interoperability and standards - mimos - phil beecher...http coap ieee 802.11 ieee 802.15.4 (wi-fi)...
TRANSCRIPT
Interoperable Standards based Communications for IoT applications -
Security and Protocol Challenges
August 2015
Phil Beecher, Wi-SUN Alliance
Contents
• What is the Internet of Things?
• Focus of this presentation
• Brief Overview of Wi-SUN Alliance
• Wireless Smart Utility Networks – Requirements and Standards
• The need for “Profiles”
• Security for Wireless Networks
• Appendix – More information about Wi-SUN Alliance
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance 2
The Internet of Things (IoT, sometimes Internet of Everything) is the network of physical objects or "things" embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and connectivity to enable objects to exchange data with the production, operator and/or other connected devices based on the infrastructure of International Telecommunication Union's Global Standards Initiative. The Internet of Things allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration between the physical world and computer-based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit. Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its embedded computing system but is able to interoperate within the existing Internet infrastructure. Experts estimate that the IoT will consist of almost 50 billion objects by 2020.
(Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_Things)
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a scenario in which objects, animals or people are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. IoT has evolved from the convergence of wireless technologies, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and the Internet.
(Source http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Internet-of-Things)
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
What is the “Internet of Things”?
3
• Internet of Things is a huge topic, and covers a wide variety of application domains, including
– Utilities
– Smart Cities
– Home and Building automation
– Agriculture
– Transportation
– Healthcare
• Focus of this presentation is Wireless Peer to Peer communications for sensor and actuator applications used in Utilities, Smart Cities, Buildings and Agriculture
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Presentation Focus
4
Brief Overview of Wi-SUN Alliance
5 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
IEEE802.11 Wireless LAN
Wi-SUN Alliance
WiMAX Forum
WiFi Alliance
Wi-SUN
WiMAX
WiFi
IEEE802.16 Wireless MAN
IEEE802.15.4g Wireless SUN
Industry Alliance Commercial trademark Standardization body
Wi-SUN
WiMAX
WiFi
6 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
What is Wi-SUN Alliance?
• Established in April 2012
• Incorporated as Not for Profit Organization (501c) in Delaware, US
• Regional organizations in Japan, Singapore, Europe
• Now more than 80 member companies including Utilities, Government Institutions, Product Vendors, Silicon Vendors and Software Companies
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Wi-SUN Alliance Background
7
• Interoperability Testing and Certification Authority for Peer to Peer Wireless Mesh currently focussed on IEEE 802.15.4g and ipv6
• Defines Communications Profiles based on Open Standards for Smart Utility and related networks
• Implements a Testing and Certification program to ensure interoperable products
• Current focus is on Smart Utility Networks and related applications, such as Smart Cities
• Member support in related marketing activities
What Wi-SUN Alliance does not do…
• It is not a Standards Organization
• It does not specify Application Layer profiles
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Wi-SUN Alliance Scope
8
Smart Utility Networks Communications Overview
9 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Smart Utility Networks Wi-SUN Alliance Focus
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance 10
Wireless Smart Utility Networks – Requirements and
Standards
11 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
12
Wireless Communications for IOT
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
802.1x / 802.15.9 EAP-TLS
Application layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Data link layer
PHY layer
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- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Service Layer
TCP UDP
CoAP HTTP
IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) IEEE 802.15.4
(g/e)
Adaptation Layer
6LoWPAN
IEEE 802.16 (WiMax)
Application
IPv6
Application Application
Proprietary Routing: RPL
Cellular
13
Wireless Communications for IOT
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
802.1x / 802.15.9 EAP-TLS
Application layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Data link layer
PHY layer
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- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Service Layer
TCP UDP
CoAP HTTP
IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) IEEE 802.15.4
(g/e)
Adaptation Layer
6LoWPAN
IEEE 802.16 (WiMax)
Application
IPv6
Application Application
Proprietary Routing: RPL
Cellular
Overview of Wireless Technologies
– Wide Area Networks – Tower based “1 to N” technologies
• Cellular
• WiMAX
• Narrowband (proprietary)
• Typically range of several kms.
• “Fixed” topology
– Field / Neighbourhood Area Networks
• Peer to Peer Networks
• Support for self forming / self healing Mesh
• Range of several kms
• “Flexible” topology
– Local Area Networks
• 802.11 WiFi
• 802.15.4 @ 2.4GHz (ZigBee, Thread)
• typically ~10m range
– Personal Networks
• Bluetooth
14 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
• Reliability and Resilience
• Variety of geographies, e.g. Urban, Rural
• High end point connectivity
• Constrained environment e.g.
– Energy consumption
– Processing power
– Operating costs
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Requirements for Smart Utility Networks
15
• Flexibility – deployment scenarios
• Reliability
• Resilience
• High end-point connectivity
• Adaptive and Self Healing
• Low Operational Expenditure
• High Data Rates
• Bi-directional Data
• Can be battery powered (Gas and Water metering)
• Good for AMI and DA
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Benefits of Wireless Mesh for Field Area Networks
16
• In 2008 there were no wireless communications standards for Peer to Peer Field Area Networks
• There were a number of proprietary Field Area Network solutions; many were based on a common technology
A standard was needed - IEEE802.15.4g
Standards Development The Need for IEEE 802.15.4g
17 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
• Focus on Smart Utility Network Communication
• Optimise for Large Scale outdoor Wireless Mesh Networks – “Field Area Network”
• To take proven technology and create a standard to allow interoperable products to address global market.
Standards Development IEEE 802.15.4g - Scope
18 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
• May / July 2008 – Interest Group Meetings
• September 2008 – Study Group formed
• November 2008 – PAR was approved
• January 2009 – First meeting of 802.15 TG4g
• March 2010 – First Letter Ballot
• August 2011 – First Sponsor Ballot
• March 2012 – Approved by IEEE Standards Board
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Standards Development IEEE 802.15.4g - Timeline
19
IEEE 802.15.4g Participation
• Contributors included: – International representation from Gas and Electric utilities
– 8 Smart Grid equipment vendors
– 8 RF silicon vendors
– Government organizations
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance 20
• Positive features and outcomes – Proven Technology
– Backward compatibility with installed base of 10’s millions of meters.
– Great flexibility • Multiple data rates
• Robust error detection
• Optional forward error correction
• Large frame sizes supporting IP directly
– Support for Global and Regional frequency bands • 902-928 MHz in North and South America plus many other regions
• 920 MHz in Japan
• 868.3 MHz in Europe
• Easily extended to other frequency bands
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
IEEE 802.15.4g feature summary
21
• There are a wide range of requirements across different Smart Utility Applications, e.g. :
– Advanced Metering Infrastructure
– Demand/Response
– Distribution Automation
– Smart City – e.g. Street Lighting
– Low power Meter reading – e.g. Gas Metering
– Home Energy Management Systems
– Agricultural
• These applications have a variety of communication requirements
• Communication “profiles” support these application needs
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Supported Applications
22
• Many different stakeholders
• Process results in standards which include many options and features
• Standards can be too generic to implement –
– more options increases the problems in achieving interoperability
• A great start, but …
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Standards Development Risks
23
The need for “Profiles”
24 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
• Specifying the communications functionality for each Smart Utility Network Application
– Options add complexity and make interoperability more difficult to verify.
• An Industry Alliance provides the forum …
– to focus on commercial applications
– to specify a complete protocol stack from PHY to transport layer.
– to specify appropriate security protocols for the application
– To create and manage a testing and certification program
– (many SSOs/SDOs including IEEE802, IETF do not define testing)
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
What was still needed?
25
Industry Alliance Commercial trademark
Standardization body
Wi-SUN Alliance Wi-SUN IEEE802.15.4/e/g IETF
Wi-SUN Certified
• Standards support great flexibility
• Flexibility provides opportunity to support different application requirements, but…
• needs restricting to improve interoperability in each specific application
• Wi-SUN Alliance identifies functionality required for each application area
• Creates “Profile” of standard(s) to meet functional requirements
• Creates Test Plan to verify product compliance with the profile
• A Wi-SUN Alliance approved test laboratory verifies
• (a) Product conformance with “Profile”, and
• (b) Product interoperability with other conformant products
• Wi-SUN Alliance certifies the Product
26 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Wi-SUN Alliance Role
• Wi-SUN Alliance develops Technical Profile specifications of Physical Layer (PHY) and Medium Access Control (MAC) layers, and Network/Transport layer as required.
• Develop test programs to ensure implementations are interoperable
• Wi-SUN Physical layer specification is based on IEEE802.15.4g
• Profile specifications are categorized based on Application
• Each layer may use different options depending on the application (Home Energy Management, Field Area Network ... ).
Physical Radio (PHY)
Medium Access (MAC)
Application
Wi-SUN Profile Specification and Certification Testing Scope
Network Layer / Transport Layer
MAC1 (802.15.4)
MAC2 ( 802.15.4)
PHY1 (for HEMS)
PHY2 (for FAN)
NWK1
(6loWPAN)
Wi-SUN PHY profile
Wi-SUN MAC profile
Wi-SUN NWK profile
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
NWK2 (6loWPAN/ROLL/RPL)
Wi-SUN Smart Utility Network Profiles
27
HEMS FAN
IEEE802.15.4g based PHY
28 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Active Working Groups for Smart Utility Applications
Smart Meter
Data aggregation
WAN
Field Area Network (FAN), Communication between smart meters
Wi-SUN
Wi-SUN
FAN Working Group ECHONET
Working Group
Smart Meter
HEMS/ HGW
Wi-SUN
Wi-SUN
TEPCO B-route : Communication between smart meter and HEMS
Home Area Network
FAN Working Group
• Co Chair: Cisco and Silver Spring Networks
• Feature complete specification is approved
• Supports IEEE802.15.4g/4e PHY/MAC, 6LowPAN, and IPv6
• Supports multi-hopping operation and frequency hopping
• Supports encryption (AES) and device authentication
(802.1x)
ECHONET Working Group
• Chair: NICT, Technical Editor: Toshiba
• Specification is approved (Wi-SUN profile for ECHONET Lite)
• Support IEEE802.15.4g/4e PHY/MAC, 6LowPAN, and IPv6
• Support encryption (AES) and device authentication(PANA)
• Specification is standardized as TTC JJ300.10
Security Considerations for Wireless Networks
29 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
• Security Concerns – Loss of confidentiality: the unauthorized disclosure of information;
– Loss of integrity: the unauthorized modification or destruction of information
– Loss of availability: the disruption of access to or use of information or an information system.
• Challenges – Wireless Networks are easily overheard
– IoT devices are often constrained, e.g. limited resources, limited energy
• NISTIR 7628 – defines “Guidelines for Smart Grid Cyber Security”
– A comprehensive analysis including, use cases and threats, algorithms, key management etc
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Security Concerns and Challenges
30
• Passive – Eavesdropping: an attacker intercepts packets transmitted over the air for further
cryptanalysis or traffic analysis.
– Traffic analysis: allows an attacker to determine that there is activity in the network, the location of the BSs, and the type of protocols being used.
– Message injection: an adversary injects bogus control information into the data stream.
• Active – Message modification: a previously captured message is modified before being
retransmitted
– Node capture: An embedded device is considered being compromised when an attacker, through various means, gains control of the node itself. (includes tampering)
– Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks: can be grouped into two categories
• Service degradation (e.g. collision attack), and
• Service disablement (e.g. jamming)
(Source: IN3-UOC 2014 seminar by Prof. A.A. Economides)
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Security – Attack Models
31
• Choose Security Appropriate for Implementation
• Key Management – Device Authentication
– Secure session key exchange
• Layer 2 security is good for Wireless IoT Networks – Hardware support
– Restricted access to network
– All network traffic is secured
• Layer 2 security Mechanisms – L2 Encryption, ensures message confidentiality
– L2 Integrity Check / Authentication, ensures message integrity
– Decentralised Frequency Hopping mitigates against interferers, either intentional or accidental which improves Network availability
– Networks may use group keys and/or pairwise keys.
• Application Layer security is Out of Scope for Wi-SUN Alliance
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Security Implementation - Wireless IoT Networks
32
Field Area Network (FAN) Profile
33 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Use Cases
AMI Metering Transformer
Monitoring
Distribution
Automation
EV Charging
Infrastructure Gas / Water
Meters
Distributed
Generation
SCADA
Protection and
Control Network
Direct
Load
Control
FA
N
WA
N
Outdoor
Lighting
Network Operations Center
IEEE 802.15.4g/e RF Mesh IEEE 802.15.4g/e RF Mesh
IEEE 802.15.4g/e RF Mesh
Public or Private WAN Backhaul
(Cellular, WiMAX, Fiber/Ethernet)
34 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
35
FAN Stack Overview
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Application Layer
(Out of Scope)
IPv6 / ICMPv6 / RPL /
6LoWPAN
Physical Layer
OSI Layer
PHY
Network
UDP / TCPTransport
Session
Presentation
Application
Wi-SUN FAN
Data Link
MAC Sub-Layer
L2 MESH
LLC Sub-Layer
802.1X,
802.11i,
EAP-TLS
Security
ETSI-
TS-102-
887-2
FAN
Device
IPv6 protocol suite
• TCP/UDP
• 6LoWPAN Adaptation + Header Compression
• DHCPv6 for IP address management.
• Routing using RPL.
• ICMPv6.
• Unicast and Multicast forwarding.
Security
• 802.1X/EAP-TLS/PKI Authentication.
• 802.11i Group Key Management
• Optional ETSI-TS-102-887-2 Node 2 Node Key Management
MAC based on IEEE 802.15.4e + IE extensions
• Frequency hopping
• DiscoveryJoin
• Protocol Dispatch (IEEE 802.15.9)
• Several Frame Exchange patterns
• Optional Mesh Under routing.
PHY based on 802.15.4g
• Various data rates and regions
Supports a variety of IP based app protocols : DLMS/COSEM, ANSI C12.22, DNP3, IEC 60870-5-104, ModBus TCP, CoAP based management protocols.
Protocol layers
• Physical layer
– Narrow band FSK
– Similar, compatible technology deployed in millions of smart utility networks for AMI, DA and HEMS nodes
– Data rates from 50 kbps to 300 kbps
– Node to node range up to several kilometres where regulations permit
– Optional forward error correction for better link margin
• Data link layer
– Frame supports full IP payloads
– 4 octet FCS for good error detection
– De-centralised frequency hopping where permitted (ANSI 4957.200)
– Channel blacklisting for interference mitigation
– Link layer encryption and integrity checking for privacy and authentication
– Optional L2 multi-hop layer
36 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Protocol layers
– Adaptation Layer
• 6LoWPAN
• IPv6 header compression
• UDP header compression
• Fragmentation
• Neighbour discovery
• Routing support
– Network layer
• IPv6
• DHCPv6 address management
– Routing
• ROLL/RPL
– Security • L2 Authentication and Encryption
• IEEE 802.1x over IEEE 802.15.4 ( IEEE802.15.9)
37 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
6LoWPAN
• IPv6 over Low-Power wireless Area Networks
38 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
(Source: 6LoWPAN: The wireless embedded Internet, Shelby and Bowman)
6LoWPAN Features
• Support for e.g. 64-bit and 16-bit 802.15.4 addressing
• Useful with low-power link layers – such as IEEE 802.15.4, narrowband ISM and power-line communications
• Efficient header compression – IPv6 base and extension headers, UDP header
• Network autoconfiguration using neighbor discovery
• Unicast, multicast and broadcast support – Multicast is compressed and mapped to broadcast
• Fragmentation – 1280 byte IPv6 MTU -> 127 byte 802.15.4 frames
• Support for IP routing (e.g. IETF RPL)
• Support for use of link-layer mesh (e.g. 802.15.5)
• Support for Stateless header compression
• Enables a standard socket API
(Source: 6LoWPAN: The wireless embedded Internet, Shelby and Bowman)
39 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
IETF - 6LoWPAN
40 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Date Status IPR AD / Shepherd
Active Internet-Drafts
draft-chairs-6lo-dispatch-iana-registry-00 IANA Registry for 6lowpan Additional Dispatch Bytes
2015-07-06 7 pages
I-D Exists
draft-thubert-6lo-routing-dispatch-06 A Routing Header Dispatch for 6LoWPAN
2015-08-06 22 pages
I-D Exists
draft-turner-dhcp-6co-00 DHCPv6 Option for Configuration of 6LoWPAN Compression Contexts
2015-06-05 5 pages
I-D Exists
RFCs
RFC 4919 (was draft-ietf-6lowpan-problem) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs): Overview, Assumptions, Problem Statement, and Goals Errata
2007-08 12 pages
Informational RFC
Mark Townsley
RFC 4944 (was draft-ietf-6lowpan-format) Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 Networks Errata
2007-09 30 pages
Proposed Standard RFC Updated by RFC6282, RFC6775
Mark Townsley
RFC 6282 (was draft-ietf-6lowpan-hc) Compression Format for IPv6 Datagrams over IEEE 802.15.4-Based Networks
2011-09 24 pages
Proposed Standard RFC
Ralph Droms
RFC 6568 (was draft-ietf-6lowpan-usecases) Design and Application Spaces for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs)
2012-04 28 pages
Informational RFC
Ralph Droms
RFC 6606 (was draft-ietf-6lowpan-routing-requirements) Problem Statement and Requirements for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) Routing
2012-05 32 pages
Informational RFC
Ralph Droms
RFC 6775 (was draft-ietf-6lowpan-nd) Neighbor Discovery Optimization for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs)
2012-11 55 pages
Proposed Standard RFC
Ralph Droms
RFC 7388 (was draft-ietf-6lo-lowpan-mib) Definition of Managed Objects for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs)
2014-10 27 pages
Proposed Standard RFC
Brian Haberman Ulrich Herberg
RFC 7400 (was draft-ietf-6lo-ghc) 6LoWPAN-GHC: Generic Header Compression for IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs)
2014-11 24 pages
Proposed Standard RFC
Brian Haberman Ulrich Herbe
Source https://datatracker.ietf.org
IETF ROLL / RPL
41 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
(Source: 6LoWPAN: The wireless embedded Internet, Shelby and Bowman)
IETF ROLL WG summary
– Routing Over Low power and Lossy Link (ROLL) WG
– Working Group Formed in Jan 2008 and re-chartered once http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/roll-charter.html
– Co-chairs: JP Vasseur (Cisco), David Culler (Arch Rock)
– Mission: define Routing Solutions for LLN (Low power and Lossy Networks)
– Very active work with a good variety of participants
– Re-chartered to specify the routing protocol for smart objects networks (after protocol survey)
– RPL adopted as Routing method
42 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
IETF ROLL Documents and RFCs
43 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Document Date Status IPR AD / Shepherd
Active Internet-Drafts
draft-ietf-roll-applicability-ami-11 Applicability Statement for the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) in AMI Networks
2015-08-03 25 pages
I-D Exists In WG Last Call: Proposed Standard
Michael Richardson
draft-ietf-roll-applicability-home-building-12 Applicability Statement: The use of the RPL protocol suite in Home Automation and Building Control
2015-07-21 37 pages
RFC Ed Queue : EDIT for 15 days Submitted to IESG for Publication: Proposed Standard
1 Alvaro Retana Yvonne-Anne Pignolet
draft-robles-roll-useofrplinfo-00 When to use RFC 6553, 6554 and IPv6-in-IPv6
2015-06-27 9 pages
I-D Exists
draft-tan-roll-clustering-00 RPL-based Clustering Routing Protocol
2015-06-25 10 pages
I-D Exists
draft-thubert-dao-projection-00 Root initiated routing state in RPL
2015-06-29 11 pages
I-D Exists
1
draft-thubert-roll-dao-projection-00 Root initiated routing state in RPL
2015-06-30 11 pages
I-D Exists
1
RFCs
RFC 5741 (was draft-iab-streams-headers-boilerplates) RFC Streams, Headers, and Boilerplates Errata
2009-12 16 pages
Informational RFC
RFC 6550 (was draft-ietf-roll-rpl) RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks Errata
2012-03 157 pages
Proposed Standard RFC
4 Adrian Farrel
RFC 6552 (was draft-ietf-roll-of0) Objective Function Zero for the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL)
2012-03 14 pages
Proposed Standard RFC
Adrian Farrel
RFC 6553 (was draft-ietf-6man-rpl-option) The Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) Option for Carrying RPL Information in Data-Plane Datagrams
2012-03 9 pages
Proposed Standard RFC
Jari Arkko
RFC 6554 (was draft-ietf-6man-rpl-routing-header) An IPv6 Routing Header for Source Routes with the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL)
2012-03 13 pages
Proposed Standard RFC
Jari Arkko
RFC 6687 (was draft-tripathi-roll-rpl-simulation) Performance Evaluation of the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL)
2012-10 26 pages
Informational RFC
Adrian Farrel
RFC 6997 (was draft-ietf-roll-p2p-rpl) Reactive Discovery of Point-to-Point Routes in Low-Power and Lossy Networks
2013-08 40 pages
Experimental RFC
Adrian Farrel JP Vasseur
RFC 7416 (was draft-ietf-roll-security-threats) A Security Threat Analysis for the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPLs)
2015-01 40 pages
Informational RFC
Adrian Farrel Robert Cragie
Source https://datatracker.ietf.org
• Wi-SUN FAN is built on mature Open Standards Protocols
• Feature-Complete Technical Profile Specification 1.0 released in Jan 2015
• Preparing Test Specifications for Certification Program
• Certification Program due for completion in Q1 2016
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
FAN Profile Status
44
Echonet Lite (ENET) Profile
45 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
ENET Use Case Scenarios and Stack Overview
Smart Meter
HEMS/ HGW
Wi-SUN
Wi-SUN
Specification is newly added in new Wi-SUN profile specification 2v02
Based document version 2v02, additional functions will be discussed.
Wi-SUN Profile for ECHONET Lite 2v02 covered
Wi-SUN Profile for ECHONET Lite 2v02 , TTC JJ300.10 (v2) and TR-1052 covered
Layer 5~7
Application [ECHONET Lite]
Layer 4
Wi-SUN Interface
Wi-SUN Transport layer security[PANA]
Wi-SUN Transport layer profile[TCP, UDP]
Layer 3 Wi-SUN Network layer profile [IPv6, ICMPv6]
Wi-SUN Adaptation layer profile[6LoWPAN]
Layer 2 Wi-SUN MAC Wi-SUN MAC Profile [IEEE 802.15.4/4e]
Layer 1 Wi-SUN PHY Wi-SUN PHY profile [IEEE 802.15.4g (920 MHz)]
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance 46
• Technical Profile Specification 2v03 covering Home Area Network (HAN) extension has been released
• HAN extension features include enhanced security, multi-hop function and low energy mechanism
• Preparing Test Specifications for Certification Program
• Certification Program expected to be ready in Q2 2015
Progress to Date
47 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Thank you for your attention
Questions?
http://www.wi-sun.org
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance 48
Appendix
More about Wi-SUN Alliance
49 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Wi-SUN Alliance membership
50 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
• Analog Devices
• CISCO Systems
• Murata
• NICT
• Omron
• Renesas
• Silver Spring Networks
• Toshiba
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Promoter Companies
51
60+ Contributor Members
• A2UICT • Access • Adsol Nissin • ALPS • Anritsu • Atmel • CM Engineering • Discrete Time
Communications • Duke Energy • EDIC Systems • eFlow • Elster • Enverv • EPRI • Exegin Technologies • Freestyle • Fuji Electric • Fujitsu • Gridbee • Hitachi • IO Data • ISB corporation • Itron • Kalkitech • Keysight technology • Kyoto University • Landis & Gyr • Lapis • MCTalk • Megachips • Mitsubishi
• Nagano Radio Systems • Nissin Systems • NEC • NTT • OKI • Oi Electric • Osaka Gas • Osaki Meters • OTSL • Panasonic • PG&E • Procubed • Purdue University • Rohde and Schwartz • Rohm • Satori • Semtech • Silicon Labs • Skyley Networks • Sumitomo • Taiyo Yuden • Tateyama • Tessera Technology • Texas Instruments • Tokyo Gas • Toshiba Toko Meter
Systems • Trilliant • UCC Tech • Ubiquitous • Worldpicom • YRP-IOT
52 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
• Observers
– CETECOM
– PowerTech Labs
– TELEC
– TUV
– UL
TELEC, TUV Rheinland and CETECOM are
Wi-SUN Approved Test Labs
5 Test Lab Members
53 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Wi-SUN Alliance Structure
54 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Wi-SUN Alliance Organization
55 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Board of Directors Exec Committee
Marketing Committee
Test & Certification Committee
Technical Steering Committee
PHY WG
MAC WG
Interface WG
ECH
ON
ET P
rofi
le W
G
FAN
Pro
file
WG
Oth
er P
rofi
le W
G
Domain Working Groups
Focus on ensuring consistency of
PHY/MAC/Transport layers between profiles
Profile Working Groups
Focus on specific applications areas, and
develop profile specifications
Profile Specification Workflow
Profile Working Group: Develops MRD and Profile Specification
Test and Certification Committee
Market requirement
Technical Profile spec (PHY, MAC, NWK), Interface
Conformance and Interoperability Test Specifications
PHY Working Group (PHYWG)
MAC Working Group (MACWG)
Interface Working Group (IFWG)
Test Lab
Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance 56
Wi-SUN Certification Program
57 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
• PHY Certification
– Test Physical layer behavior in situ on communications module
– Appropriate for Silicon Vendors, Module Vendors, System Vendors
• Profile Certification
– Test full communications profile behavior in final product
– Appropriate for Module Vendors, System Vendors, System Integrators
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Certification Program Levels
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• Two Part Testing:
– Conformance Testing – assessing Device Under Test for conformance to the specification using specialized test equipment
– Interoperability Testing – assessing Device Under Test for interoperability with reference implementations known as Certified Test Bed Unit (CTBU)
• All testing is conducted by a Wi-SUN appointed Independent Test Laboratory – Third Party Testing
• Device Under Test must pass all relevant tests to be eligible for certification
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Certification Testing Strategy
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• During Test and Certification Program Development
– Quality assessment and improvement of
• Profile Technical Specification
• Test Specification
• Test Equipment and test tools
• Member company products
– Wi-SUN Alliance uses formal reporting strategy for assessing status
• Steady State
– Venue for Member Companies to assess the readiness of their products for deployment.
– Continual Assessment of Test and Certification Program
– Impact of Profile Technical Specification Changes on test plan and backward compatibility
Fifteen interoperability test events held since Aug. 2012
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Certification Testing Strategy
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First Member Test Event (Aug. 2012)
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Recent Events (Dec. 2014 and Feb. 2015)
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Certified Products
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Certification Status
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• PHY Certification
– Appropriate for Silicon Vendors, Product Vendors, Module Vendors
– 5 Certified Products
• ECHONET Profile Certification
– Communications Protocol profile for ECHONET “Route B”
– 31 Certified Products
• Approved Test Equipment
– 4 Approved TE implementations for PHY Certification Testing
– 2 Approved TE implementations for ECHONET Profile Certification Testing
Certificate Award Ceremony
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Utility membership of Wi-SUN Alliance
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• Duke Energy – “The largest electric power holding company in the United States, supplying and delivering energy to
approximately 7.3 million U.S. customers. We have approximately 57,500 megawatts of electric generating capacity in the Carolinas, the Midwest and Florida – and natural gas distribution services in Ohio and Kentucky. … Duke Energy is a Fortune 250 company traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol DUK.”
• Pacific Gas and Electric – incorporated in California in 1905, is one of the largest combination natural gas and electric utilities in the
United States. Based in San Francisco, the company is a subsidiary of PG&E Corporation. There are approximately 20,000 employees who carry out Pacific Gas and Electric Company's primary business, the transmission and delivery of energy. The company provides natural gas and electric service to approximately 16 million people throughout a 70,000-square-mile service area in northern and central California.
• Tokyo Gas – founded in 1885, is the primary provider of natural gas to the main cities of Tokyo, Chiba, Gunma, Kanagawa,
Saitama, Ibaraki, Tochigi, Yamanashi, and Nagano. As of 2012, Tokyo Gas is the largest natural gas utility in Japan. Number of gas customers is 11.11 million (as of March 31, 2014)
• Osaka Gas – Founded in 1897 and beginning operations in 1905, the company serves 7 million natural gas customers in
the Kansai Region of central Japan, including the urban centers of Osaka, where the company is headquartered, Kobe and Kyoto. It is the second largest domestic supplier, accounting for 24% of all natural gas sold in Japan
• TasNetworks – TasNetworks is a Tasmanian State Owned Corporation that supplies power from the generation source to
homes and businesses through a network of transmission towers, substations and powerlines
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Current Wi-SUN Utility Members
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• Contributor Membership – To input Utility requirements to the certification program to ensure alignment with both
currently deployed systems and future needs
– To monitor and review the Technical Profile specification
– Attend member meetings and Interoperability Events
– To endorse the development of interoperable products based on open standards
– To encourage an eco-system of interoperable products
• Adopter Membership – Access to final, approved Wi-SUN profile specifications and associated test specifications
– Admission to targeted Wi-SUN Alliance interoperability events
– Participation in alliance workshops and developers' conferences
– Approved use of Wi-SUN Alliance logo on promotional materials
– Access to Wi-SUN Alliance marketing collateral and e-newsletter
– Access to a world-class ecosystem of members
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Wi-SUN Utility Membership Benefits
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Collaboration with Other Organizations
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Collaboration with other organizations
Wi-SUN Alliance:
• defines PHY/MAC/Transport layer profiles to support specific Smart Utility Network and Smart City Applications
• develops test specifications and test plans as part of a Certification Program
• cooperates with other Industry Alliances when appropriate to support Application Layer Interoperability.
Wi-SUN
IEEE
ZigBee Alliance
SGIP
CSEP
Homeplug
Forum
ISGF
ECHONET
Open-ADR
JSCA
JUTA
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Dual Logo Certification Plan (ECHONET example)
Wi-SUN Alliance ECHONET consortium
Smart Utility Network Product developer
Information share and update
1. Develop wireless module based on Wi-SUN and ECHONET Lite specifications
2. Take conformance / interoperability / certification test examination
3. Wi-SUN logo issued when product passes Wi-SUN tests and is certified.
4. Take certification examination on ECHONET Lite part
5. ECHONET logo issued if pass the examination
If the module is certified by WI-SUN Alliance, the number of test items in ECHONET consortium may be reduced on communication interface
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Collaboration Towards ECHONET Lite Program
• TTC
– Signed MOU on Feb. 21, 2013
– On the development of technical standards in the fields of, including but not limited to Home Energy Management Systems, Building Automation, energy and environmental technology
• ECHONET consortium
– Signed MOU on Jan. 18, 2013
– On conformance and Interoperability Testing and Certification of Technical Standards Incorporating IEEE802.15.4g/e
Signing Ceremony with TTC
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Other Collaborations
• Japan Utility Telemetering Association – Signed MOU on Nov.8, 2012 – On conformance and Interoperability Testing and Certification of Technical
Standards incorporating IEEE802.15.4g/e
• OpenADR Alliance – Signed Liaison Agreement on February 20, 2014 – Working together to enable interoperability between smart utility networks
and utility demand response programs based on the OpenADR specification.
• Homeplug Alliance – Signed Liaison Agreement on March 14, 2014 – To facilitate collaboration toward the goal of enabling hybrid smart grid
networks supporting both wireless (RF) and powerline-wired connectivity (PLC)
• India Smart Grid Forum – Signed Liaison Agreement on June 5, 2015 – To promote the use of wireless mesh technology in appropriate areas of the
smart grid. – To promote benefits of interoperable, certified “standards based” products – To work with Indian spectrum authority to ensure appropriate rules are in
place
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Current Status of Collaboration
TEPCO adopts Wi-SUN specification for Wireless Smart Utility Network. Tokyo, Japan. – October 3, 2013 - The Wi-SUN® Alliance, a global ecosystem of organizations creating interoperable wireless solutions for use in energy management, smart-utility network applications, today announced that the Wi-SUN Alliance specification for the Wireless protocol between Smart Meter and Home Energy Management Systems has been selected by TEPCO (Tokyo Electric Power Company Inc. http://www.tepco.co.jp/en/index-e.html) for its Wireless B route. TEPCO will deploy 27 million smart meters over the next 10 years. The Wi-SUN ECHONET-Lite specification version 2 was made available for product development in August 2013. The specification provides for fully interoperable, multiple vendor implementations helping to simplify technology selection, installation and maintenance for consumers and custom installers alike. It includes an authentication and encryption process between smart meter and home energy management system (HEMS), and between HEMS and home electrical appliances. "The Wi-SUN Specification is the most robust, reliable and scalable low power wireless standard for Home Energy Management Systems, and the technology of choice for world-leading service providers, installers and retailers," said Hiroshi Harada, NICT, Wi-SUN Alliance board co-chair and chair of the ECHONET WG. "This marks a major success for Wi-SUN Alliance," said Phil Beecher, Chairman, "Our members have developed broad global specifications supported by a robust, open, testing and certification process. We have also worked extensively with other stakeholders to map these specifications to regional needs. We are honored that TEPCO, one of the world’s largest utilities, has provided this validation of the value of our collaborative, global, process.”
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Current Status of Collaboration
NEW INDUSTRY COLLABORATION TO IMPROVE SMART GRID SYSTEM INTEROPERABILITY
OpenADR™ Alliance and Wi-SUN® Alliance Form Strategic Relationship to Advance Energy Efficiency
MORGAN HILL, Calif., TOYKO, Japan Feb., 25. 2014: The OpenADR Alliance and WI-SUN Alliance today announced a liaison agreement to more quickly accelerate the rollout of energy efficient program offerings. The two organizations will work together to enable interoperability between Smart Utility Networks and utility demand response programs based on the OpenADR specification. “Both the Wi-SUN Alliance and the OpenADR Alliance are finding growing acceptance of their respective specifications globally,” said Barry Haaser, managing director, OpenADR Alliance. “It is important to enable interoperability between the two specifications to provide seamless connectivity between Wi-SUN based smart-utility networks and OpenADR based automated demand response programs.” “This agreement will help energy providers deploy smart utility networks and automated demand response programs cost effectively and with confidence,” said Phil Beecher, chairman, Wi-SUN Alliance. “The two industry standards are highly complementary, offering Utility companies more flexibility in their demand response and energy management program offerings.” OpenADR and Wi-SUN will collaborate with their respective members and will offer incentives to members to encourage joint participation in complementary activities.
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Singapore Open House Tokyo Open House(150 people participated)
Tokyo Open House Demo (Left: Tokyo Gas, Right: NICT) Singapore Open House @ Wi-SUN booth
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Wi-SUN Open Houses
Wireless Japan 2015
Slide 77 Copyright © 2015 Wi-SUN™ Alliance
Thank you for your kind attention
http://www.wi-sun.org
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