, especially to compel respect for their rights and to improve their condition

A. racism

B. black power




B

A

Section 3-8

What was the difference between African American workers and white workers by 1965?

African American workers found themselves in low-paying jobs with little chance of advancement. Some African Americans were able to get work in blue-collar factory jobs, but few advanced this far compared to whites. In 1965 only 15 percent of African Americans held professional, managerial, or clerical jobs, compared to 44 percent for whites.



Problems Facing Urban African Americans (cont.)

(pages 761–763)(pages 761–763)

Section 3-11

What was the result of the meeting between Mayor Richard Daley and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.?

Daley proposed a plan to clean up the slums. Associations of realtors and bankers agreed to promote open housing. The plan was not effective.



The Shift to Economic Rights (cont.)

(page 763)(page 763)

Section 3-17

Why did the black power movement replace the nonviolent civil rights movement led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.?



Black Power (cont.)

(pages 764–765)(pages 764–765)

Section 3-18

Dr. King’s nonviolent civil rights movement failed to change the poor economic conditions that many African Americans faced in the 1960s. Some African American leaders called for more aggressive forms of protest. They placed less emphasis on interracial cooperation with sympathetic whites. Many young African Americans called for black power–controlling the social, political, and economic direction of their struggle for equality. It stressed pride in the African American cultural group. It emphasized racial distinctiveness.

Black Power (cont.)

(pages 764–765)(pages 764–765)

Section 3-21

What happened to the civil rights movement after Dr. King’s assassination?Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1968, which contained a fair housing provision, outlawed discrimination in the sale and rental of housing, and gave the Justice Department authority to bring suits against discrimination. The civil rights movement, however, lacked the unity of purpose and vision that Dr. King had given it.



The Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (cont.)

(pages 765–766)(pages 765–766)

Section 3-23




Explain the goals of the Nation of Islam in the 1960s.

It wanted separate self-governing communities for African Americans.

Section 3-24




Summarize the findings of the Kerner Commission.

It blamed racism for inner-city problems and urged job and housing programs.

Section 3-25

Reviewing Themes



Civic Rights and Responsibilities How was the Civil Rights Act of 1968 designed to help end discrimination?

The Civil Rights Act of 1968 was designed to outlaw housing discrimination.

Section 3-26

Critical Thinking



Identifying Cause and Effect What were the effects of the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.?

It touched off both national mourning and riots, and the Civil Rights Act of 1968 was passed.





How did the government react to race riots in cities such as Los Angeles and Detroit?

It sent in National Guard and U.S. Army troops and appointed the Kerner Commission.





What were two changes in the focus of the civil rights movement in the mid-1960s?

It moved from focusing on ending segregation to focusing on full social and economic equality. It also moved from nonviolent resistance to militancy.




Critical Thinking (cont.)

Evaluating Why did the civil rights movement make fewer gains after 1968?

After Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated, the movement fragmented. In addition, economic gains were harder to win.




Directions: Choose the best answer to the following question.

Test-Taking Tip If you read this question carefully, you will notice that it asks for one difference in civil rights strategies. Three of the answer choices will represent common goals. Be careful to read through all the choices to find the one that represents a different type of strategy.

A ending discrimination in housing and unemployment.

B using only nonviolent forms of protest.

C demanding equal rights for African Americans.

D gaining improvements in living conditions for African Americans.

One difference between the strategies of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and some later civil rights groups was that King was committed to

Intro 3


Chapter ObjectivesCh 25 Sec 2: Going to War in Vietnam

• Describe how President Johnson deepened American involvement in Vietnam.

• Discuss how the Vietcong and the North Vietnamese were able to frustrate the American military.

Section 2-20


__ 1. a jellied gasoline used for bombs

__ 2. the guerrilla soldiers of the Communist faction in Vietnam, also known as the National Liberation Front

A. Vietcong

B. napalm




A

B





When did the number of American military personnel begin to increase in Vietnam?

The number of military personnel began to increase significantly in 1963 during the Kennedy administration.





What actions made Ngo Dinh Diem an unpopular leader in South Vietnam?

Ngo Dinh Diem was unpopular due to the strategic hamlet policy and his discrimination against Buddhism.

Section 2-9

Why were Diem’s strategic hamlets unpopular with the peasants?

The peasants resented being uprooted from their homes where they had worked to build farms and where many of their ancestors were buried.



American Involvement Deepens (cont.)

(pages 776–778)(pages 776–778)





How did Vietnamese peasants respond to the strategic hamlets program?

The peasants resented being uprooted from their villages and family farms and resettled in strategic hamlets.

Section 2-14

Why did President Johnson expand American involvement in Vietnam in 1964?

Johnson wanted to prevent South Vietnam from becoming Communist. He did not want to “lose” Vietnam, because he feared that the Republicans would blame his administration for losing Vietnam to communism.



Johnson and Vietnam (cont.)

(pages 778–779)(pages 778–779)

Section 2-19

Why were the American troops frustrated by the Vietcong?

The Vietcong used ambushes, booby traps, and hit-and-run tactics. The Vietcong could blend in with the general population in cities and in the countryside and then vanish.



A Bloody Stalemate Emerges (cont.)

(pages 779–781)(pages 779–781)

Section 2-21




Explain how the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution affected the powers of Congress and the presidency.

It gave congressional war powers to the president.

Section 2-22

Reviewing Themes



Science and Technology Why did the United States use napalm and Agent Orange in its fight against the Vietcong?

Napalm and Agent Orange were used to destroy the landscape so the Vietcong could not hide in the jungle.

Section 2-23

Critical Thinking



Analyzing Why did fighting in Vietnam turn into a stalemate by the mid-1960s?

The Vietcong showed no signs of surrendering, and Johnson refused to order a full-scale invasion.

Intro 4


Chapter ObjectivesCh 25 Sec 3: Vietnam Divides the Nation

• Analyze why support for the war began to weaken.

• Describe the motives of those in the antiwar movement.

Section 3-17


__ 1. a person in favor of the United States withdrawing from the Vietnam War

__ 2. an extended meeting or class held to discuss a social or political issue

__ 3. someone who believed the United States should continue its military effort in Vietnam

__ 4. lack of trust or believability

A. credibility gap

B. teach-in

C. dove

D. hawk




B

D

C

A

Section 3-6

Why did Americans believe there was a “credibility gap” in what the Johnson administration said about the war in Vietnam?

The American commander in South Vietnam, General William Westmoreland, repeatedly reported that the enemy was almost defeated. Less optimistic reports were seen on television each night as the images of wounded and killed American soldiers were aired on the evening news.

A Growing Credibility Gap (cont.)



(pages 784–785)(pages 784–785)





What was the effect of the Tet offensive on Americans?

The Tet offensive began to turn American public opinion against the war. Mainstream media began to criticize the war, and Johnson decided not to run for another term as president.

Section 3-10

Why did many Americans oppose the war?

Some felt the conflict was a civil war in which the United States had no business. Others saw South Vietnam as corrupt, and defending the country as immoral.



An Antiwar Movement Emerges(cont.)

(pages 785–787)(pages 785–787)

Section 3-16

Why is 1968 considered the most turbulent year of the chaotic 1960s?



1968: The Pivotal Year (cont.)

(pages 787–789)(pages 787–789)

Section 3-16a

On January 30, 1968, during Tet, the Vietnamese New Year, the Vietcong and North Vietnamese launched a surprise attack known as the Tet offensive. In the attack, guerrilla fighters hit American airbases in South Vietnam as well as the South’s major cities and provincial capitals. The approval rating for the president plummeted. Johnson withdrew from the presidential race, announcing his decision in an address to the nation on March 31, 1968. In April Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated. Two months later, Robert Kennedy was also assassinated. A clash between protesters and police at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago in August added to the chaos.

1968: The Pivotal Year (cont.)

(pages 787–789)(pages 787–789)

Section 3-18




Summarize three important events that occurred in 1968.

Answers will vary.

Section 3-19

Reviewing Themes



Civic Rights and Responsibilities Why did many people believe that the Vietnam War reflected racial and economic injustices in the United States?

Poorer men, including a high proportion of minorities, who were unable to afford college, were more likely to be drafted than those who could afford college.





Analyzing How do you think the use of chemicals such as Agent Orange and napalm by the United States affected Vietnamese feelings toward Americans and the war?

Since the chemicals turned farmland and forest into wasteland, it made the Vietnamese more anti-American.

Section 3-20

Critical Thinking



Synthesizing Why did support of the Vietnam War begin to dwindle by the late 1960s?

Media coverage of the mounting casualties fueled anger and distrust of government officials’ reports, and many were angry over the draft.

M/C 2-1a


Interpreting Maps What nations besides North and South Vietnam were the sites of battles or invasions?

Laos and Cambodia were also invaded.

Geography and History (cont.)




Geography and History (cont.)



Analyzing Why did the Ho Chi Minh Trail pass through Laos and Cambodia instead of South Vietnam?

The Ho Chi Minh Trail passed through Laos and Cambodia to avoid discovery and capture of troops and supplies passing along the trail.

Chapter Summary 1

M/C 2-1

M/C 2-2a

Intro 2


Chapter Objectives

• Explain the origins of the nation’s youth movement.

• Define the goals of serious members of the counterculture.

Section 1: The Student Movement and the Counterculture

Section 1-21


__ 1. a group living arrangement in which members share everything and work together

__ 2. a culture with values and beliefs different than the mainstream

A. counterculture

B. commune




A

B

Section 1-22


Summarize two legacies of the counterculture movement.

It contributed new styles of popular culture and encouraged greater self-expression.



Section 1-23

Reviewing Themes



Government and Democracy How did the U.S. Supreme Court validate the actions of the members of the Free Speech Movement?

It upheld the right to freedom of speech and assembly on campus.

Section 1-24

Critical Thinking



Contrasting How were hippies different from members of the New Left?

Hippies were more interested in creating a utopian lifestyle than in political protest.

Section 1-25



Analyzing Why did the counterculture movement decline?

Many participants were unable to establish an ideal community or support themselves.


End of Slide Show

intro 1 unit 12 – lbj, civil rights and vietnam the great society martin luther king, jr.tet...

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