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Publicly accessible Penn Dissertations

1976

Interpreters and Egyptianized Nubians in AncientEgyptian Foreign Policy: Aspects of the History ofEgypt and NubiaLanny David BellUniversity of Pennsylvania

Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertationsPart of the Islamic World and Near East History Commons, and the Near Eastern Languages and

Societies Commons

This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/470For more information, please contact repository@pobox.upenn.edu.

Recommended CitationBell, Lanny David, "Interpreters and Egyptianized Nubians in Ancient Egyptian Foreign Policy: Aspects of the History of Egypt andNubia" (1976). Publicly accessible Penn Dissertations. Paper 470.

Interpreters and Egyptianized Nubians in Ancient Egyptian ForeignPolicy: Aspects of the History of Egypt and Nubia

AbstractThis study is a thorough philological investigation of the ancient Egyptian word íc3w (usually transliterated c

in Old and Middle Egyptian texts and 3 c c in Late Egyptian). The approach is diachronic, with considerationof the various manifestations of the word over more than three thousand years; all known occurrences areexamined. The etymology is determined, its meaning is discussed, and its semantic development traced.Historical linguistic technique is employed to reconstruct the vocalization of the word and demonstrate itsphonetic development. Evidence for differential development in the pre-Coptic dialectal forms is adduced.Phonetically similar words are introduced for comparative purposes, and much use is made of the vocabularyof Coptic. Lexicographical research is carried out on many ancient Egyptian terms. The methodology alsorequires the pursuit of questions of Egyptian phonology, orthography, and paleography. All the contexts of theword are presented, in order to ascertain the full range of its application and associations. Relevant non-linguistic factors—the associated artistic representations, and the distribution of the references—areintroduced in conjunction with the textual material. In its literal meaning the word íc3w means “babbler” inreference to humans and “brayer” in reference to donkeys (the word normally transliterated c3). In itsextended meaning, the word means “interpreter” when applied to Egyptians and “Egyptianized Nubian”(Nubian in Egyptian service) when applied to foreigners. In the conclusions, the historical and socialimplications of the usage of the term are reevaluated in the light of this new understanding of it.

Degree TypeDissertation

Degree NameDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Graduate GroupNear Eastern Languages & Civilizations

First AdvisorDavid B. O'Connor

Subject CategoriesIslamic World and Near East History | Near Eastern Languages and Societies

This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/470

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