Internet Literacy

The Internet

• Created by DARPA , 1969

• Packet switching technology

• Uses Internet Protocol

Internet Services

• E-mail• Listserv• USENET Newsgroups• Chatting• FTP• Telnet• Gopher• World Wide Web

Internet Services

• Client-Server computing

• Domains and Sub-domains– www.bridgewater.edu– hostname.subdomain.top-level-domain– 147.138.10.40 is a computer at BC

Changing The World

• Mergers and Alliances

• Telecommuting

• Business, Advertising, and Online Shopping

• Government, Politics and Defense

• Electronic Publishing

• Teaching and Learning

• Interconnected Scholarship

Connecting

1. Internet Service Provider

2. Communications medium

3. Software using IP

Internet Service Providers

• American Online

• AT&T Worldnet

• CompuServe

• Microsoft Network

• Prodigy Internet

• Regional providers

• Educational institutions

Transport Medium

• POTS

• ETHERNET

• Token Ring

• ISDN

• Cable modems

Software

• TCP/IP connections– PPP Point-to-Point Protocol– Broadband– ISDN

Netiquette

• Rules and conventions to govern behavior on the Net

• RFC 1855 - “Responsible Use of the Network”

• “Bill of Rights”

• “Ten Commandments of Internet Use”

Ten Commandments

– The Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics

• by the Computer Ethics Institute • Thou shalt not use a computer to harm other people.

• Thou shalt not interfere with other people's computer work.

• Thou shalt not snoop around in other people's computer files.

• Thou shalt not use a computer to steal.

• Thou shalt not use a computer to bear false witness.

Ten Commandments• Thou shalt not copy or use proprietary software for which you

have not paid.

• Thou shalt not use other people's computer resources without authorization or proper compensation.

• Thou shalt not appropriate other people's intellectual output.

• Thou shalt think about the social consequences of the program you are writing or the system you are designing.

• Thou shalt always use a computer in ways that insure consideration and respect for your fellow humans.

Unethical Uses

• SPAM

• Lurking

• Flames– Firefighters

• Shouting

Good Things to Know

• Smileys and Emoticons– :)

• Three Letter Acronyms (TLAs)– imo = in my opinion– ttfn = ta-ta for now

• Jargon– FAQ, beta, snail mail– see table 5-1, pg 65

LISTSERV

• Send e-mail to a distribution list

• List includes those who want to discuss a topic

• You subscribe to a list– Any e-mail sent to list comes to you– If you send e-mail, it goes to all on list

• LISTSERV Search tools, table 7-2, pg 89

• Receive listserv e-mails just like any other

LISTSERV

• Respond to a listserv e-mail

• Send a new msg to listserv to start discussion

• Any listserv has two address– listserv for commands, list for msgs

• Pause delivery if necessary

• Find out who else is on the address list

• Un-subscribe when you want

• Listserv commands - table 7-4, pg 94

Creating Web Pages

1. HTML Editor

2. WYSIWYG Editor

3. Converter

HTML Editors

• Written using Hypertext Markup Language

• Consists of text and special TAGS– Tags direct how text will appear

• Type document directly

• Lots of control, but technical and tedious– WebEdit– HotMetal

WYSIWYG Editors

• What You See Is What You Get

• Type text onto page as you want to appear

• Editor translates into HTML

• Less technical, but less control– Netscape Composer– Microsoft Frontpage– Adobe PageMill– Claris Home Page

HTML Converters

• Turn existing document into HTML

• “Save as HTML”– WordPerfect Internet Publisher– Internet Assistant for MS Word– Internet Assistant for MS Excel– Internet Assistant for MS Access– Internet Assistant for MS PowerPoint

Active Tools

• “Bring Web pages to life”

• Animated GIFs– multiple images that loop– GIF Construction Site from Interlit

• JAVA– object-oriented programming language– from SUN– machine independent

Active Tools

– JAVA applets– JavaScript– ActiveX– Shockwave

Internet File Types

• Text– plain text = .txt– hypertext = .htm– word processors = .doc or .wpd

• Images– Graphics Interchange Format = .gif– Joint Photographic Experts Group = .jpg– Portable Network Graphics = .png

Internet File Types

• Waveform Audio– waveform = .wav– .au and .snd– audio streaming = .ra and .ram

• MIDI Synthesizer format = .mid– Musical Instrument Digital Interface

Internet File Types

• Video Formats– MS Video for Windows = .avi– Apple Quicktime = .mov and .qt– Motion Picture Experts Group = .mpg– Video Stream = .rm

• Portable Document Format = .pdf

• Virtual Reality Format = .vrml

Citing Internet Resources

• APA - American Psychological Association

• MLA - Modern Language Association

• CMS - Chicago Manual of Style

– in-text citations, not footnotes– several examples at InterLit site

Individual Works found on Net

• APA– Pritzker, T.J. (No date). An early fragment from central Nepal [Online]. Available:

http://www.ingress.com/~astanart/pritzker/pritxke.html [1995, June 8].

• MLA– Pritzker, Thomas J. An early fragment from central Nepal. N.D. Online. Ingress

Communications. Available: http://www.ingress.com/~astanart/pritzker/pritxke.html. 8 June 1995.

• CMS– Pritzker, T.J., An early fragment from central Nepal. Available from

http://www.ingress.com/~astanart/pritzker/pritxke.html [cited 8 June 1995].

Journal Articles

• APA– Inada, K. (1995). A Buddhist response to the nature of human rights. Journal of

Buddhist Ethics [Online], 2, 9 paragraphs. Available: http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/twocont.html [1995, June 21].

• MLA– Inada, Kenneth. “A Buddhist Response to the Nature of Human Rights.” Journal of

Buddhist Ethics 2 (1995): 9 pars. Online.. Available: http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/twocont.html. 21 June 1995.

• CMS– Inada, K., “A Buddhist Response to the Nature of Human Rights,” Journal of Buddhist

Ethics [journal online], vol. 2, 9 paragraphs. Available from http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/twocont.html [cited 21 June 1995].

Fair Use Guidelines

• Consortium of College and University Media Centers– 1000 words of text– not more than 5 images– not more than 30 seconds of music– mot more than 3 minutes of video– 2500 fields or cells from a database

• This applies to students only!

Societal Issues

• Equity and Universal Access– Net Day– Technological underclass?

• Privacy– Sniffing– Cookies– Certification

Societal Issues

• Stalking

• Security– Passwords– Encryption– Firewalls

Emerging Technologies

• Changing the Infrastructure– HTTP 1.1– Multicast Backbone– Internet II– Wireless Communications

• Real-time Communications– Internet Telephone Services

Emerging Technologies

• Artificial Intelligence– Voice Recognition– Image Recognition– Knowbots

• Digital TV– HDTV– MPEG Digital Video– WebTV

Emerging Technologies

• Push Technologies– Pointcasting

How To Keep Up

• Listservs

• Catalogs

• Periodicals and Web Sites

• Books