INTERNET, DOMAIN NAME, WORLDWIDEWEB

Saurabh Pandey

HTML & HYPERLINKS

To surf internet, one types an address (URL) in the browser. The browser locates and displays the page on the PC The page will have text, images, videos etc. Each of these element perhaps is further linked to another page.

(these links or text are called as hyperlink or hypertext)

Hyperlinks- text pointing to other pages. Clicking on these links take you to a different page or a different location in the same page

HTML- Hyper text mark up language. A language in which pages on the internet can be written and displayed in a browser.

Html invented by Tim Bernes Lee, scientist at CERN, Geneva

Web Server

When you type an address in the browser Where does the page come from? How is it brought to your PC?

The web-pages are stored/hosted on servers that are connected to internet or web. These servers are called Web-servers.

Since you request several pages which may be hosted in different parts of the world on different servers- all the web-servers hence are also interlinked like a spider’s web.

Thus the name world wide web.

Illustration

Client Browser Server

IP

Millions of web servers. How does one know which server to connect to for a webpage?

All computers have a unique address (just like our portal addresses)

This address is a number like: 110.22.206.18 4 numbers. Separated by ‘.’ Between 0 and

255 This addressing scheme is known as IP

Addressing scheme or Internet protocol address (IP Address)

More on IP

Every computer on internet has an IP address.

This is how web servers locate the computers in order to serve the desired page.

These computers are called ‘hosts’ We currently use IP Version 4 (IPV4) which

can allocate 4 billion IP addresses. We are moving towards IPV6 which can

allocate two hundred million million million million million million addresses!

The DNS

Domain Name System It’s difficult to remember the IP addresses for

each website, hence the need for domain names. For example: travel.atomthought.com refers to a

server called ‘travel’ which is located on a domain ‘.atomthought’ which in turn is located in a domain ‘.com’

Analogy- saurabh.sector-49.faridabad.india tells you the complete address of a particular ‘saurabh’

This method of naming servers is called the DNS-Domain name system

DNS Resolution

If you type a domain name in your browser

The browser tries to locate the domain name in the closest domain name server.

If not found the request is sent to other domain name server in the next level domain

This process of finding the IP address for a given domain name is called Domian Name Resolution

Top Level Domains

Largest domains (the rightmost in a URL) in any domain name are standardized

There are two types of Top Level domains COUNTRY (.in, .cn, .uk etc.) CATEGORY (.com, .org. .edu etc.)

Understand With A Video

Traffic

The number of visitors on your website We count them as Unique Visitors

One visitor can come more than once (visits) Page-View- When any page is fully loaded in the

browser

Relevant Traffic Visits that are single page only are also called as

bounced. This is bad traffic.

If you target visitors well (age group, location, intent, content preference etc.) you will get relevant traffic.

Traffic Sources

Direct Directly types URL in a

browser

Search Search engines (Paid

and Unpaid)

Referral E-mailers, blogs, social

networks, news sites etc.

Website

Direct

Referral

Search

How do you get traffic

Get Traffi

c

Social Media Marketing

Search Engine

Marketing

eMail Marketing

Targeted Display

Advertising

Alliance & Partnership

Your own website

Mobile Marketing/Ap

ps