HANDBOUNDAT THE

UNUERSITY OFTORONTO PRESS

E916B.2 yfioy

EUTROPII inSTORI^ ROMANi':

LIBRI SEPTEM.

THE FIRST SEVEN BOOKS

ov

EUTROPIUS'S EPITOME OF THE HISTORY OF ROME.

BY THE REV. C. BRADLEY, M.A.

GRAMMATICAL NOTES

A.UAFrii) TO THE PtJlJLIC SaiOOL LATIN PltlMliB,

A>'D

A VOCABULARY

OM THE PI.AN OF WHITE's JUNIOB SCHOLAB's LATIN-ENOLISH DICTXONABY

JOHN T. WHITE, D.D.

OK CORI'UB CUIUSTI COLLEGE, OXPOltU ;

UKCTOB OF BT. MABllK LUDGATB, LONDON.

NEW EDITION.

LONDON

:

LONGMANS, OREEN, AND C 0.

1883.

LONDOS : PBISrED BT

BP0TT13W00DE A5D CO., XEW-STnEET SQUABEAXD PAELIAMEST 8TREET

PEEFAOE.

The recent appearance of the " Public School Latin

Primer," and the publication of " White's Junior

Scholar's Latin-English Dictionary " in the earlier

part of the year, have induced the Editor to bring

into harmony with their principles certain of his

Elementarj^ Classical Works, viz. : his editions of

Bradley's Eutropius and Phaedi-us, together with

that of Valpy's Latin Delectus. In these so much

has been done, and so completely have their respec-

tive Notes and Vocabularies been altered, in order

to meet the existing state of scholarship, that they

may fairly be regarded as new works, rather than

as new editions.

Observations upon certain passages, and the ex-

planation of points of a purely grammatical nature,

have been alone retained in the Notes, remarks upon

construction being worded in accordance with the

terminology of the " Public School Latin Primer "

and accompanied with references to the rules of its

Sjntax. Matters connected with history, geo-

IV PREFACE.

graphy, biography, antiquities, &c.", have been trans-

ferred from the body ofthe Notes to the Vocabularies,

and assigned a place in the article treating of the

person or thing to whom or which they respectively

appertain. This fsystem of arrangement will, it is

believed, greatly facilitate a reference to any part-

icular cuxumstance or event which it may be desired

at any time to bring before the mind, inasmuch as

a name or a term is more readily discoverable in a

Vocabulary, than in a mass of Notes.

The Vocabularies have been rewritten, on a plan

mainly corresponding with that foUowed in " White's

Junior Scholar's Latin-English Dictionary."

"VVhenever the origin of a word is traceable to a

pure Latin source, the etymology is given at the

beginning of the article immediately after the state-

ment of the mode of inflection. Next to the etymo-

logy, the etymological meaning of the word is sup-

plied. This is printed in Roman characters, within

inverted commas, and placed within brackets, in

order to distinguish it from the English renderings

or equivalents, for whieh Italic type is employed.

When, however, the affinity of a word with an-

other language than the Latin is mentioned, the

etymology is placed at the end of the article. The

information thus given is not intended for young

beginners, for it is beyond their comprehension.

But it is inserted for that class of persons—and

PREFACE. y

that it is an increasingly numerous one is evidenccd

by frequent letters addressed to the Publishers and

Editor—who in maturcr ycars turn their attention

in some degrce to those studies, which in earlier

life they had discontinued from either necessity or

) choice. Such are likely, more or less, to appreciate

and feel interested in the principles of an extended

philology.

Compound words formed from two simple words

have merely a hyphen placed between their com-

ponent parts.

It should be bome in mind, that the Vocabularies

comprise only such words as occur in the works to

which they are respectively appended, and take

notice of those forces alone in which they therein

occur. Hence it will be seen that anything like a

philosophical distribution of terms on the plan of a

General Dictionary is not possible." At the same

time it is to be remarked that the various meanings of

the several words found in each Author, are arranged

with as close an approach to the sequence of meaTv

ings as circumstances allow.

London: Octoher 1866.

EUTEOPIUS.

FIRST BOOK.

I. Poiuidition of Rome by Romulus,— 2— 7. Character, Inslitu-

tions, and Esploits of the Seven Kings. — 8. Tarquinus Superbus

detbroned and banished.— 9, 10. Consuls elected. Tarquin wages

War against Rome.— 11. Porsena assists him. Sabine War.

— 12. Institution of ihe Dictatorship.— 13. Creation of Tribunes

of the People. — 14. The Volsci, who had been vanquished by

Tarquin, take up Arms again, and are defeated. — 15. Coriolanus

banished ; appointed Gencral of the Volsci ; lcads their Forces

against Rome ; but draws them offat thc Entreaty of his Wife and

Mothcr.— 16. The Fabian Family slaughtered by the Veientes,

The Census first taken.— 17. Quinctius Cincinnatus made Dic-

tator. — 18. The Decemviii.— 19. War with the Fidenates, Vei-

eutes, and Volsci. — 20. War of the Gauls.

I. Romanum imperium, quo neque ab exordio ullumfer^ minusj neque incrementis toto orbe ampHus,

humana potest memoria recordari, a RoMULO ex-

ordium habct ; qui Recc Silviaj, Vestalis virginis,

filius, et, quantum putatus cst, Martis, cum Remofratre uno partu editus est. Is, cum inter pastores

latrocinaretur, octodecim annos natus, urbem exi-

guara in Palatino monte constituit, undecimo Ca-B

2 EUTROPIUS.

lendas Maii, Olympiadis sextaj anno tertio, ijost

Troja} excidium, iit qui plurimum minimumquetraduut, trecentesimo nonagcsimo quai'to.

II. Condita civitate, quam ex nomine suo Romamvocavit, haic fere egit. jMiiltitudinem flnitimorum in

civitatem recepit ; centum ex senioribus elegit, quo-

rum consilio omnia ageret, quos senatores nominavit

propter senectutem. Tum, cum uxores ipse et po-

pulus suus non haberent, invitavit ad spectacuhim

ludorum vicinas urbis liomffi nationes, atque earum

virgincs rapuit. Commotis bellis propter raptarum

injuriam, Casninenses vicit, Antcmnates, Crustumi-

nos, Sabinos, Fidenates, Veientes ; hajc omnia oj)-

pida urbem cingunt. Et cum, orta subito tempestate,

non comparuisset, anno regni trigesimo septimo ad

deos transisse creditus cst, et consecratus. Deinde

Romfe per quinos dies senatores imperaverunt ; et hia

regnantibus annus unus completus est.

III. (a. u. 39.) Postea Numa Pompilius rex

creatus est; qui bellum quidcm nulkim gessit, sed

non minus civitati, quam Romulus, profuit. Nam et

leges Romauis moresque constituit;qui consuetudine

prceliorum jam latrones ac semibarbari putabantur

;

et annum descripsit in decem menses, prius sine

aiiqua, computatione confusum ; et infinita Poma)sacra ac templa constituit, i\Iorbo decessit, quadra-

gesimo tertio impcrii anno.

IV. (a. u. 82.) Huic successit Tullus Hos-TiLius. Hic bella rcparavit, Albanos viclt, qui ab

urle Roma. duodecimo miUiario sunt; Veientes et

Fidenates, quorum alii sexto milHario absunt ab urbe

Roma, alii octavo decimo, bello superavit ; urbem am-pUavit, adjecto Coelio monte. Cum triginta duobus

annis regnasset, fuhuine ictus, cum domo sua arsit.

V. (a. u. 114.) Post hunc A^xcs Makciu8,Numae ex fiha nepos, suscepit impcrium. Contra

Latinos dimicavit; Aventinum montem civitati ad-

BOOK I. 3

iecit^ ct Jauiculum

;

apud ostiura-Iibcmciwtatemsupra mare sexto decimo milliario ab urbc Komd coi>

didit. Vigcsimo quavto anno impcrii morl)o pcriit.

V I. (a. u. 138.) Dcimle rcgiium Puiscus Tai:-

QUIXIUS accepit. Ilic numerum senatorura du-

plicavit ; circimi Rom« tcdffieayit h ludos Romanosinstituitj qui ad nostraiu_.mQji.;oriani pcrmanent.^^

Vicit idcm ctiauv- Sal>w«^ ct non pariim a<irorum,

sublatum iisdcm, urbis Roraoj tcrritorio adjunxit,

prijmiusqiie triumphans urbcni intravit. !Muro3 fecit

et cloacas ; Capitobum incboavit. Trigcsimo octavo

impcrii anno per Anci filios occisus est, regis ejus,

cui ipse successerat.

VII. (a. u. 176.) Post hunc Servius Tulliussuscepit imperium, gcnitus ex nobili feniihaPcaptiva

'

tamen ct famula. Hic quoquc Sabinos subegit

;

montes trcs, Quirinalem, ViininaTem, Esquilinum,

urbi adjunxit ; fossas circa murum duxit; Primus

omnimn censinn ordinavit, qui adhuc per orbem ter-

rarum incognitus erat. Sub eo Romai omnibus in

censum delatis, habuit capltum octoginta trijijniUia

civium Romanorum"CtItn hTsj" qui in agris erant. Oc-cisus est quadragesimo quinto imperii anno scelere^

generi sui Tarquinii, fibi ejus regis, cui ipse succes-

serat, et filias, quam Tarquinius habebat uxorem.

VIII. (a. u. 220.) TiTicius Tarquinius SurER-BUS, 8eptiimi3_atc[u^ ultimus rcgum/ Volscos, qu£c

gens ad Campaniam- euntibus non longe ab urbe

est, vicit; Gabios civitatcm ct Suessam Pomctiamsubegit ; cum Tu^js,liaccin fccit^ .c.t lemplum Jovi

iiLCapitolio pedificavit. Postea ArdciJin oppugnans,

in octavo decimo milliario ah urbe positam civita-

tem, iT^nppriiim perflidit. Xam cuin filius cjuSj^ ipse''

Tarquinius junior, no])ilissimam fcminam Lucretiam,^

eandcmque pudicissimam, Collatini uxorem, stjijiras^ /

set, eaque de injuria marito, et patri, ct amicis questa

fuisset. in omnium conspectu se occidit- Proptery. 2

4 EUTROPIUS.

quam causam Brutus, parens et ipsc Tarquinii, po-

pulum concitavit, et Tarquinio adenut imperium.

Mox cxercitus quoquc euui, qui civitatem Ai-deam

cum ipso rcge oppugnabat, reliquit, vcniensquc ad

iu*bem rex, ])orti; clau.-i.~, exclusus cit. Cumqueimpcrasset anno.s vighiti quinquc, cuui uxore et libcria

suis fugit. Ita Roniaj regnatum est pcr septem reges

annis duccntis quadraginta tribus, cum adiiuc Roma,ubi plurimum, vix usque ad quintum decimum mil-

liarium possidcret.

IX. ..Hinc CoxsuLES cceperc pro uno rege duohac causa crcari, ut, si unus malus esse voluisset,

alter eum, habens potestatcm similem, coercei'et. Etplacuit, ne impcrium longius quam annuum haberent,

ne per diuturnitatem potcstatis insolentiores rcdde-

rentur, sed civiles sempcr cssent, qui se post annumscirent futuros esse privatos. (a. u. 245.) jRjifynnt.

igitur anno primo, exjjulsis regibus, consules L..Ju--

nius Brutus, qui maxime egerat, ut Tarquinius pel-

leretur, et Xa.t£.uinius_ColIa^ii4«Sr-maritus Lucretite.

Sed Tarquinio CoUatiuo statim sublata dignitas est.

Placuerat enim, ne quisquam in lu-be maneret, qui

Tarquinius vocaretur. Ergo, accepto omni patrimonio

suo, ex urbe migravit, et loco ipsius factus est Vale-

rius Publicola consul. CommoAdt tamen bellum urbi_

Ilomo3 rax Tarquinius, qui fuerat expulsus, et col-

lectis multis gentibus, ut in regnum posset restitui,

dimicavit.

X. In primd pugnd Brutus consul, et Arimgj^Taj:-

^quiaii iilius, invicem se occiderunt. Romani tamenex ea pugna victores recesscrunt. Brutum Romanasmatronoe, defeusorem pudicitiae suaj, quasi commu-nem patrem, per annum luxerunt. (a. u. 245.) Vale-

rius Publicola Sp. Lucretium Tricipitinum collegam

sibi fecit, Lucretia3 patrem ; quo morbo mortuo, ite-

rum Horatium Pulvilhun collegam sibi sumsit. Ita

primus annus quinque consules habuit, cum Tar-

BOOK I. .5

quhiius Collatinus urLe ccssissct proptcr noinen,

Brutus proclio pcrissct, Sp. Lucrctius niorbo mortuusessct.

XI. Secundo quoque anno itorum Tarquiuius, nt

vrecipercturTn rcgnuni, bellum liomanis iatulit, auxi-

lium ei fcrcntc Porsena, Tuscia; rcge ; ct llomam pa^no

Qe^)it. (a. u. 246.) Verum tunc quoquc victus cst.

Tertio anno post reges exactos Tarquinius, ciim sus-

cipi non posset in regnum, ncquc ei Pprscna, quipacem cum Romanis fcccrat, auxilium prajstarct,

(a. u. 247) Tusculum se contulit, qua3 civitas nonlonge ab urbe est, atque ibi \K'V quatuoTdecim annospfhltttis cum uxore consenuit. Quarto anno post

reges exactos, cum Sabini Komanis bellum intulisscnt,

victi sunt, et de his est triumphatum. (a. u. 249.)Quinto anno Valerius ille, Bruti collcga, ct quatcrconsul fataliter mortuus est ; adco paupcr, ut, col-

latis a populo nummis, sumtum habucrit scpuhurfe

;

qucm matronaj, sicut Bi*utum, annum hixerunt.

XII. Nono anno post rcgcs exactos, ci!mi gcnerTarquinii, ad injuriam soceri vindicandam, ingentemcollegissct cxercitum, nova Roma3 dignitas est crcata,

quaj DiCTATURA appcllatur, major quam consu-

latus. (a. u. 253.) Eodem anno etiam MagisterEquitum factus cst, qui dictatori obscqueretur.

Dictator autem Roma? primus fuit Lartius ; magistcrequitum primus Sp. Cassius.

XIII. (a. u. 260.) Sexto deeimo anno post rcgcs

exactos seditionem populus Romas fecit, tanquam a

senatu atque consuhbus premeretur. Tum ct ipse

sibi Tribunos Plebis, quasi proprios judiccs ct

defensores, crcavit, pcr quos contra scnatum et con-suJfs tutus esse posset.

XIV. (a. u. 261.) Sequenti anno Volsci belhunrcparaverunt, ct, victi acie, etiam Coriolos civitatem,

quam habebant optimam, perdidcnmt.2iY. (a. u. 262.) Octavo decimo anno post ejectof?

G EUTROPIUS.

rcges expulsus ex urbe Q. Marcius, dux Homano-rum, qui Coriolos ceperat, Volscorum civitatem, ad

Ipsos Yolscos contendit iratus ; et auxilia contra

Romanos accepit, Homanosque soepe vicit. Usque ad

quintum milliarium urbis accessit, oppugnaturus etiam

patriam, kgatis, qui pacem pctebant, repudiatis, nisi

ad eum mater Veturia et iixor Volumnia ex urbe

venisscnt; quarum fletu et deprecatione superatus

removit exercitum. Atque hic secundus post Tar-

quinimn fiiit, qui dux contra patriam suam esset.

XVI. (a. u. 275.) Csesone Fabio et Tito Virginio

consulibu.-^, trecenti nobiles homincs, qui ex Fabia

famiha erant, contra Veientes belhim soh suscepcrunt,

promittentes senatui et populo, per se omne ccrtamen

implendum. Itaque profecti omnes nobiles, et qui

singuU magnorum oxercituum duces esse deberent,

in procho conciderunt. Unus omnino superfuit ex

tanta famiha, qui propter «tatem puerilem duci nonpotuerat ad pugnam. Post hiec census in urbe haliitus

est, et iuventa sunt civium capita centum novemde-

cim mihia, trecenta, novemdecim. (a. u. 295.)

XVII. Scquenti anno, cC.ui in Algido monte, ab

m'be duodecimo ferme milhario, Romanus obsideretur

exercitus, L. Quinctius Cinciunatus dictator est

factus (a. u\2yoJ; qui, agrum quatuor jugerumpossidens, mauibus suis colebat. Is cnm. in opere et

arans essct inventus, sudore detersoTTogam prrotextam

accepit, et cassis hostibus hljenivit exercituin. ~

XV III. (a^u. 302.) Amio treceutesimo ct altero

ab ui'be coudita imperium consulare cessavit, et pro

duobus consulibus decem facti sunt, qui summam po-

testatem haberent, Decemviri nominati. Sed cumprirao anno bene egissent, secundo uniis ex iis,

A[)pius Claudius, Yirginii cujusdam, qui honestis jamstipendiis contra Latinos in monte Algido mihtabat,

iiliara virginera corrumpere vohiit ; quam pater occi-

dit, ne stuprum a decemviro sustineret, et, regressus

BOOK I. T

ad milites, movit tumultum. Sublata est decemviris

potestas, ipsique damnati sunt.

XIX. (a. u. 315.) Aniio trccentesimo decimoquinto ab urbe condlta, Fideuates contra Komanosrebellavenuit. Auxllinm his pra?stabant Yeientes,

et rex Veientium Toluuinius. Qua3 ambaj civitates

tam vicinaj urbi sunt, ut Fidenae sexto, Veientes oc-

tavo decimo milliario absint. Conjvinxerunt se his

et Volsci. Sed Mamcrco iEmilio dictatore, et L.Quinctio Cincinnato magistro cquitum, victi, ctiam

regem perdidenmt. (a. u. 329.) Fidenje captaj et

excisaj.

XX. (a. u. 349.) Post viginti deinde annos Vei-

entani rebellaverunt. (a. u. 359.) Dictator contra

ipsos missus est Furius Cfm]illus>q ui primum eos vdcit

acie ; mox etiam civitatcm diu obsidens cepit, nnti-

quissimam Italiaj atque ditissimam. (a. U. 361.) Post

eam cepit et Faliscos, non minus nobilem civiLatem;

sed commota est ei invidia, quasi pra^dam male di-

visisset, damnatusque ob eani causam, et expidsus clvi-

tate est. (a. u. 364.^ Statim Galli Senoncsad urbemvenerunt, et ^-i^^ Rnnn"^'^ m^i^r.;.^-.^ milliario a

Eoma apud flumcii Alliam secuti, fctiam,u;lLcm occur

pamntj neque defendi qui^lqnnm^ nisi C^pitolium.jotuit. Quod cum diu obsedissent, et jam Romanilame laborarent, a Camillo, qui in vicina civitate ex-

sulabat, Gallis superventum est, gra.vitiiiimrquft viali-.

giint. (a. U. 365.) Postea tamen, accepto etiam auro,

ne Capitolium obsiderent, recesserunt ; sed secutus

eos Camillus ita cecidit, ut et aurum, quod his datumfuerat, et omnia, quse ceperant, militaria signa revo-

Caret. (a. U. 365.) ItaJiertio tnnmphnn ij^ iirl^pm in-

greSSUS est, et npppllntna cr-niiiulns "Rnnniliii;. q^uasj fit

ipsej)atn«[con3itpr.

EUTKOPrUS,

SECOND BOOK.

1. ^[ilitary Pribunes appointcd instead of Consuls. Camillus ccn-

quers the Volsci, iEqui, and Sutrini.— 2. Cincinnatus subducs the

Pranestini.— 3. Consulsagain appointed 4. Deatli of Camillus.

— 5. Titus Manlius. Rout of the Gauls, whohad made an Irrup-

tion into Italy. — 6. The Census taken. M. Valerius Corvus.

—

7. Succcssful Issueof the War against the Latins. — 8. Q. Fabius

INIaximus, Master of the Horse, in the Absence of the Dictator, L.

Papirius Cursor, engages with and conijui-rs the Samnites. — 9.

Defeat of the Romans at the Caudine Forks, by the Samnites, whoare subsequently vanquished. The War with them concluded after

Forty-nine Years' Continuance.— 10. Defeat of the Allied Forces

of the Gauls, Tuseans, and Samnites. — 11— 14. War with the

Tarentincs aided by Pyrrhus, King of Epirus, and other AUies. —16. Conquest of the Picentes ; 17. and of the Salleiitines 18

—

27. The Census taken. The first Punic War. — 28. Conquest of

Falisci.

I. Anno trecenteslmo sexagesimo qninto ab urbe

condita, post captam autem primo, dignitates mutatas

sunt, et pro duobus consulibus facti Tribuni Mili-TARES consulari potestate. (a. u. 365.) Hinc jamcoepit Romana res crescere. Nam Camillus eo annoVolscorum civitatem, quoe per septuaginta annos

bellum gesserat, vicit, et ^quorum urbem, et Sutri-

norum, atque omnes, deletis eorum exercitibus, occu-

pavit, et tres simul triumphos egit.

II. (a. u. 375.) Titus etiam Quinctius Cincinnatus

Pr^nestinos, qui usque ad urbis Romas portas cumbello venerant, persecutus, ad flumen Alliam vicit

;

octo civitates, quas sub ipsis agebant, Romanis ad-

junxit; ipsam Prsenestom aggressus, in deditionem

accepit;quas omnia ab eo gesta sunt viginti diebus,

triumphusque ipsi dccrctus.

BOOK II. 9

III. Verilm diixnitas Tnbunorum militarium noniliu persevcravit. Xam post aliquantum nuilog placuit

fiai*i (a. U. 379), ct quadriennium ita in nr])e iUixit,

uc potestatcs ihi majorcs non essent. (a. U. 385.)Resumserunt tamen Tribuni militares consulari potes-

tate iterum ilio;nitatem, et triennio perseveraverunt.

(a. u. 389.) Kursus consulcs fiicti.

IV. (a. u. 390.) L. Genucio et Q. Servilio con-

sulibus mortuus cst Camillus ; honor ei secundus

post Koraulum delatus est.

V. (a. u. 394.) T. Q,uinctiu3 dictator adversua.

,

GallQSj^.ciui,ad Italiam.vimeraiit, missus est. Hi ab

urbe quarto milllario trans Anicuem fluvium conse-

derant. -Ibi nobilissimus de senatoribus juvcnis T.

j\raiiliu3 provocantem Gallum, ad siugulare certamcn

progressus, occidit, ct sublato torque aurco, coUoquesuoimposito, iu perpetuum Torquati et sibi etpostei'i3

cognomen accepit. (a. U. 394.) GaUi_fiiS^H_sunt;mox per .C. Sulpitium dictatorem etiam victi. Nonmulto post a C. Marcio Tusci victi sunt ; octo millia

captivorum ex Ins in trluniplium ducti.

VI. (a. U. 404.) Ccnsus iterum liabitus est. Et'

cilm Latini, qui a Romanis subacti erant, militcs

prajstare nollent, ex Romanis tantum tirones lecti

sunt (a. u. 406), factceque legiones decem ; qui

modus sexaginta, vel ampllus, armatorum millia effl

ciebat. Parvis adhuc Komanis rebus, tanta tamen in

re militari virtus erat. Quce cum profectffi essent

adversus Gallos, ducc L. Furio,/quidara ex Gallis

unum ex liomanis, qui csset optfTnus, provocavit.

Tujn se M. Valerius tribunus militura obtulit, ct

cilm processisset armatus, -em ' v u& 'er-s^ra-tFgJgtreFfflr

brachium sedit. jNIox commissa twiversus Gallumpugnft, idem corvus alis et unguibus Galli oculos

verberavit, nc rectum posset adspiccre. Ita :i tribttno

Valerio interfectus, non solum victoriam ei, sed etiam

nomen dedit. Nam postea idem Corvus est dictus.

b5 ..

10 EUTROPIUS.

Ac proptcr hoc meritum annorum trluni et viglnti

consul ,e§t fiixitus.

VII. (a. u. 415.) Latlnij qul noluerant mllites

dare, hoc quoquc a Romauis exlgere coejjerunt, ut unusconsul ex eorum, alter ex liomanorum populo crea

retur. Quod cum esset negatum, bellum contra eos

susceptum est, et ingenti pugna superatl sunt ; ac dehis perdomltis trlumphatum est. (a. u. 417.) Statuse

consulibus ob raeritum vlctoriai In Rostris positce sunt.

Eo anno etlam Alexandrla ab Alexandro Macedonecondlta est.

VIII. Jam Romanl potentes esse coeperunt. Bellumenlm in centeslmo et trlceslmo fere milliarlo apudSamnltas gerebatur, qul medil sunt Inter Picenum,Campaniam et Apuliam. (a. u. 430.) L. Papirius

Cursor cum honore dictatoris ad id bellum profectus

€st. Qul cum Komam rediisset, Q. Fabio Maximo,magistro equltum, queni apud exercltum rellqult,

prtecepit, ne se absente pugnaret. Ille, occaslone re-

perta, fellclsslme dlmicavlt, et Samnltas delevit. Obquam rem a dictatore capltls damuatus, quod se

vetante pugnasset, ingentl favore militum et populi

liberatus est ; tanta Paplrio sedltlone commota, ut

prene ipse interficeretur.

IX. (a. u. 433.) Postea Samnltes Eomanos, T.

Veturlo et Sp. Postumio consulibus, apud Furculas

Caudinas angustlis locorum conclusos, ingenti dede-

core vicerunt, et sub jugum miserunt. Pax tamen a

senatu et populo soluta est, qute cum ipsls pi'opter

necessltatem facta fuerat. (A. U. 434.) Postea Sam-nites vlctl sunt a L. Paphio consule : septem milHa

eorum sub jugum miisa. Paplrius de Samnitibus

triumphavlt. Eo tempore Appius Claudlus censor

A :iuam Claudlam Inchixit, et vlam Appiam Btravit.

Samnltes, reparato bello, Q. Fablum MaximLmi vice-

runt, trlbus milHbus hominum occisls. Postea, cumpater «;I Fablus ^Maximus legatus datus fulsset, et

BOOK 11. 11

iSamnitas vicit, ct pluriraa corum oppida cepit. DeindeP. Cornclius Eufinus, IManius Curius Dentatus, anibo

CoiRulcs, contra Sanmitas missi, ingcntibus procliis

eos confccerc. Tum bcllum cum Samnitibuspcr annosnovem et quadraginta actum sustulerunt ; nequc ullus

hostis fuit intra Italiam, qui Romanam virtutem magisfatigavcrit.

X. (a. u. 469.) Interjectis aliquot annis, itcrura

ee Gallorum copia; contra Romanos Tusois Samniti-busque junxerunt; sed cum Romam tendcrent, ^

Cn. Cornclio Dolabella cousule delctaj sunt.

XI. (a. u. 471.) Eodem tempore Tarentinis, qui

jam in ultima Italia sunt, bellum indictum est, qui

legatis Romanorum injuriam fecisscnt. Hi Pyrrhum,Epiri regem, contra Romanos auxilium poposcerunt,

qui ex genere Achijlig origincm trahebat. Is,muxadItaliam venit, tumquc primiim Romani cum trans-

marino hostc dimicaverunt., jy^is.sus estjcontra eumconsul P._Valeriu3 LajvinuSj qui cum cxploratores

Pyrrhi cepissct, j^ussit^ cos per castra duci^ ostendi

omnem exercituni, tumquc dimrttlj ut renunciarent

Pyrrho, quajcunque a Pomanis agerentur. Commissamox pugna, cum jam Pyrrhus fugeret, clephantorumauxilio vicit, quos incognitos Romani expaverunt

;

sed nox proelio fincm dedit. La3vinus tanien pernoctem fugit. PxLclius liomanos mille oetingentos

cepit, eosque summo honurc tractavit ; occisos sepe-

hvit. Quos cum adverso vuhiere et truci vultu

"etram mortuos jaccre vidissct, tuHsse ad coelum manusdicitur, cum hac voce : se totius orbis dominum esse

potuisse, si tales sibi milites contigissent.

XII. (a. U. 473.) Postea Pyrrhus, junctis sibi

Samnitibus, Lucanis, Bruttiisque Romam perrexit,

omnia ferro ignique vastavit, Campaniani depoinilatus

est, atque ad Pra3ncstcm vcnit milliario ab urbe octavo

decimo. ^Mox terrore exercitus, qui cum consule

sequebatur, in Campaniam sc recepit. Legati, fA

12 EUTROPIUS.

Pyrrhum de rcdimendis captivis missi, ab eo hono

rifice suscepti sunt ; captivos sine loretio Romam misit.

Unum ex legatis Romanorum, Fabrlcium, siC ad-

miratus cst, ut, cCim eum pauperem esse cognovisset,

quavta parte regni promissa, solhcitare vohierit, ut

ad se transiret ; contemtusque a Fabricio est. Quare

cilm Pyrrhvis ingenti Romanorum admiratione tene-

retur, legatum misit, qui pacem jequis conditionibus

peteret, praccipuum virum, Cincam nomine, ita ut.

Pyrrhus partem Itahre, quam jam armis occupaverat,

obtineret.

XIII. Pax disphcuit, remandatumque Pyrrlao a

senatu est, eum cum Romanis, nisi ex Itaharecessisset,

pacem habere non posse. Tum Romani jusserunt

captivos omnes, quos Pyrrhus reddiderat, infames

haberi, quod armati capi potuissent, nec ante eos ad

veterem statum reverti, quam si binorum hostium

occisorum spoha retuhssent. Ita legatus Pyrrhi re-

versus est. A quo cum qurereret Pyrrhus, qiialem

Romam comperissef. ? Cineas dixit : r£gum se patriam

vidisse; scilicet tales iUic ferii omties, qualis unus Pyr-

rhus apud Epirum et reliquam Grceciam putaretur.

(a. u. 474.) Missi sunt contra Pyrrhum duces P.

Sulpicius et Decius Mus, consules. Certamine com-

misso Pyrrhus vulneratus est, elephanti interfecti,

viginti milha c^esa hostium, et ex Romanis tantum

quinque millia. Pyrrhus Tarentum fugatus.

XTV. (a. u. 475.) Interjecto anno, contra PyrrhumFabricius est missus, qui prius inter legatos solhcitari

non potuerat, quartaparte regni promissa. Tum, ctlm

vicina castra ipse et rex haberent, medicus Pyrrhi ad

eum nocte venit, promittens, se veneno Pyrrhum oc-

Cisurum, si sibi aliquid poUiceretur ;quem Fabricius

vmctum reduci jussit ad dominum, Pyrrhoque dici,

quae contra caput ejus medicus spospondisset. Tuncrex admiratus eum, dixisse fertur: ille est Sahricius,

qui difficilius ab honestate, quum sol a cursu^suo nverti

BOOK II. 13

potest. Tum rex ail Slciliain profectus cst ; Fabrlcius^

viotis Samnitlbus et Lucanis, triumphavlt. Consulcsclelnde, Curius Dentatus et Cornclius Lcntulus, ad-

versus Pyrrhum missisunt; Curlus contra i.um pugrnavit, cxcrcitum cj"- <"" -Mit, ipsum Tarc;.Luui iugavit,

castra cepl.t, K a hostlum viglnti tria milHa.

(a. u. 478.) Curius in consulatu trlumphavlt

;

primus Romam clcphantos quatuor duxit. Pjrrhusetlam a Tarcnto mox recessit, et apud Argos, GrasciaEJ

civitatera, occlsus est.

XV. (a. u. 480.) C. Fablo Liclno et C. Claudlo

Canina, consulibus, anno urbis condltaj quadriugen-

tesimo sexagesimo primo, lcgati Alexandrini, a Pto-

lemreo missi, Romam venere, et a Romanis amicitiam,

quam petierant, obtlnuerunt.

XVL (a. u. 484.) Qulnto Ogulnio, C. FabioPictore, consulibus, Picentes bellum commovere, ct

ab insequentlbus consulibus, P. Sempronio, AppioClaudio, yicti sunt ; et de his trlumphatum est. (a. u.'

485.) Condltaa a Komanis civitates, Ariminum in

Gallia, et Beneventum in Samnio.

XVIL (a.u. 486.) M. Atillo Regulo, L. Julio

Libone, consulibus, Sallentlnis in Apulia bellum

indlctum cst, captlque sunt cum civitate slmul Brun-disini, et de his triumphatum est.

XVIII. (a. u. 488.) Anno quadringenteslmo

eeptuagesimo septimo, cum jam clarum urbis Roma;nomen esset, arma tamen extra Itallam mota nonfuerant. Ut igltur cognosceretur, qua; copite Ro-manorum essent, ccnsus cst habitus; inventa sunt

civium capita bis centum et nonaginta duo millla, tre-

centa et triginta quatuor;quanquam a condita urbe

nunquam bella ccssassent. Et contra Afros bellum

susceptum est prlmum, Appio Claudlo, Q. Fulvio,

consulibus. In Sicilia contra eos pugnatum cst, ct

Appius Chiudlus de Afrls et regc SIciliaB lllerone

triumphavlt. (a. u. 489.)

14 EUTROPIUS.

XIX. (a. u. 490.) Inscqucnti anno, Valerio Marcoet Otacilio, consulibus, in Sicilia ii Romanis res

magna3 gesta3 sunt. Tauronienitani, Catanenses, et

prajterca quinquaginta civitatcs in fideni acceptse

sunt. Tertio anno in Sicilia contra Hieronem bellum

patratum est. Is cum omni nobilitate Syracusano-

rum paccm a Romanis impetravit, deditque argenti

talenta ducenta. (a. u. 490.) Afri in Sicilia victi

sunt, et de his secundo Ronife triumphatum est.

XX. (a. u. 493.) Quinto anno belli Punici, quodcontra Afros agebatur, primum Roniani, C. Duilio

et Cn. Cornelio Asina consulibus, in mari dimica-

verunt, paratis navibus rostratis, quas Liburnaa

^'ocant. Consul Cornelius fraude deceptus est.

Duilius, commisso proelio, Carthaginiensium duceni

vicit, triginta et unam naves cepit, quatuordecim

mersit, septem millia hostium cepit, tria miliia oc-

cidit. Xeque ulla victoria Eumaiii5^;2^tiorfuit*^iu6d.

invicti terra, jam etiam mari plurimum possent. (a. U.

494.) C. Aquillio Floro, L. Scipione, consulibus,

Scipio Corsicam et Sardiniam vastavit, multa miUia

inde captivorum abduxit, triumphum egit.

XXL (a. u. 497.) K^Man^JVulsone^^^Ilegulo, consulibus. benumnr^SrrtSiiriralisTatum est;

contra Hamilcarem, Carthagiensium ducem, in mari

pugnatum, victusque est. Kam perditis sexaginta

quatuor navibus, retro se recepit. Romani viginti

duas amiserunt. Sed cum in Africam transissent,

primam Clypeana, Africte civitatem, in deditionem

acceperunt. _^ Consules usque ad Carthaginem pro-

cesserunt^niultisque vastatis, Manlius victor RomamretfiTit7'e't viginti septem millia captivorum reduxit;

Atilius^Regulus in Africa remansit. Is contra Afros

aciem inati'uxit ; contra tres Carthaginiensiura duces

dimicans, victor fuit; octodecim millia hostium ce-

cidit, quinque millia cum octodecim elephantis ce-

pit ; septuaginta quatuor civitates in fidcm accepit.

BOOK II. 15

Tum victi Ciirthaglnicnses pacem a Komanis petic".

ruuf; quam cilm Regulus nollet, nisl durlssimis

conclltionibus, darc, Afri auxilium li Lacedicmoniispetierunt ; et duce Xanthippo, qui u Lacedajmoniismissus fuerat, Komanorum dux llegulus victus est

ultima pernicie. Xam duo millia tantura ex omniEomauo excrcitu refugerunt ; fiiiingenti cum im-])eratore Hegulo capti sunt ; triglnta millia occisa,

Bfiiftnln ir ipfa in 8 ftteano gciijwUiBJ

XXIL (a. u. 498.) :\I. ^Emilio Paullo, ServioFulvio Xobiliore consulibus, ambo Romani consules

ad Africam pi-ofecti sunt cum trecentarum naviumclasse ; primiim Afros navali certamine superant.

^mlllus consul centuni et quatuor naves hostlumdemersit ; triglnta cum pugnatorlbus ceplt

; quin-

decim millia hostium aut occidlt, aut ceplt ; mllitem

suum ingenti praeda ditavit. Et subacta Africa tumfuisset, nisi tanta fames fuisset, ut dlutius exspectare

exercitus xton posset. Consules, cum victrici classe

redeuntes, circa Siclliam naufragium passi sunt, et

tanta tempestas fuit, ut ex quadrlngentls sexaginta

quatuor navlbus octoginta servari vix potuerlnt. Ne-que ullo tempore tanta raarltlma tempestas audita

est. Romani tanicn statim duccntas naves repara-

verunt, neque in ahquo animus his infractus fuit.

XXIII. (A.U. 500.) Cn. Servilius Cajpio et C.

Sempronius Bla;sus, consules, cum ducentls sexaginta

uavibus ad Africam profccti sunt ; allquot civltates

ceperunt : prajdam ingcntera reducentes, naufragium

passi sunt. Itaque cum contlnuaj calamltates Eo-manis dlsplicerent, decrevit senatus, ut a maritimis

proelils recederetur, et tantiim sexaglnta naves ad

prffisldlum Itallae salvaj essent.

XXIV. (a.u. 502.) L. Cajcllio Metello, C. Furio

PacUo, consullbus, MeteUus in Sicllla Afrorum du-

cem, cum centura trlglnta ele}jhanlis et mngnis coplls

venientem, superavit, vlglntl mlHIa hostlura cecidit.

1(5 EUTROPIUS.

eex et viginti elephantos cei)it, reliquos errantes per

Numidas, quos in auxilium habcbat, collegit et Ro-mam deduxit ingenti pompa, cum centutn triginta

elephantorum numerus onmia itinera conipleret.

XXV. Post hajc mala Carthaginienses Regulura

ducem, quem ceperant, peticrunt, ut Romam profici-

sceretur, et paccm a Romanis obtinei'et, ac pcrmutatio-

nem captivorum faceret. Ille Romam cum venisset,

inductus in senatum, nihil quasi Romanus egit, dixit-

que, se cx illa die, qud in potestatem Afrorum venisset,

Romanum esse desiisse. Itaque et uxorem a com-plexu removit, et senatui suasit, ne pax cum Pcenis

fieret ; illos enim, fractos tot casibus, spem nullam

liabere : se tanti noii esse, ut tot millia captivorum

propter unum se, et senem, et paucos, qui ex Romaniscapti fuerant, redderentur. Itaque obtinuit. XamAfros, pacem petentes, nullus admisit ; ipse Car-

thaginem rediit, ofFerentibusque Romanis, ut eumRomaj tenerent, negavit, se in ea urbe mansurum, in

qua, postquam ^STrls servienit, dignitatem honesti

civis habere non posset. Pcgressus igitur ad Afri-

cam, omnibus suppliciis exstinctus est.

XXVI. (a. u. 504.) P. Claudio Pulchro, L. Ju-nio, consulibus, Claudius contra auspicia pugnavit,

el^ Carthaginiensibus jictua.^^ Mniii f-y flvippntis

et viginti navibus cum triginta fugit, nonaginta cumpugnatoribus capt^e sunt, demersje ceterae. . Alius

quoque consul classem naufragio amisit, exercitum

tamen salvum habuit, quia vicina litora erant.

XXVII. (a.u. 511.) C. Lutatio Catulo, A. Pos-

tumio Albino, consuhbus, anno belli Punici vigesimo

tertio, Catulo bellum contra Afros commissum est.

Profectus est cum trecentis navibus in Siciliam. Afri

contra ipsum quadringentas paraverunt. Nunquamin mari tantis copiis pugnatum est. Lutatius Catidus

navem ffiger adscendit ; vuhieratus enim in pugna su-

periore fuerat. Contra Lilybfeum, civitatem Sicilioe,

BOOK II. 17

pujj^atum est ingenti virtute Ilomanorum. NamEcptuaginta trcs Carthaginiensium naves captx sunf,

centum viginti quinque dcmersaj, trigiuta cluo niillia

hostium capta, trcdecim occisa : infinitum auri ar-

gentique pondus in potestatem Romanorum redac-

tum. Ex classe Romand duodecim naves demersa;.

Pugnatum est sexto Idus Martias. Statim Cartha-

ginienses pacem pctienint, tx'ibutaque est eis pax

;

captivi Romanorum, qui tenebantur a Carthaginien-

sibus, redditi sunt. Etiam Carthaginienses petie-

runt, ut redimi eos captivos liceret, quos ex Afris

Romani tenebant. Senatus jussit sine pretio dari eos,

qui in publica custodia essent. Qui autem a privatis

tenerentur, ut, pretio dominis reddito, Carthaginemredirent ; atque id pretium ex fisco magis, quam a

Carthaginiensibus, solveretur.

XXYIII. (a. u. 512.) Q. Lutatius, A. Manlius,

consules creati, bellum Faliscis intulerunt, qua; ci-

vitas Italia; opulenta quondam fuit;quod ambo con-

sules intra sex dies, quam venerant, transegerunt,

quindecim millibus hostium cjesis ; ceteris pace con-

cessa, agro tamen ex medietate fiublato.

18 EUTROPIUS.

THIRD BOOK.

1. Ptolemy, King of Egypt, declines the proifered Aid of the lio-

inans, in his War against Antiochus, King of Syria. Arrival of

Hiero, King of Sicily, to see the Roman Games. — 2. Successful

Issue of the Ligurian War. Embassy from Carthage suing for

Peace. — 3. Peace throughout the Roman World. — 4. Illyrian

War.— 5, 6. Slaughter of the Gauls, who had made an Irruption

into Italy. — 7,—22. The Istrian War. The Seeond Punic War,

carried on in various Quarters, with various Success. — 23. Is con-

cluded in Favour of the Romans, after ] 7 Years' Duration.

1. Finito igitur Punico bello, quocl per viginti cluos

annos tractum est, Romani jam clarissima gloria noti,

legatos acl Ptolemjeum, ^gypti regcm, miserunt,

auxilia promittentes, c^uia rex Syriaj Antiochus ei

bellum intulerat. Ille gratias Komanis egit, auxilia

non accepit ; jam enim fuerat pugna transacta. Eodemtempore potentissimus rex Siciliai Hiero Romam venit

acl ludos spectanclos, ct clucenta millia modiorum tri-

tici populo donum exhibuit.

II. (a. u. 516.) L. Cornelio Lentulo, Fulvio Flacco,

consuhbus, c^uibus Hiero Romam venerat, etiam

contra Ligures intra Italiam beUum gestum est, et dehis triumphatum. Carthaglnienses tum belhim repa-

rare tentabant, Sardinienses, c^ui ex conditione pacis

Eomanis parere debebant, ad rebellandum impellentes.

Venit tamen legatio Carthaginiensium Romam, et

pacem impetravit.

IIL (a.u. 518.) T. Manlio Torquato, C. Atilio

Bulbo, consulibus, de Sardis triumphatum est, et,

pace omnibus locis facta, Romani nullum bellumhabueruut; quod his post Romam conditam semeltantum, Numa Pompilio regnante, contigerat.

BOOK m. 19

;IV. (a. u. 524.) L. Postumius Albinus,Cu. Fulvius

Ccntumalus, consules, bcllum, contra Illyrios gcsse-

runt, ct, multis civitutibus cajttis, ctium regcs in de-

ditionom acceporunt. (a. u. 525.) Ac tum pvimumde Illyriis triumi)liatum cst.

V. (a. U. 528.) L. alilmilio consulo, ingentes Gal-lorum copiie Alpes transicruut. ScJ pro Romanis tota

Italia cousensit, traditumquc est a Fabio historico,

qui ci bello intcrfuit, octingcnta millia hominum parata

ad iJ bollum fuisse. Sed rcs per consulciu tantumprospere gcsta est ; quadraginta millia hostium in-

terfocta sunt, ct triumphus ^milio decretus.

YI. AHquot dciude annis post, contra Gallos intra

Italiam pugnatum est, finitumque est bellum M.Chxudio MarccUo, Cn. Coi'nclio Scipione, consulibus.

(a. u. 53 L) Tuuc Marccllus cum parva mauu equitumdimicavit, ct i'cgem Gallorum, Virdomarum nomiiie,

manu sua occidit. Postca cum collcga ingentes copias

Gallorum peremit, INIcdiolanum expugnavit, grandempraedam Romam pertulit ; ac triumphans MarceUusepolia Galli, stipiti imposita, humeris suis vexit.

VII. (a. u. 532.) M. Minucio Rufo, P. Cornelio,

consulibus, Istris bellum illatum est, quia latrocinati

navibus Romauorum fucrant, quaj frumcnta exhibe-

bant, perdomitique sunt omnes. (a. u. 535. ) Eodemanno bellum Punicum sccundum Pomanis illatuui est

per Hannibalcm, Carthagluleuslum ducem, qui Sa-guntum Ilispaniajcivitatem, llomanis amicam, oppug-nare aggrcssus estj annum agens vicesimum a^tatis,

copii? cougregatis centum quinquaginta millium. HuicRomani per legatos denunciaverunt, ut bello absti-

nerct. Is legatos admitterc noluit. Pomani etiam

Carthaginem mlscrunt, ut mandaretur Hannibali, nebellum contra socios populi Komani gcreret. Duraresponsa a Carthaginieusibus rcddita. Saguntini m-terea fame victi sunt ; captiquc ab Hannibolo ultunis

poenis afEcIuntur.

20 EUTROPIUS.

VIII. Tum P. Corncliiis Sclpio cum exercitu iu

Hispaniam profectus cst, Tiberius Sempronius in

Siciliam ; bellum Carthaginiensibus indictum est.

Hannibal, relicto In Hispania fratre Hasdrubale,

Pyrenaium translit ; Alpes, adhuc ea partc invias,

sibi patefecit. Traditur ad Italiam octoglnta millia

pedituui, et viginti millia equitum, septem et triginta

elephantos adduxisse. Intcrea multi Ligures et Galli

Hannibali se conjunxerunt. Sempronius Gracchus,

cosrnito ad Italiam Hannibalis adventu, ex Sicilid

exercitum Ariminuni trajecit.

jIX. P. Cornehus Scipio Hannibali primusoccurrit;

commisso proeho, fugatis suis, ipse vulneratus in

castra rediit. Sempronius Gracchus et ipse confligit

, apud Trebiam amnem. Is quoque vincitur. Han-\/

;nibali multi se in Italia dediderunt. (a.u. 536.) Inde

Iad Tusciam veniens Hannibal Flaminio consuli occur-

' rit ; ipsum Flaminium interemit. Romanorum viginti

quinque millia cresa sunt, ceteri difFugerunt. Missus

ftdversus Hannibalem postea a Romanis Q. Fabius

Maximus. Is eum, differendo pugnam, ab impetu

fregit ; mox inventa occasione vicit.

X. (a. u. 537.) Quingentcsimo et quadragesimo

anno a condita urbe, L. ^milius PauUus, P. Teren-

tius Varro, contra Hannibalem mittuntur, Fabioque

succedunt; qui Fabius ambos consules monuit, ut

Hannibalem, cahdum et impatientem ducem, nonaliter vincerent, quam proehum differendo. \ eriim

cum impatientia Varronis consuhs, contradicente con-

Bule altero, apud vicum, qui Cannaj appellatur, in

Apuha pugnatum esset, ambo consules ab Hannibale

iincuntur. In ca pugna tria milha Afrorum pcrcunt,

magna ])ars de exercitu Hannibahs sauciatur ; nuUo\tamen Punico bello Romani gravius accepti sunt.

\Pcriit enim in eo -3i^mihus PauUus consul, eonsulares

p«t prretorii viginti, senatores capti aut occisi triginta,

Ticbilc,-? viri trecenti, militum qnadraginta millia, equi-

yBOOK III. n

tuui trla miliia et quingcnti. In quibus uialis nemotamen Romanorum pacis mcntionem lial)crc dignatua

est. Servi, quod nunciuam antc, manumijisi ct milites

facti sunt

XI. Post eam pugnam multae Italioe civitates, quaj

Romanis paruerant, se ad Hannibalcm transtulerunt.

Hannibal Romanis obtulit, ut captivos rcdimcrent

,

responsumque est a senatu, eos cives non csse neccs-

sarios, qui, ciam armati essent, capi potuissent. Ille

omnes postca variis suppliclis intertecit, et trcs modiosaurcorum annulorum Cartliaginem misit, quos e ma-nibus cquituni Romanorum, scnatorum ct militumdetraxerat. Interca in Hispania, ubi frntcr Hanni-balis Ilasdrubal remanserat cum magno excrcitu, ut

eam totara Afris sublgcrct, a duobus Scipionibus,

Roraanis ducibus, vincltur, perditque in pugua triginta

quinque millia hominum. Ex his capiuntur decem.milHa; occiduntur viginti quinque. Mittuntur ei a

Carthaginiensibus ad reparandas vires duodecim mil-

lia peditum^ quatuor millia equitum, viginti ele-

phanti.

XII. (a. u. 539.) Anno quarto post, quara in Ita-

liam Hannibal venit, ISI. Claudius MarceUus consul,

apud Xolam, civitatem Campania3, contra Hanniba-lem bene pugnavit. Hannibal multas civitates Roma-norum per Apuliam, Calabriam et Bruttios occupavit;

quo tempore etiam rex Maccdonisi Phillppus ad eumlegatos misit, promittcns auxilia contra Romanos sub

hac conditione, ut, deletis Romanis, ipse quoque con-

tra Grajcos ab Hannibalc auxilia accipcret. Captis

igitur legatis Philippi et re cognita, Romani in Ma-cedoniam M. Valerium Lajvinum ire jusserunt ; in

Sardiniam T. Manlium Torquatum proconsulem.

Xam ctiam ea sollicitata ab Hannibale Romanos dc-

seruerat.

XI II. Ita uno tempore quatuor locis pugnabatur:

iii Italia contra Hannibalem ; in Hispaniis contra frar

22 EUTROPIUS.

trem ejus Hasdrubalem ; In jMaceJonia contra Philip-

pum ; in Sardinia contra Sardo3 et alterum Ilasdru-

balcm Carthaginiensem. Is a T. jNIanlio proconsule,

qui ad Sardiniam missus fuerat, vivus est captus,

occisa cum eo duodecim millia, capti mille quingenti,

ct a Romanis Sardinia subacta. Manlius victor cap-

tivos et Hasdrubalem Ilomam reportavit. Interea

etiam Philippus a Ltevino in Macedonia vincitur, et

in Hispania a Scipionibus Hasdrubal et Mago, tertius

frater Hannibalis.

XIY. (a. u. 542.) Declmo anno post, quam Han-nibal in Italiam venerat, P. Sulpicio, Cn. Fulvio, con-

sulibus, Hannibal usque ad quartum milliarium urbis

accessit; equites ejus usque ad portam. Mox con-

sulum metu, cum exercitu venientum, Hannibal ad

Campaniam se recepit. In Hispania a fratre ejus Jrlas-

drubale ambo Scipiones, qui per raultos annos victores

fuerant, interficiuntur ; cxercitus tamen integer man-

sit; casu enim magis erant, quam virtute, decepti.

(a. u. 542.) Quo tempore etiam a consule Marcello

Sicilias magna pars capta est, quam tenere Afri coepe-

rant, et nobilissimaj urbis Syracusanfe pr?sda ingena

Romam perlata est. Lasvinus in Macedonia cumPhilippo, et multis Gra?cia3 populls,- et regc Asiaa

Attalo amicitiam fecit, et ad Siciliam profectus, Han-nonem quendam, Afrorum ducem, apud Agrigentum

civitatem, cum ipso oppido cepit, eumqucRomamcum captivis nobilibus misit

;quadraginta civitates in

deditionem accepit, viginti sex expugnavit. Ita, omni

Sicilia receptti, Macedonia fracta, cum ingenti gloria

Romam regressus est. (a, U. 542.) Hannibal in Itali^

Cn. Fulvium consulem subito aggressus, cum octo

millibus hominum interfecit.

XV. Interea ad Hispanias, ubi, occisis duobus

Scipionibus, nullus Romanus dux erat, (a. U. 541)

P. Cornelius Scipio mittitur, fihus P. Scipionis, qui

ibidem berium gesserat, annos natus quatuor et

BOOK III. 23

viginti ; vir Romanorum omnium et sua jetate, et

posteriori tempore, fere primus. (a. U. 5-12.) Is Car-thaginem Hispaniaj capit ; in qua omnc aurum, et

argentum, et belli apparatuni Afri habebont; nobi-lissimos quoque obsidcs, quos ab Ilispanis acceperant

;

Magonem etiam, fratrcm Hannibalisj ibidera capit,

quem Romam cum aliis mittit. Roma; iugeus laetitia

poat hiinc nuntium fu it. Scipio rlTspanbrum olbsides

parentibus recklidiC" Quare omncs fcre Hispaniaj adeum uno animo transierunt. Post qua? Ilasdrubalem,

Hannibalis fratrem, victum fugat, et praedam maxi-mam capit.

XVI. (a. u. 544.) Interea in Italia consul Q.Fabius Maximus Tarentum cepit, in qua ingenteg

copiaj Hannibalis erant. Ibi etiam ducem Hannibalia

Carthalonem occidit, viginti quinque millia capti-

vorum vendidit, praidam militibus dispertivit, pecu-niam hominum venditorum ad fiscum retulit. Tummultaj civitatcs Romanorum, quae ad Hannibalemtransierant, rursus se Fabio Maximo dediderunt.

Insequenti anno Scipio in Hispania egregias res egit,

et per se, et per fratrem suum L. Scipionem, sep-

tuaginta civitates recepit. In Italia tamen malepugnatum est. Nam Claudius ]\Iarcellus consul abHannibale occisus est.

XVII. Tertio anno post, quam Scipio ad His-

paniam profectus est, rursus res inclytas gerit, regemHispaniarum, magno prcelio victum, in amicitiam ac-

cepit, et primus omnium a victo obsides non poposcit.

XVIII. Desperans Hannibal, Hispanias contra

Scipionem ducem diutius posse retineri, fratrera

8uum Hasdrubalem in Italiam cum omnibus copiis

evocavit. Is veniens codem itinere, quo etiam Han-nibal venerat (a. u. 546), a consulibus, Appio Claudio

Nerone et M. Livio Salinatore, apud jNIetaurum

fluvium et Senam, Piceni civitatem, in insidias com-j

poaitas incidit ; strenue tamen piignan.s, occisus est

24 EUTROriUS.

' ingentes ejus copire capttc, aut intcrfectte sunt ; mag-nuiu pondus auri atque argenti Komani relatum.

Posthrec Plannibal difficlcre de belli coepit eventu.

Komanis ingens animus acccssit. Itaque et ipsi

evocavcrunt cx Hispania P. Cornelium ScipionemIs Romam cum ingenti gloria venit.

XIX. (a. u. 547.) Q. Ca3cilio, L. Valerio consulibus, onuics civitates, qure in Bruttiis ab Han-nibale tenebantur, Romanis se tradiderunt.

XX. Anno decimo quarto post, quam in Italiam

Hannibal vcnerat, §,cipio, qui multa in Hispania

benC egerat, consul est factus (a. u, 548), et in

Africam missus (a. u. 549). Cui viro divinumquiddam inesse existimabatur ; adeo, ut putaretur

etiam cum numinibus habere sermoncm, Is in Africa

contra Hannonem, ducem Afrorum, pugnat, exerci-

tum ejus interficit. Secundo proelio castra capit

cum quatuor milHbus et quingentis militibus, un-

decim millibus occisis. Syphacem, Numidiaj regem,

qui se Afris conjunxerat, capit, et castra ejus invadit.

Syphax, cum nobilissimis Numidis et infinitis spoliis,

Romam ab Scipione mittitui'. Qua re audita, oiunia.

fere Italia Hannibalem deserlt. Ipse u Cartha-

giniensibus redire in Africam jubetur, quam Sci^jio

vastabat.

XXI. (a. u. 551.) Ita anno septimo decimo abHannibale Italla liberata est. Legati Carthaginien-

sium pacem a Sclplone petiverunt ; ab eo ad senatumRomam missi sunt

;quadraginta et quinque diebus

induciai data? sunt, quousque Romam ire et regredi

: possent ; et triginta millia pondo argenti ab his ac-

I cepta sunt. Senatus ex arbltrio Scipionls paceml jussit cum Carthaginiensibus fieri. Sclplo his con-

\ ditionibus dedit, ne amjjlius, quam triginta jiaves,

\ haberent, ut quingenta millia pondo argeiiti darent

;

I captivos et perfugas reddercnt.

IXXII. Interim, Hannlbale veniente ad Africam,

BOOK IIL 26

pax turbata est, multa hostilia at Afrls facta sunt

;

Icgati tamen eorum cx in-hc venicntc?, a Komaniscapti sunt, ct jubentc Scipione dimissi. Ilannibalquoque, frequentibus procliis victus li Scipione, petitetiam ipse pacem. Cum ventum essct ad coUoquium,iisdem conditionibus data est, quibus priixs ; additaquingentis millibus pondo argenti centum millia li-

brarum, propter novam perfidiam. Carthaglniensibuscondltloncs displicuerunt, jusseruntquc llannibalcmpugnare. Infertur a Sclplone et Maslnlssa, allo regeNumidarum, qui amicltlam cum Scipione fecerat,

Cartha^ini bellum. Hannibal tres cxploratorcs adScipionis castra misit, quos captos Scipio cii-cumduciper castra jusslt, ostcndlquc cis totum exercitum

;

mox etiam prandium darl, diraittique, ut renunciarentHannlball, quce apud Komanos vldissent.

XXIII. Intcrea proellum ab utroque duce in-

structum est, quale vix uUa memoria fuit, cum peri-tisslmi vlri coplas suas ad bellum cduccrcnt. Scipiovictor recedlt, pasne ipso Ilannlbalc capto, qiii prl-

nium cuni^ihultis equitibus, deinde cum vigiuti,

po"slrem6 cum quatuor evaslt. Inventa lu castris

dannibalis argenti pondo viglnti mlllla, auri octo-ginta, cetera supellectili copiosa. Post id certainen \/pax_cum Carthaglnjensibus facta es t. (a. u. 552.)Scipio Romam redTIt7~ingenti glorla triumphavit,atquer AfricanasTx^eo appcllari coeptus est. Flnemacceplt secundum Punicum belluin, post annumseptimum decimum, quan^ cceperat.

\

26 EUTEOPIUS.

FOURTH BOOK.

l 2. Macedoniati War. —3, 4. Syrian War. —5. Tiiumph of Ful-

vius over the iEtolians. Death of Hannibal. — 6—8. Second

Macedonian War. The lllyrian War. — 9. Success of Mummius

and Marcellus in Spain. — 10—12. Third Punic War, and De-

struction of Carthage 13. Third Macedonian War.— 14. Corin-

thian War, and Dcstruction of Corlnth. — 15. Fourth Jlacedonian

\Var. 16. Success in Spain against Viriathus. — 17. Numantine

War concluded by Scipio. — 18. Attalus appoints the Roman

people his heirs. — 19. Triumph of Brutus over the CallfBci and

Lusitani : of Scipio Africanss over the Numantines. — 20. War in

Asia against Aristonicus urisuccessfully condu-cted by Crassu^ ;

concluded by Perperna. _ 21. Carthage restored, and made a

Roman Colony. — 22. War with the Transalpine Gauls ;their

General Bituitus conquered. — 23. Colony at Narbo. — 24. Dis-

trraceful War in Thrace. — 2j. Triumph over the Sardiaians and

Thracians.— 26, 27. Jugv.rthine War.

I. (a. u. 552.) Transacto Pumco bello, secutum est

Macedonicum contra Philippum re^em.

II. Quingentesimo et quinqixagesimo primo anno

ab urbe condita (a. u. 555) T. Quinctius Flamininus

adversus Philippum rem prospere gessit ;pax ei

data est his legibus, nc Gracice civitatihis, quas

Romani conlra eic?n defenderant, helhim inferret : ut

captivos et transfugas redderet : qninquaginta solum

naves haheret, reliquas Romanis daret : per annos

decem quaterna millia pondo argenti prcestaret,^ et oh-

sidem daret filium suum Demetrium. JT. Quinctius

etiam Lacedffimoniis intulit. beUum ; duceni eofuln

Nabidem vicit, et, quibus vokut conditionibus, in

fidem accepit. Ingenti gloria duxit ante currum

nobilissimos obsides, Demetrium, Philippi filium, et

Armenem Nabidis.

BOOK IV. 27

III. Tmnsacto bello iMaccclonico sccntum cst St-RIACUM contm Antiochuni rcgcm, T. Cornello Scl-pione, M'. Acilio Glabrione, consulibus. (\. u 56o

)Hmc Antiocho Hannibal se junxerat; Carthaginem,paTriam suam, metu, ne Eonianis tracleretur, rclin-quens. M'. Acilius Glabrio in Achnia bcne pu^na-vit; castra rcgis Antioclii nocturna pun-nd cantasunt, ipse fugatus. Philippo, quia contm Antio-chum Komanis auxilio fuisset, filius Demetrius red-ditus est.

IV. (a. u. 563.) L. Cornelio Scipione, C. Lailio,consulibus, Scipio Africanus fratri suo L. Corneliobcipiom consuli legatus contra Antioclunn profcctusest. Hannibal, qui cum Antioclio erat, navali procliov^:tll5._est. Tpse posteu Autiochus circa Sii)ybmi adMagnesiam, Asia^ civitatem, h consule Cornclio Scipione ingenti proelio fusus est. Auxilio fuit Romanism ea pugna Eumenes, Attali rcgis frater, qui Eumc-mani m -Phrygia condidit. Quinquaginta miUiapeditum, tria equitum, eo certaminc cx parte rco-i^occisa sunt Jum rex Antioxlius.^paiceiii nctiil

;

iisdem conditiombus data est u senatu, quamquAmvicto, quibus ante offerebatur: ut ex Europa et A<\cLrecederet, atque intra Taurum se contineret : dcccmmilha talentorum et viginti obsides prjeberet : Plan-mbalem, concitorem belli, dcderct. Eumeni rc^idonatae sunt omnes Asia3 civitates, quas AntiochJsbello perdiderat: et Rhodiis, qui auxihum Pomaniscontra regem Antiochum tulerant, multn^ urbes con-cessa; sunt. Scipio Romam rediit, ingenti frloriatnumphavit

;nomen et ipsc, nd imitationcm Satris

Asiagenis (Asiatici) accepit, quia Asiam vicerat

:

sicut trater ipsms propter Africam domitam Africa-nus appellabatur.

V.< A.u. 567.) Spurio P-.stumio Albino, Q. ^NIarcio

ir^hihppo, consuhbus, :\L Fulvius dc iExoLis tri-umpha^nt. HannibaL- qui yirto Anfiocho, ne llo-

c 2

28 EUTROPIQS.

manis traderetur, ad rruslam, Bithynue reg/aii^-

fugcrat, rcpetitus ctiam_ab co cst pcr T. ^Quinc-

tium Flaminiuum ; ct cuui tradeudus^Romania

essct, vcucnuni bibit, et apud Libyssam, in finibus

Nicuuiedicuiiuui, scpultus cst.

VI. Philippo rege Macedoniaj mortuo, qui et ad-

versum Romauos bcnum gcsscrat, et postea Romania

contra Autiochum auxilium tulcrat, fiUus ejus Per-

SEUS in Maccdonia rebellavit, ingentibus copiis ad

beUum paratis. Nam adjutores luibebat Cotyn,

Thracia) regem, et IUyrici, Gentium nomine. Eo-

manis autem in auxihum erant Eumenes, Asise rex,

Ariarathes Cappadocite, Antiochus Syriss, Ptolemaeua

iEgypti, Masinissa iNumidla;. Prusias autem Bi-

thjmire, quamquam sororem Persei uxorcm haberet,

utrisque se cequum prtebuit. (a. u. 582.) Dux Ro-

manorum P. Licinius cousul contra eura missus est,

et a rege gravi proelio victus. Xeque tamen Ro-

mani, quamquam superati, regi petenti pacem prgss-

tare voluerunt, nisi his conditiouibus : ut se et suos

senatui et jjopulo Rojnano dedcret. (A. U. 585.) Moxmissus coutra eum L. iEmilius PauUus consul, et in

lUyricum C. Anicius pn\itur contra Gentium. Sed

Gentius, facile uno procho victus, mox se dedidit.

Mater ejus, et uxor, et duo filii, frater quoque simul

in potestatera Romanorum venerunt. Ita bello^ in-

tra triginta dies perfecto, aute cognitum est Gentium

rictum, quam coeptum belhun nuntiarctur.

VII. Cura Perseo autem yEmiUus PauUus consul

tertio Nonas Septembris dimicavit, vicitque eura,

viginti raUUbus peditum ejus occisis. Equitatus

cum reo-e fugit integer ; Romanorum centum milites

amissi sunt ; urbes^Macedoniae omnes, quas^ rex te-

nuerat, Romanis se dediderunt. Ipse rex, cum dese-

reretur ab amicis, venit in PauiU potestatem. Sed

honorem ei iEmiUus, non quasi victo, habuit.^Nam

et volentem ad pedes slbi cadcrc, uou permisit, et

BOOK IV. 29

fuxta sc in sclhi collocavlt. Maccdonibus ct Illyriis

hae lcgcs u Romanis datic : nt Ubcri cssent, et dimi-

diiim coriim tribntonim jirastarent, quce rccjihm

prcBstitisscnt ; ut apparcrct, j)opulum Romanum pro

cequitate magis, quam avaritia, (liuiicarc. Atque in

convcntu infinitorum populorum Paullus Iutjc pronun-

tiavit ; ct lcgationcs niultavum ircntium, quaj ad eumvencrant, niagnificentissime cunvivio pavit, diccns:

ejusdcm liominis cssc dehcrc, et bello vincere, ct convivii

appnratu clegantem esse.

VIII. Mox septuaginta civitatcs Epiri, quae rebel

larant, ccpit;pricdam militibus distribuit ; Roman,

cum ingenti pompa rcdiit in nave Pcrsci, quic in-

usitata^ magnitudinis fuisse traditur, adco ut sexdecini

ordincs dicatur habuisse rcmorum. (a. U. 5S6.)

Triumphavit autcm magnificentissime in curru aureo,

cum duobus filiis, utroquo latere adstantibus. Ducti

sunt antc currum duo rcgis filii, ct ipse Perscus,

quadraginta quinque annos natus. (a. u. 586.) Post

eum ctiam C. Anicius de Illyriis triumphavit. Gen-tius cum fratrc et filiis ante currum ductus est. Adhoc spcctaculum multarum gentium reges Romamvenerunt ; inter alios etiam venit Aitalus atque

Eumencs, Asiae regcs ; atque Prusias Bitliynije.

Magno honore accepti sunt, et, permittente senatu,

dona, quaj attulcrant, in Capitolio posuerunt. Prusias

etiam filium suum Nicomcdcm senatui commendavit.

IX. Insequenti anno L. Mummius in Hispania

bene pugnavit. Marccllus postea consul res ibidem

prospere gessit.

X. Tertium deindc bi:llum contea Caetjlia-

GIXEM susclpitur, sexccntcsimo et altcvo anno ab

urbe condita (a. u. 604); L. Manlio Ccnsorino ct M'.

Manho, consulibus, anno quinquagesimo prinio post,

qucim secundum Punicum benum transactum erat,

Hi profecti Carthaginem oppugnavcvunt. Contra eos

Hasdrubal, dux Carthaginiensium, cTImicabat. Pha-c 8

30 EUTROPIUS.

mea, dux alius, equitatui prajcrat Carthagiiiiensium.

Scipio tunc, Scipionis Africani nepos, tribunus ibi

militabat. Hujus apud omnes ingens metus et re-

verentia erat. Nam et paratissimus ad dimicandum

et cousultissimus liabebatur. Itaque per eum multa

prospere a consulibus gesta sunt. Nec quidquammagis vel Hasdrubal, vel Phamea vitabant, quamcontra eam Romanorum partem committere, ubi

Scipio dimicabat.

XI. (a. u. 605.) Per idem tempus INIasimsia, rex

Numidarum, per annos sexaginta fere amicus populi

Romaui, anno vitae nonagesimo septimo mortuus,

quadraginta quatuor filiis relictis, Scipionem divisO'

rem regni inter filios esse jussit.

XII. Cum igitur clarum Scipionis nomen esset,

juvenis adhuc consul est factus (a. u. 606), et

contra Carthaginem U:i^-:us (a. u. 607). Is eam -^

cepit ac diruit. Spolia ibi inventa, quse variarum

civitatum excidiis Carthago coUegerat ; et ornamenta

urbium civitatibus Sicilias, Italife, A.frica3 reddidit,

qu£e sua recognoscebaut. Ita Carthago septingen-

tesimo anno, quam condita erat, deleta^est. Scipio

nomen, quod avus ejus accepenit, meruit ; scilicet,

ut propter virtutem etiam ipse Africanus junior

vocaretur.

XIII. Interim in Macedonia quidam Pseudo-Philippus arma movit, et Romanum prtetorem, P.

Juventium, contra se missum, ad internecionem vicit.

Post eum Q. Caecilius Metellus dux a Komanis con-

tra Pseudo-Philippum missus est, et viginti quinquemiUibus ex militibus ejus occisis, Macedoniam rece-

pit; ipsum etiam Pseudo-Pliilippum in potestatem

Buam redegit.

XIV. CoRiNTHiiS quoque bellum indictumest, no-

bilissimte Graicise civitati, propter injuriam legatorum

Romanorum. Hanc Mummius consul cepit ac diruit.

(a, u. 607.) Trea igitur Romae simul celeberrimi

BOOK IV. oi

triumphi fuerunt : Af nciini, ex Africii • ante cujua

currum ductus cst Hasdrubal ; Metelli, ex Macedoniu

;

cujus currum prccccssit Andriscus, qui ct Pseudo-Philippus : ^lummii, ex Corintho ; aute quem signa

icnea, et pict;\i tabulic, et alia urbis clarissinue orna-

menta prailata sunt.

XV. (a. u. Gll.) Iterum in Macedouiil Pseudo-Perseus, qui se Pei-sei filium csse dicebat, collectis

servitiis, rebcllavit ; et, cum sexdecim armatorummillia haberct, a. Tremellio quaestore superatus est.

XVI. (a. U. 611.) Eodem tempore Metellus in

Cfcltiberia apud Hispanos res cgregias gessit. Suc-

cessit ci Q. Pompeius. (a. u. 612.) Nec multo post

Q. quoque Coepio ad idem bellum missus est;quod

quidam ViRiAxnus contra Romanos in Lusitaniu

gcrebat. Quo mctu Viriathus a suis interfcctus est,

cum quatuordecim annis Hispanias adversum liomanos

movissct. Pastor primo fuit , raox latronum dux;

postrcmo, tantos ad bellum populos concitavit, ut

assertor contra Romanos Hispanias putaretur. Etciim intcrfectorcs ejus prsemium a Caepione consule

petcrcnt, responsum cst, Nanquam Romanis placuissey

imperatorem a suis milltlbus interjici.

XVII. (a u. 612.) Q. Pompeius deiude consul a

NuMANTiNiS, quaj Hispaniaj civitas fuit opulcntis-

sima, supcratus, paccm ignobilem fecit. (a. u. 616.)

Post eum C. IlostiUus Mancinus consul iterum cun2

Numantinis pacem fecit infiimem; quam populus et

senatus jussit infringi, atque ipsum Mancinum hosti-

bus tradi, ut in illo, quein auctorem foederis habe-

bant, injuriam soluti focderis vindicarent. Post tantam

igitur ignominiam, qua a Numantinis bis liomani

exercitus fuerant subjugati, P. Scipio Africanus,

secundo consul fiictus (a. u. 619), ad Nuniantiara

raissus est. Is primum militera vitiosum ot ignavum,

exerccndo magis, qutlm punicndo, sine aliquii acer-

bitate correxit. Tum nuiltas Hispaniie civitates

c 4

,32 EUTHOriUS.

partim bello cepit, partim in deditionera accepit.

Postrcuio ipsam Numantiam, diu obsessam, fame con-

fecit, ct a solo evertit ; relicpiam provinoiara in fidem

accepit.

XVIII. Eo tempore Attalus rcx Asiaj, frater

Euraenis, mortuus est, ha^rederaque populura Eoma-nura reliquit. Ita iraperio K.omano per testamentumAsia accessit.

XIX. (a. u. 621.) Mox etiam Decimus Junius

Brutus dc Calliecis et Lusitanis triumphavit magnagloria : et P. Scipio Africanus de Nuraantinis se-

cundum triumphura egit decirao quarto anno post,

quam prioTcm de Africa egerat.

XX. Motura interim in Asia beHura est ab Aris-TONico, Eumenis filio, qui ex concubina susceptus

fuerat. Is Euraenes frater Attali fuerat. (a. u. 622.)

Adversus eura missus Pont. P. Licinius Crassus,

infinita regum habuit auxilia. Xara et Bithyniie rex

Nicomedes Bomauos juvit, et Mithridates Ponticus,

cum quo bellum postea gravissimum fuit, et Aria-

rathes Cappadox, et Pylajmenes Paphlagon. Victus

est tamea Crassus in prcelio et interfectus ; caput

ejus Aristonico oblatum est, corpus Smyrnai se-

pultum. (a. u. 623.) Postea Perperna, consul Ro-manus, qui successor Crasso veniebat, audita belli

fortuna, ad Asiam celeravit, et acie victum Aristoni-

cum apud Stratonicen civitatem, quo fugerat, -fame

ad deditionera compulit. Aristonicus jussu senatus

Romge in carcere strangulatus est ; triumphari enimde eo non poterat, quia Perperna apud Pergamum,Roraam rediens, diem obierat.

XXI. (a. u. 630.) L. Ciecilio Metello et T.

Quinctio Flarainino, consulibus, Carthago in Africa

jussu senatus reparata est, quaj nunc manet-; annia

duobus et viginti post, quara a Scipione fuerat eversa.

Deducti eo sunt cives Komani.XXII. (a. u. 629.) Anno sexcentesimo vicesimo

BOOK IV. 33

Bcptimo ab urbc condita, C. Cassius Longinus ct Scx.

Doniitius Calvinus, consules, Gallis Thansal-Pixis bclhuu intulcrunt, ct Arvcrnorum tunc no-

bilissima; civitati, atquc corum duci liituito, infini-

tamque multitudincm juxta llhodanum fluvium

intcrfoccrimt. Praida cx torquibus Gallurum in£>;cns

Romam ])crlata cst. Bltuitus se Domitio dcdidit,

atquc ab co llomam dcductus cst (a. u. 633), magDaquc gloria consulcs ambo triumphaverunt.

XXIII. (a. U. 635.) M. Porcio Catonc ct Q.Marcio Kcgc, consuHbus, sexcentcsimo trigcsimr.

tertio anno ab urbe condita, Narbona in GaUiacolonia deducta cst. (a. u. 636.) Postca L. Metello

et Q. jSIucio Scaevola, consuhbus, de Dalmatia trium-

phatum cst.

XXIV. (a. u. 639.) Ab urbe condita anno sex-

centesimo trigesimo quinto C. Cato consul Scox^discia

intulit belhim, ignominioseque pugnavit.

XXV. -(a. u.^640.) C. CjcciHo Metello et Cn. Car^

bone, consulibus, duo iSIetelli fratrcs eodem die, alte-

rum ex Sardinia, aUerum ex Thracia triumphumegerunt ; nuntiatumque Romte est Cimbros e Gallia

in Itaham transisse.

XXVL (a. u. 642.) P. Scipione Nasica ct L.

Calpurnio Bcstia, consuhbus, JuGURTliiE, Numidarurarcgi, belhmi illatum est, quod Adherljalcm et Hicmp-salcm ^licipsai fihos, fratrcs suos, reges, et popuURomani amicos. intercmisset. Missua advcrsus cumconsul Calpurnius Bestia, corruptus rcgis pecunia,

pacem cum co fiagitiosissimam fecit, quaja scnatu im-

probata est. (a. u. 643.) Posteii contra cundcm, in-

eequenti anno, Spurius Postumius Albinus profcctus

est. Is quoque pcr fratrem ignominiose coutra

Nurnidas pugnavit.

XXVII. (a. u. 644.) Tertio missus Q. Ciccihus

Metellus consul, cxercitum ingcnti scveritatc et mode-ratione correctum, cum nihil in qucnquam crucntum

34 EUTROPIUS.

faceret, ad discliDlinain Romanain rcduxit. Jugurthamvariis proeliis vicit, elepliantos ejus occidit, vel cepit,

multas civitates ipsius in dcditionem accepit. Etcum jam bello finem positurus essct, successum est ei

a C. Mario. Is Jugurtliam et Bocchum, Mauritaniaj

regem, qui auxilium Jugurthre ferre coeperat, pariter

superavit. Aliquanta et ipse oppida Numidia? cepit,

belloque termiuum posuit, capto Jugurtha per quaes-

torem suum Cornelium Sullam, ingcntem virum,

tradente Boccho Jugurtham, qui pro eo ante pugna-verat. (a. u. 644.) A ISIarco Junio Silano, collega

Q. MeteUi, Cimbri in Gallia ; ct a Minucio Rufo in

Macedonia Scordisci et Triballi;

(a. U. 644) et a

Servilio Ctepione in Hispania Lusitani victi sunt

;

(a. u. 646) et duo triumphi de Jugurtha, primus

per MeteUum, secundus per INIarium acti sunt. Antecurrum tamen Marii Jugurtha cum duobus fiUis

ductus est catenatus, et mox jussu consuUs in carcere

stranffulatus.

FIFTH BOOK.

1, 2. Cimbrian War, and its successful Issue. — 3. The Social 'War.

— 4. First Civil or Marian War 5—9. 3Iithridatic and Thra-

clan Wars. Continuation and End of Marian War.

I. Dum beUum in Numidia contra Jugurtham geritur,

Romani consules M. ISIanUus et Q. Crepio a Cimbriset Teutonibus, et Tigurinis, et Ambronibus, quse

erant Germanorum et GaUorum gentes, victi suntjuxta flumen Bhodanum ; et ingenti internecione

attriti, etiam casti'a sua et magnam partem exercitus

perdiderunt. Timor Romae grandis fuit, quantus vix

BOOK V. 36

Hannibalis, tempore Punici bclli, nc iteruni Galli

Roniam vcnircnt. Ergo Marius post victoriam Jugurthinam sccundo consul cst factus, bellumque ei

contra Cimbros et Teutonas (lecrctum est. Tertio

quoquc ci et quarto dclatus cst consulatus : quia

bcUum Cimbricum protrnhcbatur. Scd in quarto

oonsulatu coUcgam habuit Q. Lutatium Catulum.Cum Cimbris itaque conflixit, et duobus procliis

ducenta millia hostium cocidit, octoginta milha ccpit,

et ducem eorumTeutobodum; propter quod meritumabsens quinto consul cst factus.

II. Interea Cimbri et Teutoncs, quorum copia

adhuc infinita crat, ad Italiam transiemnt. Iteruma C. Mario et Q. Catulo contra eos dimicatum est;

sed a Catuli parte fehcius. Xam praiio, quod simul

ambo gesserunt, centum quadraginta millia, aut in

pugna, aut in fuga, ca?sa sunt ; sexaginta millia capta.

Romani milites ex utroque exercitu trecenti perie-

runt. Trin et triginta Cimbris signa sublata sunt.

Ex his cxcrcitus Marii duo reportavit, Catuli exer-

citus triginta et unum. Is belli finis fuit ; triumphua

utrique decretus est.

III. ( A. u. 6G2.) Sex. Julio Cajsarc et L. jNIarcio

Philippo, consuhbus, sexcentesimo quinquagesimo

nono anno ab urbe condita, cum prope aha omnia

bella cessarent, in Itaha gravissimum benuni Picentes,

Marsi, Pehgniquc moverunt;

qui, cum annis nume-rosis jam populo Pomano obcdircnt, tum hbertatem

sibi ajquam asserere cccpcrunt. Perniciosum admo-

dum hoc bellum fuit. (a. U. 663.) P. Rutihus con-

sul in eo occisus est, Caipio, nobihs juvenis, et Por-

cius Cato, ahus consuh (a. U. 664.) Duces autem

adversus Romanos Picentibus et Marsis fuerunt T.

Vcttius, Hicrius Asinius, T. Hcronnius, A. Cluen-

tius. A Romanis bene contra cos pugnatum est

a C. !Mario, qui sexies consul fuerat, ct a Cn.

Pompcio, maxime tamen a L. Corneho Sulla, qui

c 6

36 EUTROPIUS.

inter alia egregla ita Cluentlum, hostium ducem, cummagnis copiis fudit, ut ex suis unum araitteret.

Quadriennio, cum gravi tamen calamitate, lioc bellum

tractum cst. Quinto demum anno finem accepit per

L. Cornelium Sullam consulem, cum antea in eodembello ipse multa strenue, sed prastor, egisset.

IV. (a. u. 665.) Anno urbis condita; sexcentesimo

sexagesimo secundo primum Komaj Bellum CiviLEcommotum est : eodem anno etiam Mitlmdaticum.

Causam bello civili C. Marius sexics consul dedit,

Nam cum Sulla consul contra jMithridatem gesturus

bellum, qui Asiam et Achaiam occupaverat, mitte-

retur, isque exercitum in Campania ]")aullisper tene-

ret, ut belli Socialis, (de quo diximus,) quod intra

ItaHam gestum fuerat, reliquije tollerentur; jSIarius

affectavit, ut ipse ad bellum Mithridaticura mitteretur.

Qua re Sulla coramotus cum exercitu ad urbem venit.

lllic contra Marium et Sulpicium dimicavit. Primusurbem Romam arraatus ingressus est, Sulpicium in-

terfecit, ISIarium fugavit, atque ita consulibus ordina-

tis in futurum annum (a. u. 666), Cn. Octavio et

L. Cornelio Cinna, ad Asiam profectus cst.

V. Mithridates enira, qui Ponti rex erat, atque

Arraeniara rainorera et totura Ponticura raare in cu'-

cuitu cura Bosjjoro tenebat, primo Nicomedera, arai-

cura populi Romani, Bithynia voluit expellere,

senatuique mandavit, beUum se ei propter injurias,

quas passus fuerat, illaturum. A senatu responsumest jSIithridati, si id faceret, quod bellura a Romaniset ipse pateretur. Quare iratus CapjDadociam statim

occupavit, et ex ea Ariobarzanem, regem et amicumpopuli Roraani, fugavit. Mox etiam Bithyniam in-

vasit et Paphlagoniam, pulsis ex ea regibus, amicis

populi Bomani, Pyheraene et Mcomede. IndeEphesura contendit, et pcr oranem Asiam literas misit,

ut, ubicunque inventi essent cives Eomani, uno die

occiderentur.

BOOK V 87

VL Interea etiam Athenoc, clvitas Achaicc, :il) Aris--

tione Athenicnsi Mithridati tnidita c?t. Miscrat cnimjam ad Achaiam ]\Iithrldates Archclaum, duccmsuum, cum ccntum et vifrinti millihus cqnitum acpeditum, per qucm ctiam rcHqua Gra^cia occupata est.

SuUa Archchium apud Pirosum, non longe abAthcnis, obscdit, ipsamque urbcm ccpit

; postca com-misso procHo contra Archehmm, ita cum vicit, ut cxcentum viginti milHbns vix deccm Archelao supcr-essent, ex SuHai cxercitu quatuordccim tantum ho-mines iutci-ficerentur. Hac pugna Mithridates cog-nita, septuaginta miUia lectissima ex Asia Archelaomisit, contra quem SuUa iterum commisit. PrimoproeHo quindecim miUia hoslium interfccta sunt,

fiUusquc Archelai Diogcnes ; sccundo omncs Mithri-

datis copiaj exstinctre sunt. Ai*chelaus ipse triduo

nudus in pahidibus latuit. Ilac re audita, ^Mithri-

dates cum SuUa de pacc agi jussit.

VII. -Intcrim co tempoi*c SuUa ctiam Dardanos,Scordiscos, Dahnatas, et ]Micdos partim vicit, aHos in

fidem acce[)it. Sed cum legati a i'ege Mithridate,

qui pacem pctcbant, vcnisscnt, non aUter se daturumSuUa esse respondit, nisi rex, rcHctis his, quai occu-

paverat, ad regnum suum redusset. Postea ta-

men ad coUoquium ambo vcnerunt;

(a. u. 668) paxinter eos ordinata est, ut SuUa, ad beUum civile fes-

tinans, a tergo pericuhnn non haberet. Nam dumSuUa in Achaia atquc Asia Mithridatem vincit, (a. u.

666) Marius, qui fugatus crat, ct CorneHus Cinna,

unus ex consulibus, bcUum in ItaHa repararunt, et

ingressi urbcm Pomani, nobilissimos ex scnatu et

consuhircs viros interfecerunt ; muUos proscripserunt

;

ipsius SuUa3 domo cvcrsa, fiUos et uxorem ad fugamcompulerunt. Univcrsus rcHquus senatus, ex urbe

fuglcns, ad SuUam in Gncciam venit, orans, ut patrla)

subveniret. lUc in ItaHam trajecit, beUuni civile ges-

38 EUTROPIUS.

tums advcrsus Norbaniim et Sclpionem consules.

(a. U. 669.) Et primo proelio contra Xorbanumclimicavit non longe a Capua. Tum septem millia ejus

ceciditj sex mlllia cepit, centum viginti quatuor suo-

rum amisit. Inde etiam ad Scipionem se convertit,

et ante pi-ccllum totum ejus exercitum sine sanguine

in deditionem accepit.

VIII. Sed cum Ilomas mutati consules essent,

(a. u. 671) Marius, Marii filius, ac Paplrlus Carboconsulatum accepissent, Sulla contra Marium junioremdimicavit, et, viginti millibus ejus occisis, quadrin-

gentos de suis perdidit. Mox etiam urbem ingressus

est. Marium, JNIarii iilium, Prainestem persecutus,

obsedit, et ad mortem compulit. Rursus pugnamgravissimam habuit contra Lamponium et Carinatem,

duces partis Mariana^, ad portam CoIIinam. Septua-

ginta millia hostium in proelio contra SuIIam fuisse

dicuntur ; duodecim millia se SuIIte dedideruut, ceteri

in acie, in castris, in fuga, insatiabili ira victoris con-

sumti sunt. Cn. quoque Carbo, consul alter, abArimino ad Siciliam fugit, et ibi per Cn. Pompeluminterfectus est

;quem adolescentem Sulla atque annos

unum et viginti natum, cognita ejus industria, tra-

ditis exercitibus prtefecerat, ut secundus a Sulla

haberetur

IX. Occiso ergo Carbone Siclliam Pomiieius re-

cepit. Transgressus inde ad Africam, Domitium,Marianaj partis ducem, et Hiai'bam, regem Mauri-tanire, qui Domitio auxilium ferebat, occidit. (a. U.

672.) Post hajc Sulla de Mithridate ingenti gloria

triumphavit. Cn. etiam Pompeius, quod nulli Ro-manorum tril^utum erat, quartum et vigesimumannum agens, de Africa triumphavit. (a. u. 673.)

Hunc finem habuerunt duo bella funestissima ; Itali-

cum, quod et Sociale dictum est, et civile, qute ambotracta sunt per annos decem. Consumserunt ultra

BOOK VI. 39

centum qulnquaginta mlUia honiinuni ; viros con-

eulares viginti quatuor, prajtorios septcni, tedilitioa

eexaginta, senatores fere ducentos.

SIXTH BOOK.

J. War of Sertorius. His Deatli. — 2. War iii Macedonia, and the

neighbouring Countries. — 3. Servilius Isauricus is the first to

pass the Taurus ridge. His triumph over the Cilicians, Lycians,

and Isaurians. — 4. War in lllyricura and Dalmatia. — 5. Lepi-

dus atteinpts to raise a Civil War, to which an end is speedily put.

The Triumphs of Pompey, Curio, and Setvilius. — 6. Nicomedes,

King of Bithynia, appoints the Romans his Heirs. Third Mithri-

datic War. — 7. Ssrvile War, ended ia Tlnee Years by Licinius

Crassus, and Spartacus slain. — 8, 9. Mithridatic War continued

by the Aid of Tigranes, King of Armenia. — 10. War against the

Bessi, and the People on the Banks of the Danube. Triumphs of

theTwoLuculli.— H. CretanWar. .^j^ion, King of Libya, appoints

the Ronians his Heirs. — 12. The War with the Pirates; and th*

ilithridatic War concluded by Pompey. — 13, 1-1. Pompey's

succcss against Tigranes, and other Kings aixd People of Asia.

Jerusalem taken. — 15. War of Catiline. — IG. Metellus and

Pompey triumph. — 17. Gallic War.— 18. Parthian War. Cras-

sus slain, and his Army cut up. — 19. Civil War between Cjesar

and Porapey. Pompey conquered and slain. Power and Death

of Ca^sar.

I. (a. u. 674.) Marco -^^milio Lepido, Q. Catulo,

consulibus, cum Sulla rempublicam composuisset,

bella nova exarserunt : unum in Hispania ; aliud in

Pamphylia et Cilicia ; tertium in ]Macedonia;quar-

tum in Dalmatia. Nam Sertorius, qui partiumMarianarum fuerat, timens fortunam ceterorum, qui

iuteremti erant, ad bellum commovit Hispaniaa.

40 EUTROPIUS.

Missi siini contra cum duccs Q. Cajcilius Metcllus,

fillus cjusj qui Jugurtham rcgem vicit, et L. Domi-tius pnctor. A Sertorii ducc Ilirtuleio Doraitius

occisus . Metellus vario succcssu contra Sertorium

dimicavit. Postea cum imj^ar pugnaj solus Mctellus

putaretvu', Cn. Pompeius ad Hispanias missus est.

Ita duobus ducibus adversis Sertorius fortuna varid

fiaspe pugnavit. (a. u. 680.) Octavo demum anno a

suis occisus est, et finis ei bello datus per Cn. Pom-pcium adolescentem et Q. Metellum Pium : atque

omnes propc Hispania3 in ditioncm populi Komaniredactaj sunt.

II. (a. u. 674.) Ad Macedoniam missus est Ap-pius Claudius. JPost consulatum levia proelia habuit

contra varias gentes, qua; Rhodopam provinciam in-

colebant, atque ibi morbo mortuus est. (a. u. 677.)

Missus ei succcssor C. Scribonius Curio post consu-

latum. Is Dardanos vicit, et usque ad Danubiumpenetravit ;

(a. u. 681) triumphumque meruit, et

intra triennium finem bello dedit.

III. Ad Ciliciam ct Pamphyliam missus est P.

Servilius ex consule, vir strenuus. (a. u. 675.) Is

Ciliciam subegit, Lyciffi urbes clarissimas oppugnavit

et cepit, in his Phaselidem, Olympum, CorycumCiliciae. Isauros quoque aggressus ad deditionem

redegit, atque intra triennium bello finem dedit.

Primus omnium Romanorum in Tauro iter fecit.

Revertens triumphum accepit, et nomen Isaurici

meruit.

IV. Ad IUyricum missus est C. Cosconius pro

consule : multam partem Dahnatiffi subegit, Salonas

cepit, et composito bello Pomam joost bienniumrediit.

V. (a.u. 675.) lisdem temporibus consul M. ^mi-lius Lepidus, Catuli collega, bellum civile voluit com-movere ; intra tamen unam ffistatem motus ejiis op-

prcssus est. Ita uno tempore multi simul triumphi

BOOK YI. 41

fuerunt : ^lctelli ex Ilispanitl, Porapeli secundus exHispauia, Curionis ex ^lacedonia, Servilii ex Isauria.

VI. (a. u. G79.) Anno urbis conditic sexccntcsimoseptuagesimo scxto, L. Licinio Lucullo ct ^L Au-relio Cottii, consulibus, mortuus cst Xicomcdes, rexBithyniiv, ct tcstamcnto populum Romanum fecit

hajredem. Mithridates, pace rupta, Bithyniam et

Asiam rursus voluit invadere. Adversus eum amboconsulcs niissi variam habuere fortunam. Cotta apudChalccdonem victus ab eo acic, ctiam intra oppidumcoactus est et obsessus. Sed cum se inde MithridatesCyzicum transtulisset, ut Cyzico capta totam Asiaminvaderct, Lucullus ei alter consul occurrlt ; ac dumMithridates In obsidlone Cyzici commoratur, Ipse euma tergo obsedit, fameque consumslt, et multis proeliis

vicit; postremo Byzantlum, (qua; nunc Constantlno-

polis est,) fugavlt, navali quoque pralio duces ejus

Lucullus oppressit. Ita una hieme et a^state a Lu-cuUo centum fere millia regis cxstincta sunt.

VIL (a.u. 680.) Anno urbis Romaj sexcenteslmo

septuagesimo octavo ^laccdoniam provinclam M.Licinlus LucuUus acce])It, consobrlnus Luculli, qul

contra ^MIthridatcn bellum gerebat. Et in Itaha

novum bellum subito commotum cst. Septuaglntaenlm quatuor ghxdiatorcs, ducibus Spartaco, Crixo,

et Q^noniao, elfracto Capuro ludo, eftugenint, et perItaliam vagantes, prene non levius bellum in ed,

quam Ilannibal moverat, paraverunt. Nam multis

ducibus, et duobus simul llomanorum consuhbus, vic-

tis, (a, u. G81) sexaglnta fere niilllum armatorumexercitum congregaverunt ; victiquc sunt In Apulla a

M. Llcinio Crasso proconsule, et post multas calami-

tates Italiaj, tertlo anno, (a. u. 682) bello huic finis

imposltus.

VIII. (a.u. 682.) Sexccnteslmo octogcsimo primourbls condltaj anno, P. Cornello Lentulo et Cn.

Aufidio Orestc, consulibus, duo tantura gravia bella

42 EUTROPIUS.

in imperio Ronuino erant, Mithridaticum et Mace-donicum. Hiec duo Luculll agebant, L. Lucullus et

M. Lucullus. L. ergo Lucullus post pugnam Cyzi-

cenam, qua vicerat Mithridaten, et navalem, quaduccs ejus oppresserat, persecutus est eum, et, recepta

Paphlagonia atque Bithynia, etiam regnum ejus in-

vasit : Sinopen et Amison, civitates JPonti nobilis-

simas, ceint. Secundo proelio apud Cabirie civitatem,

quo ingentes copias ex omni regno adduxerat Mithii-

datcs, cum triginta miliia lectissima regis a quinque

millibus Eomanorum vastata est:ent, Mithridates fu-

gatus est, et castra ejus direpta, Armenia quoqueminor, quam tenuerat, eidem sublata est. Susceptus

tamen est Mithridates post fugam a Tigrane, Ar-meniai rege, qui tunc ingenti gloria imperabat, Persas

stepe vicerat, jNIesopotamiam occupaverat, et Syriam,

et Phoenices partem.

IX. Ergo Lucullus, repetens hosteni fugatum,

etiara regnum Tigranis, qui Armeniis imperabat, in-

gressusest: (a. u. 684) Tigranocerta, civitatem Ai-menire nobilissimam cepit : ipsum regem cum sex-

centis millibus clibanariorum, et centum millibus

sagittariorum et armatorum venientem, septemdecimmillia militum habens ita vicit, ut magnani partemArmeniorum deleverit. (a. u. 685.) Inde Xisibm pro-

fectus, eam quoque civitatem cum regis fratre cepit.

Sed hi, quos in Ponto Lucullus reliquerat, cumexercitus parte, ut regioues victas etiam Ilomanorumtuerentur, negligenter se et avare agentes, occasionem

iterum Mithridati in Pontum irrumpendi dederunt,

atque ita belkmi renovatum est. (a. u. 686,) Luculloparanti, capta Nisibi, contra Persas expeditionem,

Buccessor est missus.

X. Alter autem Lucullus, qui Macedoniam ad-

ministrabat, Bessis primus Bomanorum intulit beUum,atque eos ingenti proelio in Hajmo monte superavit

:

oppidum Uscudamam, quod Bessi habitabant, eodem

BOOK VI. 48

die, quo aggressus est, vlcit ; Cabylon cepit ; usqueDanubium penetravit. Inde multas supra Pontumpositas civitutcs aggressus est. lUIc Apolloniamevertit ; Calatin, Parthenopolin, Toinos, Histrum,Burziaoneni cepit, belloque confecto, Komam rediit.

Ambo tamen triumpliaverunt : Lucullus, qui contra^NIithridaten pugnaverat, majori gloria, cum tantorumregnorum victor redisset.

XI. Confecto bello ^NIaccdonico, manento ^Mithri-

datico, quod, recedentc LucuUo, rex collectis auxiliia

reparaverat, Bellum Creticum ortum esr. (a. u.

683.) Ad id missus Cajcilius Metellus, ingentibus

proeliis intra triennium oranem provinciam cepit, ap-pellatusque est Creticus, atque ex insula triumphavit.

(a. u. 656.) Quo tcmpore Libya quoque Komanoimperio per testamentum Apionis, qui rex ejus fuerat,

accessit ; in qua inclytoj civitates erant, Berenice,

Ptolemais, et Cyrene.

XIL Dum hajc gcrmitur, ^^llAX^i omnia mariainfestabant ita, ut Romanis, toto orbe victoribus,

Eola navigatio tuta non esset. (a. u. 686.) Quare id

bellum Cn. Pompeio decretum est ; quod,iutra paucosmenaes, ingenti et fellcitate et celeritatc confecit.

(a. U. 687.) Mox ei delatum bellura etiam coutra re-

gem Mithridaten et Trigranen : quo susccpto, Mi-thiidaten in Armenia minore nocturno jna-Ho vlcit,

castra diripuit : quadraginta millibuc c.u^ occisis,

viginti tantum de exercitu suo j^erdidlt, et duos cen-

turiones. Mithridates cura uxore fugit, et duobuscomitibus. Neque multo post, cum in euos sa3viret,

Pharnacis, filii sui, apud milites seditione ad mortemcoactus, venenura hausit. (a. u. 690.) Hunc finem

habuit Mithridates. Periit autem apud Bosporum,vir ingentis industriai consiliique. Begnavit annis

sexaginta, vixit septuaginta duobus; contra Romanosbellum habuit annis quadraginta.

XIIL (a. u. 687.) Tigrani deindc Pompcius bel-

44 EUTROPIUS.

lum intulit. Ille sc ci dcdit, ct in castra Pompeiisexto decimo milliai*io ab Artaxata venit, ac diadema

suum, cum procubuisset ad genua Pompeii, in ma-nibus ipsi collocavit ;

quod ei Pompeius reposuit,

honorificeque eum habitum, regni tamen parte mul-

tavit, et grandi pccunia. Ademta est ei Syria,

Phoenice, Sophene : sex millia prffiterea talentorum

argcnti, qura populo Romano daret, quia bellum sine

causa Romanis commovisset.

XIV. Pompeius mox etiam All^anis bellum in-

tulit, et eorum regem Oroden ter vicit, postremo per

epistolas et munera rogatus, veniam ei ac pacemdedit. Iberiaj quoque rege«i Artocen vicit acie, et

in deditionem accepit. Armeniam minorcm Deio-

taro, Galatise regi, donavit, quia socius belli Mithri-

datici fuerat. Attalo et Pylajmcni Paphlagoniara

reddidit; Aristarchum Colchis regem imposuit. MoxIturaios et Arabas vicit ; et cum venisset in Syriam,

Seleuciam, vicinam Antiochias civitatem, libertate

donavit, quod regem Tigranen non recepisset. An-tiochensibus obsides reddidlt : aliquantum agrorumDaphnensibus dedit, quo lucus ibi spatiosior fieret,

delectatus amoenitate loci, et aquarum abundantia.

(a. u. 690.) Inde ad Judteam transgressus, Hiero-solyma, caput gentis, tertio mense cepit, duodecimmillibus Judasorum occisis, ceteris in fidem acceptis.

His gestis, in Asiam se recepit, et finem antiquissimo

bello dedit.

XV. M. Tullio Cicerone, oratore, et C. Antonio,consullbus, anno ab urbe condita sexcentesimo octo-

gesimo nono (a. u. 690), L. Sergius Catilina, no-bilissimi generis vir, sed ingenii pravissimi, ad de-lendam patriam conjuravit cum quibusdam claris

quidem, sed audacibus, viris. A Cicerone urbeexpulsus est : socii ejus deprehensi in carcere stran-

gulati sunt. Ab Antonio, altero consule, Catilina

ipse proelio victus est et interfectus.

BOOK VI. 45

XVI. (a. U. 691.) Sexccntesimo nonafrcsirao annoab urbe condita, D. Jiinio Silano ct L. INIurena, con-

sulibus, Metcllns dc Crcta trimuphaYit;

(a. U. 692)Ponipelus (.le bello Piiatico et jNIithridatico. .JiJ^ulla

unquam pompa trlum])hi similis fiilt... Dttctj sunt

ante ejus currum filii Mithridatls, fillus Tigranis, et

Aristobulus, rex Judtcorum : pnclata est ingens

pecunia, auri atque argenti inhnitum. Hoc temporenuHum per orbem terrarum gravc bellum crat.

XVII. (a. u. 694.) xVnno urbls conditaj sexcente-

simp nonagesimo tertio, C. Julius Cicsar, qui postea

imperavit, cum L. Bibulo cousul eit factus. Decreta .

'

cst ci Gallia et Illyricum, cum kgionibus decem. Ig

primo vicit Helvetios, qui nunc Scquani appellautur.

Deinde vlncendo per bella gravissima usque ad OceanumBritannicum proccssit. Domuit autera annis novemferc omnem Galliam, quaj inter ^Upcs, flumen Rho-danum, Rhenum et Oceanum, cst, et circuitu patet ad

bis et triwes centena miUia passuum. (a.u. 698.)

Britannls mox bellum intujit, quIl)Ud ante eum ne

nomen quidem Romanorum cognitum erat ; et eos

quoque victos, obsidibus acceptis, stlpcndlarios fecit.

GalHa3 autem tributi nomine annuum imperavlt sester-

tium quadringenties, Germanosque trans lihcnura

aggressus, immanissimis proeHis vicit. Inter tot suc-

cessus ter mal^ pugnavit : a])ud Arvernos semel prae-

sens, ct absens in Gemiania bis. Nam legati ejus

duo, Titurius et Aurunculeius, per insidias cassi sunt.

XVIII. (a. u. 698.) Circa eadem tempora, annourbis condita? sexcentesimo nonagcsimo septlmo, M.Licinius Cxassus, coHega Cn. Pompeii Magui in

consulatu secundo, contra Parthos missus est, (a. u.

700) cl ciim circa Carras contra omina ct auspicia

dimicasset, a Surena, Orodis regis ducc, victus, ad

postremum interfectus est cum fiHo, clarissimo et

prtestantissimo juvcne. KcHquia) cxcrcitus per C.

Cassium quaestorera servata) sunt, qui singulari animo

\/'

46 EUTROnUS.

perditaa res tanla virtute restituit, ut Persas, rediens

trans Euphratcm, crebris proeliis vinceret.

XIX. Hinc jaui bellum civile successit, exsecrandum

et lacrymabilc, quo, pra^ter calamitates, qute in proeliis

acciderunt, etiani Populi Romani fortuna mutata est

Csesar enim, rediens ex Gallia victor, coepit poscero

alterum consulatura, atque ita, ut sine dubietate ei

aliqua deferretur. Contradictum est a Marcello con-

sule, a Bibulo, a Pompeio, a Catone, (a. u. 703) jussus-

que dimissis exercitibus ad urbera redire. Propter

quani injuriam ab Arimino, ubi milites congregatos

habebat, adversum patriam cum exercitu venit. Con-sules cum Pompeio, senatusque omnis atque universa

nobilitas ex urbe fugit, et in Grajciam transiit ; apudEpirum, Macedoniam, Achaiam, Pompeio duce, se-

iiatus contra Cajsarem bellum pai'avit.

XX. (a. u. 704.) Ca3sar, vacuam urbem ingressus,

dictatorem se fecit. Inde Hispanias petiit. Ibi,

Pompeii exercitus validissimos et fortissimos cumtribus ducibus, L. Afranio, INI. Petreio, M. Varrone,

superavit. Inde regressus, in Gr^ciam transiit, ad-

versum Pompeium dimicavit. Primo prcelio victus

est et fugatus : evasit tamen, quia nocte interveniente

Pompeiussequinoluit; dixitque Cfesar, nsc Pompehimscire vincere, et illo tantum die se potuisse superari.

Deinde in Thessalia apud Palaeophai^salum, pro-' ductis utrimque ingentibus copiis, dimicaverunt.

jPompeii acies habuit quindraginta raillia peditum,

? equites in sinistro cornu sexcentos, in dextro quin-' gentos ; prreterea totius Orientis auxilia, totam no-

. bilitatem, innumeros senatores, praetorios, consulares,

et qui raagnorum jam populorum victores fuissent.

C^esar in acie sua habuit peditum non intcgra tri-

ginta millia, equites mille.

XXI. Nunquam adhuc Pomanfe copiae in unum,neque majores, neque melioribus ducibus, convene-

rant, totum terrarum orbem facile subacturre, si

BOOK VI. 47

contra barbaros ducerentur. Pugnfitum tAuicn est

ingenti contentionc, victusque aa poslremuinFoni-peius, et castra ejus direpta sunt. Ipse fugatus

Alexandriam petiit, ut a rege ^"Egypti, cui ^utor a

senatu datus fuerat propter juvenilem ejus retatem,

acciperet auxilia;

qui, fortunam magis quam ami-citiam secutus, (a. u. 705) occidit Pompeium ; caputejus etannulum Ca^sari misit. ~Quo conspeclo, Cie^-ar

etiam lacrymas fudisse dicitur, tanti viri intuens ca-

put, et generi quondam sui.

XXII. ^Iox^ Cresar Alexandriam venit. Ipsi \ /quoque Ptolcmreus parare voluit insidia»; qua causa

,

*^

regi belium illalum cst. Yictus in Nilo periit, in-

ventumque est coi*pus ejus cum lorica aurea. .Cassar

Alexandria potitus, regnum Cleopatr» dedit, Ptole-

mffii"sororij cum qua consuetudinem stupri habuerat.'

Rediens inde Ciesar Pharnacem, Mithridatis jMagni[

filiumj qui Pompeio in auxilium apud Thessaliamj

fuerat, rebellantem in Ponto, atque multas populi

Romani provincias occupantem, vicit acie ; postea admortem coegit. (a. u. 706.)

XXIII. (a. u. 707.) Inde Romam regressus,_tertio

se cousulem fecit cum 51. ^rtlilio Lepid67 qui ei dic-

tatori magister equitum ante annum fuerat. Inde in

Africam profectus est, ubi infinita nobilitas cum Juba,Mauritanife rege, bellum reparaverat. Duces autemRomani erant P. Cornelius Scipio, ex genere anti-

quissimo Scipionis Africani, (hic etiam socer PompeiiMagni fuerat,) M. Petreius, Q. Varus, M. Porcius

Cato, L. Cornelius Faustus, Sullaj dictatoris filius

Contra hos, commisso proclio, post multas dimica-

tiones victor fuit Cresar. Cato, Scipio, Petreius,

Juba, ipsi se occiderunt. Faustus, Pompeii gcner, a

Caesare interfectus est.

XXIV. (a. u. 708.) Post nnnum Caisar Romamregressus, quai-to se consulem fccit^ et statim adHispanias est profectus : ubi Pompcii filii, Cnaeus et

48 EUTROPIUS.

Sextus, ingens bellum reparaverant. Multa prcelia

fuerunt ; ultimum apud Mundam civitatem, in quoadeo Cajsar pajne victus est, ut, fugientibus suis, se

voluerit occidere, ne post tantam rei militaris gloriam,

in potestatem adolescentium, natus annos sex et quin-

quaginta, veniret. Denique reparatis suis vicit ; ex

Pompeii filiis major occisus est, minor fugit.

XXV. Inde Caesar, bellis civilibus toto orbe com-positis, Romam rediit ; agere insolentiiis ccepit, et

contra consuetudinem Romanffi libertatis. Cum ergo

et lionores ex sua voluntate prajstaret, qui a populo

antea deferebantur, nec Senatui ad se venienti assur-

geret, aliaque regia ac ptene tyrannica faceret, con-

juratum est in eum a sexaginta vel amplius senato-

ribus equitibusque Romanis. Proecipui fueinint inter

conjuratos duo Bruti, ex eo genere Bruti, qui primusRoniffi consul fuerat, ct reges expulcrat, C. Cassius

et Servilius Casca. (a. u. 709.) £rgo Cffisar, cilna

senatus die inter ceteros venisset ad curiam, tjibus et

viginti vulneribus confossus est.

BOOK VIL 49

SEVENTH BOOK.

1. After tlie Dcath of Jullus Qcsar, tlie CLvil Wm-s are reiiewoJ.

—2. Antony, Ueing routed ijy tlie Consuls anJ Ootavianus, flees to

Lepidus, hy wliose means a Ileconciliation is efTectcJ bctwcen liiin

and Octavianus. Triumvirate of LcpiJus, .'intony, anJ Octavianus.

•— 3. Warof Brutus anJ Cassius. Thcir Deatli. Division of the

Empire betwcen Antony and Octavianus. Lucius, Brotlior of

Antony, attempts to raisc a War, anJ is defcated.— 4. IVace con-

cludedwithS Pompey.—5. Successof Agrippa in .'\quitania. Ven-

tidius Bassus triumplis over ihe Parthians.— G. S. Pompey renews

the War, and is slain. Antony marries Cleopatra, and under

takes a fruitless Expedition against the Parthians 7. War between

Octavianus anJ Antony. Battle cf Actium. Death of Antony

and Cleopatra. Egypt adJed fo the Roman Empire.— 8. 10. Oc-

taTianus takes the Name of Augustus, and obtains sole Possession

of tlie Stare. Ilis Dcalh, at .\tella. Review of his Career and

Charactcr.— IL He is succeeJeJ by Tiberius.— 12. Caligula ob-

tains the Empire. His War with the Germans. Ple isassassinated.

— 13. ClauJius. He conquers Britain. — 14. Nero, and his

Crimes. Britain nearly lost : Armcnla wrcsteJ away by the

Parthians : Pontus Polemoniacus and the Cottian Alps aJJed to

the Empire.— 15. Neroputs an enJ tohis Life.— IG. His Successor

Galba is killed after a sliort Reign— 17. Otlio assumes the im-

perial Purple, but, belng threateneJ by a Civil War with Vltellius,

killshlmself.— 18. VitelliusanJ his Viccs. His ignominious End19,20. Vespasian. His Virtues, Exploits, anJ Dcath 21,22.

Titus. Interesting Traits in his Character. His Death.

—

23.

Domltiau. Rulcs at first with MoJeration ; afterwarJs cxhibits

great Cruelty aiiJ many Viccs. Ile makcs War against thc Sar-

matians, &c. Many public Works exccuteJ by him. Hc Is mur-

dered.

I. Anno Urbls scptingentesimo fere ac nono, inter-

fecto CaeGure, bella civilia rcparata sunt. (a. u. 709.)Percuseoribus enim Cajsaris scnatiis favebat, Aiito-

50 EUTROPIUS.

nius consul [lartium Cnesaris, civilibus bellis oppri-

mere eos conabatur. Ergo, turbata republica, multaAntonius scelera committens a senatuhostis judicatus

est. (a. u. 710.) Missi acl eum persequenclum duoconsules, Pansa et Hirtius, et Octavianus adolesceng,

annos octodecim natus, -Cassaris neposj quem ille tes-

tamento heredem relicj^uerat, et nomen suum ferre jus-

serat. Hic est, qui postea Augustus est dictus, et

rerum potitus. Quare profecti contra Antonium tres

duces vicerunt eum. Evenit tamen, ut victores con-

sules ambo morerentur. Quare tres exercitus uni

Cjesari Augusto paruerunt.

II. Fugatus Antonius, amisso exercitu, confugit

ad Lepidum, qui Ctesai'is magister equitum fuerat, et

tunc copias militum grandes habebat ; a ciuo susceptus

est. ]\Iox Lepido operamdante, Ca3sar cum Antoniopacem fecit, et, quasi vindicaturus patris sui mortem,a cj[uo per testamentum fuerat adoptatus, Romam cumexercitu profectus, extorsit, ut sibi vigesimo annoconsulatus daretur. Senatum proscripsit, cum An-tonio et Lepido, et rempublicam armis tenere coepit.

Per hos etiam Cicero orator occisus est, multique alii

nobiles.

III. (a. u. 710.) Interea Brutus et Cassius, inter-

fectores CEesaris, ingens bellum moverunt : erant

enim per Macedoniam et Orientem multi exercitus,

quos occupaverant. Profecti sunt igitur contra eos

Cjesar Octavianus Augustus et M. Antonius, (reman-serat enim ad defendendam Italiam Lepidus) ; apudPhilippos, iSIacedoniaj urbem, contra eos pugna-verunt. Primo prcelio victi sunt Antonius et Cresar

;

periit tamen dux nobilitatis Cassius : secundo Brutumet infinitam nobilitatem, cpiJB cum illis bellum gesse-

rat, victam interfecen.mt. Ac sic inter eos divisa est

res publica, ut Augustus Hispanias, Gallias, et Italiam

teneret : Antonius Asiam, Pontmn, Orientem. (a. u.

7l2.'i Sed in Italia L. Antonius consul bellumcivile

BOOK VII. 51

commovlt, frater ejus, qui cum Cjesare contra BrutumCassiumnue dimicaverat. (a. u. 712.) Is apud Pcru-siani, Tusciie civitatcm, victus et captus cst, nequeoccisus.

IV. (a. u. 712.) Interim a Sexto Pompeio, Cn.Pompeii Magni filio, ingens bellum in Sicilia com-motum est, his, qui superfuerant ex partibus Bruti

Cassiique, ad eum confiuentibus. Bellatum per Cajsa-

rem Augustum Octavianum ct ^I. Antonium adversus

Sextum Pompeium. (a. u. 713.) Pax postremo con-

venit.

V. (a. u. 715.) Eo tempore jSI. Agrippa in Aqui-tania rem prospere gessit ; et L. Ventidius Bassus

irrumpentes in Syriam Persas tribus proiliis vicit.

(a. u. 71.5.) Pacorum, regls Orodis filium, interfccit

60 ipso die, quo olim Orodes, Pcrsarum rex, per

ducem Surenam, Crassum occiderat. Hic primus de

Parthis justissimum triumphum Ronije egit.

VI. (a.V. 715.) Interim Pompeius pacem rupit, et

navali proelio victus (a. U. 717), fugicns ad Asiam,

interfectus est. Antouius, qui Asiam Orientemquetenebat, repudiata sorore Caisaris Augusti Octa-

viani, Cleopatram, reginani a^Egypti, duxit uxorem.

(a. u. 717.) Contra Persas ipse etiam pugnavit;

primis eos prccliis vicit ; regrediens tamen fame et

pestilentia laboravit. Et cum instarent Parthi fugi-

enti, ipse pro victo recessit.

\"II. (a. u. 721.) Hicquoque ingens bellum civile

commovit, cogente uxore Cleopatra, regina -^gypti,

dum cupiditate muliebri optat etiam in urbe regnare.

(a. u. 722.) Victus est ab Augustonavali pugna clara

et illustri apud Actium, qui locus iu Epiro est, ex quafugit in ^gyptum ; et desjxjratis rebus, cilm omncsad Augustum transirent, ipse se iutcremit : Cleopati'a

eibi aspidem admisit, ct veneno ejus exstincta est.

^gyptus per Octavianum Augustum imperio Ro-mano adjecta est, prjepcsitusque oi Cn. Corneliua

62 EUTROPIUS

Gallus. Hunc prlmum iEgyptus Romanum judicem

habuit.

VIII. Itajbellis toto orbe .confectis, OcTAViANUii-AuGUSTUS Roinam rcdiit, duodecimo anno, quamconsul fuerat. (a. u. 724) Ex eo rempublicam per

quadraginta et quatuor annos solus obtinuit. Anteenim duodecim annis cuni Antonio et Lepido te-

nuerat. Ita ab jiiitio.^r.iucij)atus ejus usque ad finem

quinquaginta sex anni fucre. (p. C. N. 14.) Obiit autemseptuagesimo sext') anno, morte comrauni, in op-

pido Campaniaj Atella ; Komaj in campo Martiosepiiltus est: vir, qui non immeritu ex maxima parte

Dco similis est putatus. Keque enim facile uUus eo

avit in beliis felicior fuit, aut in pace moderatior.

Quadraginta quatuor annis, quibus solus gessit im-

perium, civilissime vixit : in cunctos liberalissimus,

in amicos fidissimus; quos tantis evexit honoribus,

ut pa3ne jequaret fastigio suo.

IX. Nullo terapore res Eoraana magis floruit.

Nara, exceptis civilibus bellis, in quibus invictus fuit,

Romano adjecit imperio ^ligyptum, Cantabriam,

Dalmatiam, sjepe ante victam, sed penitus tunc sub-

actam ; Pannoniam, Aquitaniara, Illj-ricura, Eaetiam,

Vindelicos, et Salassos in Alpibus ; onines Ponti

juai'itimas civitates : in his nobilissiraas Bosporum et

Panticapreon. Vicit auteni proeliis Dacos; Germa-norum ingentes copias cecidit ; ipsos quoque trans

Albim fluvium submovit, qui in barbarico longe ultra

Phenum est. Hoc tamen bellum per Drusum pri-

vignum suura adrainistravit, sicut per Tiberium, pri-

vignura alterura, Pannonicura, quo bello quadraginta

raillia captivorum ex Gerniania transtulit, et supra

ripam Kheni in Gallia collocavit. Arraeniam a Par-this recepit: obsides, (quod nulli antea,) Persa) ei de-

derunt : reddiderunt etiam signa Pomana, qu» Crasso

victo ademerant.

X. Scythce et Indi, quibus antei* Komanorum

liOOK VIl. A8

noinen incoirnitmii fucrat, niuncra ct lcg.itos acl eumluiscrunt. (iahitia quoquc sub hoc provincia facta

est, cClui antca rcgnum fuissct;primusquc cam M.

Lollius pro praetorc administravit. Tanto autemamore ctiam aj)u(l harbaros fuit, ut reges, populi

Romani amici, in lionorcm ejus condcrcnt civitatcs,

quas Caisarcns nominarcnt ; sicut in Mauritania a rcge

Juba, ct in Palacstina, quas nunc \n"bs est clarissima.

!Multi autein rcgcs ex rcgnis suis venerunt, ut ei

obscqucrentur : et habitu ivomano, togati scilicet, ad

vehiculum vel equum ipsius cucurrerunt. MorienaDivus appcllatus est. l\cmpublicam beatissimam

Tiberio successori reliquit : qui prlvignus ei, moxgener, postremo adoptione lilius fuerat.

XI. (p. c. N. 14.) Tjbeuh.s ingcnti socordia im-perium gcssit, gravi crudclitate, scclcsta avaritia,

turpi libidine. Nam nusquam ipse pugnavit : bclla

per legatos suos gessit : quosdam reges, pcr blanditias

ad se evocatos, nunquam remisit, in quibus Arche-\iium Caj)padocem, cujus etiam regnum in provinciaj

formam rcdcgit, et maximam ci^itatcm aj^pcUari

nomine suo jussit, quaj nunc Caisarea dicitur, cumMazaca antca vocaretur. liic tcrtio et vigesimo im-

perii anno, retatis scptuagesimo octavo, (r. c. N. 37)

ingenti omnium gaudio mortuus est in Canipania.

XII. SucccssiteiCAiusCii:SAR, cognomcnto Cali-GULA, Drusi, privigni Augusti, ct ijjsius Tibcrli ncpos;

scelcratissimu.s, ac funestissimus, et qui etiam Tibcrii

dedecora j)urgavcrit. Bcllum contra Germanos sus-

cepit; et, ingressus Sueviam, nihil strenue fecit. Cumadversum cunctos ingenti avaritia, libidine, crudelitate

sajviret, interfcctus in j)alatio est anno astatis vigesimo

nono, iinjicrii tertio, mense dccimo diecjue octavo.

XIII. Post hunc Claudius fuit, patruus Caligulaj,

Drusi, qui apud Mogontiacum monumentum habet,

filius ; cujus ct Caligula nepos ei-at. Hic medie im-

peravit, multa gerens trancjuille atque moderate, quae-IJ 3

54 EUTROPIUS.

dam crudeliter et in.-;ulse. Britannia3 bellum intulit,

quam nullus Romanorum post Julium Cassarem at-

tigerat, eaque devicta per Cn. Sentium ct A. Plau-

tium (p.C.N. 43), illustres et nobiles viros, trinmphumcelebremegit. Quasdaminsulasetiam,ultraBritanniam

in Oceano positas, Romanoimperio addidit, qua? appel-

lantur Orcades, filioque suo Britaunici nomen impo-

suit. Tam ci\dlis autem circa quosdam amicos exstitit,

ut etiam Plautium, nobilem virum, qui in expeditione

Britannica multa egregie fecerat, triumphantem ipse

prosequeretur, et conscendenti Capitolium Ijevus in-

cederet. Is vixit annos sexaginta quatuor, impe-

ravit quatuordecim. (p. C. N. 54.) Post mortem con-

secratus est, divusqae appellatus.

XIY. Successit huic Xero, Caligulge, avunculo suo,

simillimus, qui imperium Romanum et deformavit et

diminuit : inusitataj luxm'ia3 sumtuumque, ut qui

exemplo Caii Caligulas calidis et frigidis lavaret

unguentis, retibus aureis piscaretur, quai blattinis

funibus extrahebat. Infinitam p̂ irt^m S-enatua. intfir-^

fecit ; boriii^ om]-|ibiis hostis fuit. Ad postremum se

talito dedecore prostituit, ut et saltaret et cantaret in

scena, citharoedico habltu vel tragico. Parricidia

multa commisit, fratre, uxore, matre interfectis.

(p. C. N. 64.) TTrhpnf T?rtT7inni incendit. ut spectaculi

ejus imaginem cerneret, quali olim Troja capta arserat.

In re militari nihil omnino ausus, Britanniam pa^ne

amisit. Nam duo sub hoc nobilissima oppida capta

illic, atque eversa sunt : Armeniam Parthi sustulerunt,

le.ginnPsquo RtnmrnnB sub jugum miserunt. Dufetamen provinciae sub eo factje smit, ^«oiiituF Pole-

moniacus, concedente rege Polemone, et AlpesCottite, Cottio rege defuncto.

XV. Per haec Eomano orbi exsecrabilis, ab omni-bus simul destitutus, gj;^.senatu hostis judicatus,

c^ qufereretur ad poenam, (quaj poena erat talis, utnudus per publicum ductus, fiu^ca capiti ejus mserta,

BOOK VII. 56

vnrgis usque ad mortem cajJeretur, atque ita prajci-

pitaretur de saxo.^ e mlatio fuo-it. et in suburbanose liberti sui, quod inter Salariain et Nomentanamviam ad quartum urbis milliarium, ipterffic;,j^. ^di-ficavit Romaj thermas, qute ante ^eronianne dictae,

nanc Alexandrinai appellantur. (p. c. n. 68.) Obiit

trigesimo et altero a^tatis anno, imjjerii quarto decimo,

atque in eo omnis familia Augusti consumta est.

XVI. Huic Servius Galba successit, antiquissimae

nobilitatis senator, cum septuagesimum et tertium

aunum ageret getatis. Ab Hispauis et Gallis impe-rator electus, mox ab universo exercitu libenter

acceptus. Nam privata ejus vita insignis fuerat

militaribus et civilibus rebus ; SKpe consul, sajpe pro

consule, frequenter dux in gravissimis bellis. Hujusbreve imperium fuit, et quod bona haberet exorlia,

nisi ad scveritatem propensior videretur. Insidiis

tamen Othonis occisus est imperii mense septimo

(p. c. N. 69)" jugulatus in foro Romse, sepuhusque in

hortis suisj Qui sunt Aiu:elia via non longe ab urbe

Roma.XVII. Otho, occiso Galba, invasit imperium, ma-

terno genere nobilior, quam paterno, neutro tanien ob-

scuro: in privata vita mollis, et Xeronis familiaris : in

imperio documentum sui non potuit ostendere. Xamcum iisdem temporibus, qiiibus Otho Galbam occi-

derat, etiam ViteUius flictus essct a Germanicianis

exercitibus imperator, bello contra eum suscepto,

ciim apud Bebriacum in Italia levi [^rccho victus esset,

ingentcs tamen cnpias ad behum haberct, sponte se-

metipsum occidit, peteutibus mihtibus, ne tam cito

de belh desperaret eventu, cum tanti se non esse

dLxisset, ut propter eum civile beUum commovcretur.

(p. C. X. 69.) Voluntaria morte obiit, trigesimo et

octavo jetatis anuo, nonagesimo ct quinto imperii die.

XVIII. Dein ViTELLiusimperiopotitui est, famiha

honorata magis, quam nobih. Xam pater ejus nonc 4

56 EUTROPIUS.

admodum clarc natus, tres taiuen ordinavios gesserat

consulatus. Hlc cum multo dedccore imperavit, et

gravi saivitia notabilis, prajcipue ingluvis ct vora-

citate : quippe c^m dc die sajpe quarto vel quinto

feratur epulatus. Notissima certc cocna mcmoria}

mandata est, quam ei Vitellius fratcr cxhibuit ; in

qua, supcr cetcros sumtus, duo millia piscium, sep-

tem avium millia, apposita traduntur. Hic ciim

Ncroni similis esse vcllet, atque id adco pYX se ferret,

ut etiam exsequias Neronis, quse humiliter sepultae

fuerant, honoraret, a Vespasiani ducibus occisus est,

interfecto prius Sabino, Vespasiani imperatoris fi'atre,

quem cum Capitolio incendit. Interfectus autemest, et cum raagno dedecore tractus per urbemRomam publice, nudus, erecta coma et capite, sub-

jecto ad mcntum gladio, stercore in vultum et pectus

ab omnibus obviis appetitus;postremo jugulatus, et

in Tiberim dejcctus, ctiam communi caruit seiudtura.

(p. C. N. 69.) Periit autem getatis anno septimo et

quinquagesimo, imperii mcnse octavo et die uno.

XIX. VEsrASiANUS huic successit, factus apudPalasstinam impcrator

;princcps obscure quidem

natus, sed optimis comparandus;privata vita illus-

tris, ut qui a Claudio in Germaniam (p. C. N. 43),

deindc in Britanniam missus, tricies et bis cum hoste

conflixcrit, duas validissimas gcntcs, viginti oppida,

insulam Vectam, Brltannin3 proximam, impcrio Ro-mano adjccerit. Komaj se in imperio moderatissime

gessit : pccunias tantiim avidior fuit, ita ut eam nulli

injuste auferrct;quam cum omni diligentiffi pro-

visione colligeret, tamen studiosissime largiebatur,

prajcipue indigcntibus. Nec facile ante eum cujus-

quam principis vcl major est libcralitas comperta, vel

justior. Placidissimaj Icnitatis, ut qui majestatis

quoque contra sc reos non facile puniret ultra exsilii

pcenam. Sub hoc Judaja Romano acccssit imperio :

et Hierosolyraa, quas fuit urbs nobilissima Palaestinae.

BOOlv VII. 57

(P. C N. 70.) Achaiam, Lyoiani, Rhodum, Bvznn-tium, Samum, qunc Hbera antc hoc tcmpus liierant

,

item Thraciam, Ciliciani, Commagenen, qujc subrep:ibus aniicis egerant; in provinciarum iorinam

redcgit.

XX. Offonsarum ct inimicitiarum immcmor fuit

:

convicia a cau^itlicis ct philosophis in sc dicta, lcniter

tulit : dilip:ens tamen cocrcitor disciplinaj miHtaris.

Hic cum Tito fiho de Hierosolymis triumphavit.

Per hrcc cuni senatui et populo, postremo cunctis,

amahihs ac jucundus esset, profluvio ventris exstinctus

est in villa propria, circa Sal)inos, annum wtatis agcns

oexagcsimum nonum, impcrii nonum •"'t dicm septi'

mum : atque intcr divos rehitus est. Gcnituramfiliorum ita cognitam habuit, ut, cum multai contra

eum conjurationes fierent, quas patefactas ingcnti

dissimulatione contemsit, in senatu dixerit, autjilios

sibi successuros, aut neminem.

XXI. Huic TiTUS fiUus successlt, qui ct ipse

Vespasianus est dictus : vir omnium virtutum gcnerc

rairabilis adeo, ut amor ct dclicia: kummii gencris dicc-

retur. Facundissimus, belHcosissimus, moderatissi-

mus : causas latine egit : poemata et tragocdias grasce

composuit. In oppugnatione Hierosolymorum, sub

patre milltans, duodecim propugnatores duodecimeagittarum ictibus confixit. Komai tanta; civilitatis

in imperio fuit, ut nuUum omnino puniret : convictos

adversurn sese conjurationis itii dimiserit, ut in eademfamiliaritate, qua antca, habuerit. Facilitatis et

hberalitatis tnntai fuit, ut, cum nulli quidquam ne-

garet, et ab amicis reprehcnderetur, responderit, nul-

lum tristem clebere ah imperatore discedere. Pnetered,

cum quodam die in eocna recordatus fuisset, nihil se

illo die cuirpiam prasstitisse, dixcrit : amici, hodic diem

perdidi. Ilic Romas am])luthcatrum asdificavit, et

q-iinque millia ferarum in dedicatione ejus oceidit.

-lVXII. Pcr hxc inusitato favore dilectus, niorbo

68 EUTROPIUS.

periit in ea, qua pater, villa, post bienniuni, menseaocto, dies viginti quam iniperator erat factus, aetatia

anno altcro ct quadragesimo. Tantus luctus eo

mortuo publicus fuit, ut omnes tanquam in propria

doluerint orbitatc. Senatus, obitu ipsius eirca ves-

peram nuntiato, nocte irrupit in curiam, et tantas ei

mortuo laudes gratiasquc congessit, quantas nec vivo

unquam egcrat, ncc prreseuti. Inter divos relatus est.

XXIII. DoMiTiANUS mox accepit imperium, fi-a-

ter ipsius junior : Neroni, aut Caligulas, aut Tiberio

similior, quam patri vel fratri suo. Primis tamenannis moderatus in imperio fuit ; mox ad ingentia

vitia progressus libidinis, iracundiaB, crudelitatis,

avaritiaj, tantum in se odii concitavit, ut mcrita et

patris et fratris aboleret. Interfecit nobilissimos exsenatu : domipum se_et deum primus appcllari jussit

:

nuUam sibi nisi auream ct argenteam statuam in

Capitolio poni passus cst : consobrinos suos interfecit

:

Buperbia quoque in eo exsecrabilis fuit. Expeditiones

quatuor habuit : unam advcrsum Sarmatas ; alteram

adversiun Cattos, duas adversum Dacos. De Dacis

Cattisque .tuplicem triumphum egit : de Sarmatis

solam lauream usurpavit. Multas tamen calamitates

iisdem bellis passus est. Nam in Sarmatia legio ejus

cum duce interfecta, et a Dacis Oppius Sabinus con-

sulai*is, et Cornehus Fuscus, prasfectus prtBtorio, cummagnis exercitibus occisi sunt. Romje quoque multaopera fecit : in his Capitolium, et Forum transito-

rium, Odeum, Divorum Porticus, Iseum, Sera^jeum,

ac Stadium. Verum cum ob scelera univcrsis exosus

esse coepisset, interfectus est suorum conjuratione in

palatio (p, C. N. 96), anno a^tatis quadragesimo quinto,

imperii quinto decimo. Funus ejus cum ingenti

dedecore per vespillones exportatum, et ignobiliter

e3t cepultum.

NOTES.

N.B. Each pnisgrnph [§] or each pape [p.] in the following NotM refers to thaconespondiDg p.iragi-aph or page iu the rublic School Latin Primer.

EcTHOPius lived in the reigns of Julian and Yalpus. None of bisworks have beeu preserved, exctpt this epitome of the history ofEome, iu which he has briefly recorded the most mcmorable cir-

cumstauces in the ainials of his couutry, frora tho buildingof the cityby Komulus, to the time of the emperor Valens.

BOOK I.

CHAPTER I.

Romanum impcrium, ^c. " The Roman empire, than which thememory of man cau call to mind neither auy (empire) scarcely, (wbichwas) less at its commencement, uor (auy which was) more exteusive

iu its increase throughout the whole world."

—

Quo is the ablative of

the thing compared after the comparativo adjective viinus. [§ 124.]

—

liicreiiuniis, iu plural number, poiuts to the several steps by wbichthe empirc was increased from time to time. By mcmoria is meant uot

nierely the memory of auy persou liviug, but also, more especiaUy,

the memory of maukiud generally, ^vhich is to be found in histoiy,

records, &c.

—

Jilius. Nominative in apposition witli qu/. [§ 90.]—quum latrocinarctur. "When he was leading a robbers life."

Latrocinaretur is the imperfect subjunctive of latrocinor, dependenton quum. [§ 153.]

—

octodccim annos nafus. " Being eigbteen j-ears

of age." Literally, " having been 'uorn during eighteen years ;" i. e

eighteen years ago. Annos is accusative of duration of time. [§ 102,

(1).]

—

v.nclccimo. " On the eleventh (day)." Supply </«>. [§158.]Ablative of time. [§ 120.]—3/«;; Cahndas. " Before tbe Calends of

May," i. e. April 21. Supply antc. [§ 158.]

—

Olptipiadis scxta, &c." lu tbe tbird year of tbe 6th Olympiad." (See VocaVulary.) Tbethird year of the 6th Olympiad was tho 23rd frora tbe employment of

tbis niode of calculutiou ; and if 23 be subtracted from 77G (tbe date

E.c. of tbe first Olympiad), we have, as the datc of the foundation

of Rome, April 21, u.c. 753.

—

ut. " To (pass by tliose -writers)."

60 NOTES TO BK. I. CH. II. III.

Supply, witli A. Fiibc-r, i)r(Etireamus eos. Or pcrhaps it wo'.ild bebetter to Piipply co??/(;'r«»22«s cos, " to compnre thoso;" i.e. to com-pare their statemeuts, and adopt, as the true date, the time betweenthose dates, which they respectively give. With plurimum andminimum supply iempus. [§ 163.]

cii.irTEii n.

Condita civitatc. " After the city had been founded." Ablative

absolute. [§ 125.]

—

htsc fere. " Well nigh these things ;" 2. e. muchabout what is now going to bo stated.

—

-finitimorim. These are said

by other authors to havc consisted of criminals, debtors, outlaws, andslaves—the very dregs of tho neighbouriug states—for whom anasyhim was opened in a wood near Rome.

—

civitatem. " Citizen-

ship," or " tho freedom of the state."

—

ij^sc, &c. " Himself and (his)

people had not wives." Observc tho use of a plural verb [kaberent)

with a composite subject (ipse ct popjclus). [§ 92.]

—

ad spectaculum

ludoruin. " To a show of games;" i.e. to be spectators of somegames which the liomans were about to celebrate. Livy, i. 9, says

that they were termed ConsuaUa, and were in honour of Equestrian

Neptune ; who was so called from having produccd the horse bystriking the earth with hi^ trident. Florus also, i. 1. 10, says that

these were equestrian games. Consus was the god of counsels ; andprobably his name was given to these games, beeause he would belooked upon as the deity who had suggested the idca of this methodof attracting the neighbouring people;

—

vicinas ui-his RomcB. " Nearthe city of Rome." Urbis is the genitive dependent on vicinas, whichis here used as a substantive. [§ 156, (1).] EomcB is the genitive not

dependent upon, but in aj^position with, urbis.—commotis bellis.

" When wars had begun." More literally, " wars having been set in

motion," &c. Ablative absolute. [§ 125.]

—

raptarum. "Of (the

virgins, whohadbecn) carriedoiF." ^v.]>^\y virgimon.—vicit. " Heconquered." Supply ///c; i. c. Eoraulus. [§ 158.]— Jion comfaniisset.

"He had disappeared." Pluperfect subjunctive aftcr quum. Observethat non, prefixed immediately to vorbs, not only reuders themnegative, but makes up with them a simple meaningdirectlycontrary

to tlieir own original signification. Tlius here non comparuissct is

not " liad not appearod," but " had disappeared."

—

consccratus est.

" He was deified ;" i. e. placed by tlie deluded people in tlie number

of the false gods, whom they worshipped.

—

Romcs. " At Kome."

[§ 121, B., ff.]

—

his rcgnantihus. " These reigning ;" i.e. exercising

the office and power of king. AUative absolute. [§ 125.]

CHAPTER in.

Non miniis profuit. " No less benefited ;" i. e. in an equal degree.

—civitati. JDative after profuit. [§ 107, i.]

—

priiis confusum." '^^Tiich liad been previou.sly confused." Literally, " having been,"

&c.

^OTES TO BK. I. CII. IV.—VII. 61

CIIAPTEK rV.

Huic succcfsit. " To him succeeded." Jliiic is the dative dipend-

ent on compound verb successit. [§ 106, a.]— ofi urbe Romd. " Frumthe city of Rome." liomd is abhitive in apposition to urbe. [§ 90.]

—

dubdccimo milliario. " Twelve miles." Literally, "at tho twelfth

milestone." MiK'iario is abhitive of place. [§ 121, B.]

—

Veicntis, ^c.

The construction is ; Supcravit billo l\i(^it'S it FiJinatfs, qxiow.m

alii absunt ab urbc lioma sixto milliario, alii absuut octavo dtcimo.—annis. Ablative of time. \^ 120.1—fulminc ictus arsit. "Hewaastrnck with lightuing and wasburncd." Observe that a Latin parti-

ciple and vcrb aro often to be rendered in Eaglish by two verbs

jomed together by " and." Fidmine is the abhitive of instrument

ifta ictus. [§112.] .(4rs?7 is perfect indicative of arrfro.

CHA.PTER V.

Exfili&. " By his daughter." Literally, " out of." Observe that

the dative and ablative cases plural of this word sometimes end in

abus: " filiabus."— Ostium. Hence the name of the city itself wascalled "Ostia."

—

supra mare. " On the coast."

—

sexto dccimo mHli'

ario. [§ 121, B ]

CHAPTEE VI.

Circum Eomcr. " The circus at Rome." [§ 121, B., a.]

—

vicit idem.

"Healso conquered." (See id<.?n, No. 2, in Vocabulary.)

—

nonpariimagrorum. " A very considerable extent of territory." Agroruynis the genitive of " the thing measured " after the adverbparitm, a word denoting "qnantity." [§131.]

—

iisdem. " Fromthe same ;

"i. c. from tho Sabiues. lisdcm is dative of disadvantage

after subhituni. [§ 107; also, p. 135, iv. Z*.]

—

primusque intrant.

"Aud was the first who entered." Obscrve the difference betweenprimus and priniinn. Primus means, to be the first to do, &c. a

thing; primum, to do, &c. it in the first place; i.e. before one does

anything else.

—

muros. " The walls; " /. c. of the city.

CHAPTEE VII.

Ex /evnnd, cjr. " Of a woman (of) noble (birth), yct a prisoner

and a slave." Her name is said to havo been Ocrisia.— pri'mus

omnium. "He was the first of all who," &c. Omniion is genitive

of "thing distributed," after primxis, used as a partitive adjective.

[§ 130.]

—

sji.b eo. " Under him; " t. e. Ser^'ius TuUius ; meaning, " in

his reign."

—

omnibus, ^-c. " When all had been assessed." Literally,

"all having been brought down iuto the census."

—

occlsus est. "Hewas slain." Perf. pass. of occido.—filii. " The son." The genitive

in apposition with Tarquinii. [§ 90.]

—

cvi ipse, ^c. " Whom hehadhimself succeeded." Observe that cui is dative after succcsserat,

A verb compounded with preposition sub. [§ 106, o.]

—

filia. " Hia

62 NOTES TO BK. I. CH. VIH.

daughter." This genitlve is coupled to gcncri by ct.—qua7n l^arquin-

iiis, cjx\ "To •vrhom Tarquin «•as married." Literally, " whomTarquiu had as wife." Quarii relates tofilia, and is accusative of

nearer object ; while uxorcm is the accusative of oblique complement,

after the factitive verb habchat. [§ 99 ; also, p. 134, III. D.]

CHAPTEE TIII.

Septimus, S^c. " Was the seventh and last king." Literally, " of

the kings." Regum is genitive of " thing distributed," after ultimus,

used as a partitive adjective. [§ l.?0.] Supply fuit.—qua gc-ns.

' Wiiich nation." Observe the constructiou;qucs relates to Volscos, and

agrees -n-ithyf^js by attraction. [§159.]

—

cuntlbus. " For those whogo." Literally, "for (persons) going." Supply Ao;«?/i»J2«5. Euntibus

is the dative plural of iens. See Vocabulary.

—

ab urbe. See Vocabul-

ary.

—

(Bdificavit. "He built." The meauing is that he completed

the Temple, as Eutropius tells us it was begun in the reigu of Tar-

quinius Priscus.

—

imperium ^xrdidit. "He lost his kingdom."

LiteraUy, " his povrer."

—

ea ; f.c. Lucretia.

—

qucsia fuissct. "Hadcomplained." Pluperfect subjuuctive of qucror, dep. 3.

—

occidit se.

" She kiUed herself." Perf. of occido.—Proptcr quam causam. " Andfor this reason." See qui iu Vocabulary.

—

parens Tarcjuinii. See

parens in Vocabulary.

—

Tarquinio, tfc. " Wrested the kingdom from

Tarquiu." Tccrquinio, dative of " disadvautage " after the verb

adcmit.—mox excrcitus, ^-c. The constructiou is ; Mox excrcitus quoque,

qui oppugnabat civitatcm Ardcam cum rcge ipso, rdiquit eum, rexque

venicns ad urbem exdusus est, portis clausis.—qui. "Which;" i.e.

the army. The pronouu refers not to eum, but to excrcitus.—civi-

tatcm Ardeam. "The city of Axdea." Observe that the Latiu idiom-

requires the name of a towu, &c., to be in apposition with iirbs,

oppidum, ^f., where the Englisli would employ a dependent

geuitive.

—

portis clausis. Ablative absohite. [§ 12.5.]

—

quumqueimpcrasset. "Aud after tliat he had held the kingdom." Literally,

" and when he had commanded." Tmperdssct for impcravisset, the

pluperfect subjunctive of impero.—annos, &c. " Dtiring (a spaee of

)

tweuty-five years." Accusative of dtiration of time. [§ 102^ (1).]

—cum uxore. "He was driven into exile with his wife and child-

ren." LiteraUy " fled." Observe that suis iufluences the meauing

of uxorc, altliough it agrees in number, case, and geuder with libcris,

nearest to which it is placed.

—

Eomce. " At Rome." [§ 121, B., a.]

—rcgnatum ed, ^-c. "Seven kings reigued during two hundi-ed and

fort.Y-three years." Literally, " it was reigned by seven kiugs."

Eomulus reiiiued 37 years.

Kuma Pompilius .

TuUus Hostilius .

Ancus MartiusTarquinius Priscus

Servius TuUiusTarquinius Superbus

4332

24

384425

243

not.es 10 r.K. I. cii. IX.- XI. 63

Eutropius docs not rookou tlio year of iuterrc-gnuiu, wbich, being

addect will give a total of 244 ^-ears from tlie foundatiou of the city.—2'.bi ])lurimum, ^-c. "Wherc (it had) the greatcst (extent ofterritory)." Literally, " where it possessed most ;

"i. e. territoiy.

Supply ctyri. Betorc j^lurinHcm supply ^jo^^a-ic/c^t;".

CHAPTER IX.

Placuit. " It "nas resolved." Literally, " it pleased ;" i. e. the

Eomau people.

—

imjperium, tfr. "Their authority longer than a

year." Litorally, " a longer authority than (a) yearly (one)."

—

ne

rcddcrentur. "That they might not be made."

—

civilcs. "Likecitizens;" i.e. " such as citizen bhould be to eitizen."

—

qui scirent.

" Because they knew." Litcrally, " who knew." Obscrve that qui

is often used -with a subjunctive mood, to dencte the intentioa or

object of something, which has beeu stated iu the precediug clause.

(See jift in Vocabulary).

—

post aamim. "At theendof the year."

Literally, " after thc year."

Expulsis regihus. " After the kings had bcen driveu out;" i.e.

from Eome. [§ 125].

—

qui maxime egcrat. " Who had principally

brought it aboiit." Observe that qui is here followed by an iudica-

tive, because a definite pcrson is spoken of.

—

ut Tarquinius, ^-c.

" That Tarquin should be driven out ;" ?'. c. from Eome.

—

Tctrquinio.

" From Tarquin." 'Do.iixQ a.ftev sullata cst.— ne quisquam. " That

not any one."

—

qui vocaretur, ^-c. " Who was named Tarquin."

Literally, " who was called." The suLjunctive mood is here used

because the verb is subordinate to oration actually obliquc. [§ 151.]—acccpto, ^v. "After he had received all his fortune." [§ 125.]

—migravit, Lavinium was the placo he chose for his abode.

—

Consul. Nominative of complement. [§ 93, (2).]— co//cc!!Js,^r. "Afier

having gathcrcd together many nations." Literally " many nations

having been," &c. [§ 125.]

—

ut jMSsct restitui. " lu order that he

might be restored." [§ 152, I. (2).]

CHAPTER X.

Invicem, ^-c. "Mutually killed themselves;" i.c.MX by each

other's hands.

—

Bruium huxerunt. " Moimied for Brutus." The

verb is here used trausitively.

—

quo rnorho mvriuo. " Aud when ho

had died a natural death." Quo is ablative absolute and relates

to patrem. Morho is the ablative of manner after mortuo.—urhe ccssisset. JJrhe is the ablative of " separation " after cessissct.

[§ 12^.1—perisset. "Had fallcn." For perivisset, pluperfect sub-

junctive oi pcreo.

CHAPTER XI.

Bellum ijittdit. See infcro in Vocabulary.

—

ut reciperetur. " For

the purpose of his being taken back." Observe the use of the subjunc-

tive after ^it.—auxilium fercnte, ^c. " Porsena, the king of Etruria,

G4 NOTES TO BK. I. CII. XII.—XV.

Lriugiug hini assistanee." Ei is dative after fcrentc.—tunc quoque," At that tinie also."

—

"post reges exactos. " After the kings had bcen

driven out."

—

ncque Porscna, ^c. "And Porsena, who had madepeace with the Romans, did not render him aid." Observe that, in

construing, tho negative power of neque (ct non) must be thrownupon the verb. Ei is dative after the trajeetive verb prcsstaret.

[106, fl.]

—

Tu-sculum se contuHt. " He betook himself to Tusculum.

[§ 101.]

—

qumcivitas. " Which city." Qucb relates to Tuseulum, andagrees with civitas by attraction. [§ 159.]

—

lyrivatus consenuit.

" He grew old in a private station ;"

?. c. he did uot attempt to inter-

meddle at all with pubHc alfairr. Consenuit is the perfect indica-

tive of consencsco.

De his, ^c. " There was a triumph on aecount of these." Liter-

ally, " it was triumphed (by the Eomans) in respect of these."

Triumphatuni est is a verb passive impersonal.— Vahriusille. "That(celebrated or well-known) Valerius." Observe here the emphatic

use of ille to point out a person who is well known.—/a^aWer mor-tuus est. "Died a natural death." Literally, "aceording to fate

or destiny." Compare morbo decessit, c. iii.

—

sumtum, ^-c. " Hehad the expense of (his) burial;" f. c. the cost of his burial wasdefrayed.

—

que)7i matrons, cfr. "For whom the matrons mourned."The verb is here used transitively.

—

sicut. " Just as (they had donefor)." Supply luxerant.

CHAPTER XII.

Ad injuriam, ^r. " To avenge tlie injury done to his father-in-

law." Literally, " of his father-in-law." Vindicandam is a gerund-

ive. [§ 143.]—i?07Kc5. "At Rome." [§ 121, B. «.]

CHAPTER XIII.

Tanquajn premcretur. " As if it were oppressed;

" i. e. under the

pretence that.

—

ipse. "Itself;" f. f. the commous.

—

quasi proprios,

^c. "As it were its peeuliar judges and protectors."

—

per quos." That by means of them." Literally, "through whom." Observethe use of the relative to mark the object speeified in the preeeding

clause.

CHAPTEH xrv.

Acie. " In battle."

—

civitatem quam, ^c. " The best city whicbthoy possessed." Observe the position and agreement of opti7)iam.

Instead of belougiug to the demonstrative clause, aiid being joined

with civitatem, it is put in the relative clause, and is joined to qua)n.

In this construetiou the word so transferred is ^-ritten after the

relative.

CHAFTEB XV.

Qui cepicrat. 0"bseiTe that qui, as itis here used in its simple sensotakes the indieative mood [§ 150].

—

contoidit iratus. "Bent his step;-

NOTES TO BK. I. CII. XVI. XVIII. 65

in his wnitli."

—

(iiixUia acccpit. "Reccivod .luxiliarj troops." Ob-serve the moaning of auxilia in this place.

—

accessif. Porfect

indicative of accedo.—lcgatis repudiatis. " After havinfi rejeetcd

the ambassadors." Literally, " the ambassadora having bcen," &c.Coriolanus refused to admit them evcn to his presence.

—

nisi . . .

veniss(7it. "If . . . had not come." Observe the use of a plural

verb (venissent) with a composite subjcct {mater ci xixor). [§ 92.]

Observe also the use of the subjunctive mood after nisi. [§ 152, III.

(2).]

—

sccundus posi Tarquinium. " The next to Tarquiii."

CHAPTEB XVI.

Soli Busccpcrimt. " Undcrtook alone ;"

i. e. by thcmsolves—with-

out any assistance from the State.

—

scnatui. The dative after pro-

miiientes. [§§ 142,107.]

—

pcr se, ^-c. " That the whole contest should

be completed by themselvcs." More freely, " that the contcst should

be altogether brought to a conclusion by their own moanB." Supplyme with ijnpUndum.—itaquc, ^c. "Therefore all (of them) illustrious

(men), and (men)who individuallyought to be commanders of mightyarmies, set out (from Rome) and fell all togother in an engagemcnt."

Observe that what is expressed iu Latin by a participlo and verb is

expressed in English by two verbs. Thus above—" set out and fell,"

&c. Tho Latin, literally rendcred, is, " having set out, foll," &c-—unus oinninb, ^c. " One ouly survivod out of so large a fiimily."

—proptcr puerilem, ^c. " On account of his boyish age ;" i.e. bocause

he was only a boy iu age.

CHAPTEH XTII.

Obsideretur. " "Was being heramed in." Imperfect subjunctive

passive after quxim.—colebat. " Used to cultivate (it)."

CHAPTEH XTIII.

Bene egissent. See ago, No. 4, in Vocabulary. Thcse deccmvirswere appointed to remodel tlie laws of the state ; and from their

labours and researchcs were produced the laws of the Twelve Tables,

as they are calied, which have siipplied abundant materials for

modern jurisprudence.

—

sccundo. " In the second (year)." Supplyanno.—j'7ius cx iis. "Oneof thcir number." Literally, "out of them."

Observe the construction.— honestis sfipcndiis. Ablative of quality.

[§ 115.] See stipendium in VocabuLiry.

—

occidit. " Killed." Incrder to cffect his puq)ose, the decemvir had instigatod one of his

dependents to claim the girl as his slave. Ile did so, and took hor

before the tribunal to assert his protcnded right to her. The docem-vir, at the outcry of tho people, reluctantly put off his judgment to

the next day. In the nKvin while lier fathor, being apprised of whatwas threatoned, returned in haste to Uome; and, finding that he

could not rcscue her from impeiiding ruin, wiklidrew her gradually

to some butcl)er's shnmbles, and there snatching up a knife, plunged

6b NOTES TO UK. II. CU. I.—1\.

it iu her bosom. See Livy, iii. 48. Tiiis historiau al.so places the

oveiit tliree year.s latcr; viz. a. u. 305.

—

sublata ctit, <S,c. " Tlie powerof the decemvirs was takeu away." Literally, " was taken awayfromthe decemvii'3." Decemviris is the dative of disadvautage, dependenton trajective verb sublaia est. [§ 107 ; also, p. 135, IV. D.]

CHAPTER XIX.

Eebellaverunt. "Eenewed the war." The people of Fidense hadbeeu vanqiiished by Tulliis Hostilius. (See c. iv.)

—

Qucb amhcB civitat-

€S. " Both (of) which cities ;" i. e. Fideu?e aud Veii. They were

meutioned together in c. iv.

—

urbi. "To the city." Dative after

trajective adjective vicints. [§ 106,(1).]

—

captcB tt cxeisce. "Wastaken and utterly destroyed." Supply sunt with eaeh word.

CHAPTEE XX.

Fost, cfr. " At the eud of tweuty years after that."

—

diu ohsidens

cepit. " He took after a loug sioge." Literally, " besieging for a

long time, he took." The war was declared A. u. 3-19 ; the siege

began a. u. 350 ; aud was coucluded by Camillus, a. u. 359.

—

comraota.

cst, ^r. " IU-will was raised against him." Literally, " was raised

up for him."

—

occuparunt for occiipaverunt.— Camillo Gallis superven-

tum cst. See supcrvcnio iu Vocabulary. Gcdlis is the dative depeud-

ent on the compouud verb supervcnturn cst. [§ 106, «.]

BOOK n.

CHAPTEE I.

Fost captam. "After it had been taken;" i.c. by the Gauls.

Supply urbem.—pro. " lustead of."

—

facti. Supply sunt.—con-

sulari potestate. " Of cousular power." Ablative of quality.

[§115.]

—

et trcs simul triumphos egit. See «^o in Vccabulary. Gfthese triumphs oue was for his couquest of the Volsci, one for that

of the ^qui, and one for that of the Sutrini.

CHAPTEB n.

m dcditioncm accepit. " Eeceived (it) on capitulation," i. e. he did

not stonn the place ; the city surrendered on certain terms.

—

viginti

dicbus. "In twenty days." [§ 120.]

CHAPTEES III. rV.

Post aliquantum. "After a little (while)." Supply tempons, a

genitive dependeht ou the neuter adjective aliqua.iium. [§ 131.]

NOTES TO 15K. II. Cll. V. VI. 67

—nulloe. " That none." Supply Tribunos ?jiUiiares.—placuit. " It

was resolved." Literally, it pleased (them). Supply illis.—quadri-

'.nniio/i ita fluxif. " Four ycars glided away in such a manner."The metaphor in fluxit is takeu from the stream of a river gliding

gradually, yet s-wiftly, onward. ' According to Livy, the time 'wan

five years.

—

potcstates majons. " The higher authorities (of state)."

There wcro neither consuls nor decemvirs, nor niilitary tribunes.

—

triennio. " During a space of three years." [§ 120.]—/ac;'?. Sup-ply sunt.

CUAPTEH V.

Proffrcssus. " Came forward and," i. c. from the ranks. Observethe Latin participle and verb rendered by two English verbs.

—

provoc-

antem. "Challenging (him)." Supply «y/i<?n. Who the Gaul wasis not certain

;probably he was a mau of rank. Suidas caUs him

"Eling of the Celts."

—

coUo. Dativedependent cn imposito. [§ 106,

«.]

—

suo refers to the principal word in the sentcnce ; t. c. Titus

Manlius.

—

mox ctiam victi. " Shortly afterwards also they 'trere

conquered." Supply sunt.—non multb pbst. " Not long afterwards."

Pbst is an adverb.

—

ducti. "Were led." Supply sunt. Observethat by thefigure "synesis" ducti agrees withthepersonsrepresentedhj miUia, not with its grammatical gender [§ 160],

CHAPTEH VI.

Subacti crant. " Had been subJued." Pluperfect indicative

passive of SM^z^or.

—

prcEstarc noUent. "Would not supply." Observethat nolo is often rendered, according to its tense, by " will not,"" would not." NoUent is here subjunctive on aceount of quum.—tan-

tum tironcs. " Only raw recruits."

—

qid modus. " And this number."Literally, " which number." Obsen-e that qui relates to lcgiones

dccem and agrees with modus by attraction. Observe, too, the use of

the relative insteadof tho demonstrative and a coiijunction.

—

armat-

orum. " Of men carrying arms." It is the genitive depeudent onsubstantive milUa.—.parvis adkuc, cfr. " Although the Eoman state

was as yet small." Ablative absolute [| 125].

Qu(B quum profect<B essent. " And when these had sct forth." Ob-serve that qu<B relates to lcgione-. Vrofcctm essent is pluperfect

subjunctive of proficiscor, after quum. [§ 153, (1).] Observe also

theuse of the relative que instead of et hce. See articlo qui in Voca-

bulary.

—

qui esset. " Who was (said to bej." The subjunctive esset

shows that the writcr gives this aecount as the statement of others.

Had he given it as his own, he would have used the indicative erat.

—qziurn processisset armatus. " Wben he had come forward in (his)

arms."

—

alis et unguibus. Ablative of instrument after verberavit.

[§ 112.]

—

ne rectum. " That he mifiht be imablc to look straight

before him." Observe the use of tl.e subjunctive after the final

conjunction ne. [§ 152, I. (2).]

—

didlt. "He gave;

" i. e. the Gaul

did.

—

idem, ^c. " He was also called Corvus." His descendants

68 NOTES TO BK. II. CII. vn.—ix.

wero named " Corvini." Oii tliis force of ide^n Ece VocaLulary.—annorum, cfc. " At twentj--tliree years (of age)." Literally, " of

twenty-three years." Genitive of quality [§ 128].

CHAPTEn VII.

Qui noluerant. Observe tlie indicative after qui, wbich is ustd in

its simple force [§ 150].

—

exigere, ^c. "To exact this also."

Observe that hoc agrees with the following sentence.

—

qiwd quum,^c. " And when this had been refused." Observe the employ-ment of the rehitive quod instead of the demonstrative and a conjunction. See article qui in Vocabulary.

—

statucs. Livy, viii. 13,

tells us that this was an unusual honour, seldom granted in that ape.

He also says that these were equestrian statues.

CHAPTER vm.

Gerebatur. Observe the force of the imperfect tense, denoting apast thing yet in course of accompHshmeut.

—

qui quum Eomamredisset. " And when he had returned to Eome." Bomam is

accusative of phice "whither." [§ 101.]— Q. Fabio. Dative after

trajective verb lyrcBceTpit. [§ 106, a.]

—

ne pugnaret, ^c. " Not to

fight in Ijis absence." Literally, " that he should not fight."

—

felicissime. " With the grcatest success." Liv}', viii. 30, says,

20,000 of the enemy were slain.

—

capitis dainnatus. " Having beencondemned to death." CajAtis is genitive after damnatus, a participle

betokening " condemnatiou." [§§142,133.]

—

tantd, <^-c. " So great

a mutiny having been raised against Papirius." Literally, " stirred

up for Papirius." Pa^nrio is dative after commota, a trajective part-

iciple. [§§ 142 ; 106, «.]

CHAPTER IX.

Postea. " Afterwards." The time was three years.

—

sub jugummiserunt. "Seut under the yoke." The jugum consisted of twospears fixed upright in the ground, at the top of which another wasfastened in a horizontal position. Under this it was customary for

a victorious general to make the vanquished army pass. The act of

causing any to pass " under the j-oke " was emblematical of their

taking the yoks of slaverj- upon their necks, in the same way that

oxen and horses bear the yoko of their masters, and are compelledto labonr for them, and submit to their authority. The term is of

frequent occurrence in Scripture.

—

cum ipsis. "With themselves;"»'. e. the consuls.

—

co tempore. " At tliat time." Ablative of time.

[§ 120.] - Icgatus datus fuisset. "Had been grantcd to him as his

lieutenant."

—

susfulcrunt. "Theyputan end to." Literally, " lifted

up," and so, " took away :" hence as above trauslated. Perfect in-

dicative active of tollo.—qui Eomanam, cfc. "Who in a greater

degree wearied the valour of the Romans." Literally, " Roman valour."

Qui is foUowed by its verb in the subjunctive. [§ loO.]

NOTES TO 15K. 11. CH. X.—XII. 69

CUAPTEU X.

Interjtctis, Sfc " Aftcr an interval of sevoial years." Literally,

"several yoars liaving been cast between."

—

JiomtiiH tcndircnt. " Wcreproceedinjx to Rome." Literally, " were bonding (their way) to

Rome." Romain is accusativo of thc phice "whither." [§ 101.]—delet<B sunt. " Wcro externiinatcd;" i. c. wcre slaughtercJ tillalmostnone remained. Litcrall}-, " wiro blottcd out."

CUAPTER XI.

Eodem tcmporc. " At thc same time." Abhitivo of timc. [§ 120.]

—

Tarentinis. " Against the Tarentines" Dative after compound verbindictum est. [§106, rt.] in ultimd Italid. " In the furthest part of

Italy."

—

lcgatis, ^r. "Because that(or sinco) they had committod aninjury against the ambassadors of the Eomaus." Liteially, " wl)o

had done an injury to," &c. Obscrve the use of the subjunctive

mocd after qid iu the forcgoing moaning. [§ 150.] The matter

alluded to was as foUows:—Ambassadors from Eome had presented

themselvcs before the Tarentines, dcmanding the restoration of a

trireme, togcther with its contents and crew, which thcy had seizcd

from the Thurians, the allics of Romo. The people laughed alike at

the dress and language of the Eomans ; and, as the envoys wereleaving the assembly, a bufFoon befoulod the robe of Posthumius, ono

of the number. Heroat the peals of laughtcr were redoubled.

Posthumius, liolding up his robe, exclaimed:—"Ay, laugh; laugh

while you maj-: you will wcep long enough when you have to washthis out in blood." Ou his return to Rome he disphiyed liis garment,

with the filth upon it; and hereupon w.ar was dechircd against the

Tarentines.

—

citm transmari>io, cjc. "With an enemy (frum) beyondeea." All thewarsof the Romans had hithcrto been withthe nativcs

of Italy. Pyrrhus was the first foreign foe with whom they had to

contend.

—

ostendi. "Should be shown (to them)." Supply cis.—vicit. "He conquered (them);" i. e. the Eomans. Supply eos.—quos incognitos, S^-c. " At which, being unknown (animals), the

Komans were greatly terrifiod." Expavcrunt is perfcct indicativo of

expavcsco.—advcrso vulnerc. " With their wound in front." Literally,

"with a wound turned towards; " t. c. the onemy. A proof this that

they had sto^d stcadily against thcir foes, and had not met their

death in flght.

—

truci vultu. " With a fierce countcnance ;" t. f.

betraying no symptoms of their having felt any alarm or terror at

their fate.

—

mortuos jaccre. "Werc lying dcad." Observe that ^'acere

(neut. 2nd conj.) has the accusative quos as its subject, and hcnce is

foUowed by an accusative as its complement. [§ 94, (1) and (2).]

—

eontigisscnt. Pluperfcct subjunctive oi contingo,

CUA.PTER xa.

Romam pcrrcxit. " Proceedcd to Romo." Romam is accusative

of the placo " whither." [§ 101.] Pirrcxit is indic. perf. oi pergo.—

70 NOTES TO BK. ir. CII. XIII. XIV.

terrore exereitus. " Tliroxigh dread of the army." Excrcitus is anobjcctive prenitive. [§ 132.]

—

scqiuhatxir. "Kept following (him)."

Observe the use of the imperfcct to denote a coiitinued action.

—

de redimendis ca^itivis. " Coucernir.g ransoming the prisoners."

Observe that redimendis is a gerundive. [§ 143.]

—

umtra cx lcgatis,

^c. The construction is : sic admiratus est Fahricinm, unum cx

legatis Eoinanorum, ut qxmm cognovissct eum esse pauperem, voluerit

soUicitare (eum), iit transiret ad se, quartd parte regni promissd (ei).

—lcgatum misit, ^r. The construction is : misit lcgatum, frcecipuum,

virum, Cincani nomine, qui peteret pacc7n csquis conditionibus.—nomine. "Byname." Ablative of " respect " after Cmm»?. [§116.]

CHAPTER xm.

Pyrrho. "ToPyrrhus." Dative after trajective verb rfwaM«?a<M?»

cst. [§ 106,«.]

—

infamcs habcri captivos. As Aa6m has its subject

(captivos) in the accusative, it takes also its complement {infamcs)

in the accusative. [§ 9-1, (1) aud (2).]

—

ante eos, cfc. "And that

theyshould not return totheirformer condition (amongst thesoldiers)

before that," &e. They vrere degraded from the rank they previously

held in the army. The kuights Tvere reduced to foot soldiers, andthe foot soldiers placed amongst the Vclitcs, or light troops, besides

some other minor marks of disgrace being inflicted on them.

—

si

bi7iorum, ^-c. " (If) they shall have brought back the spoils of t^^vo

enemies apiece." Observe the force of the distributive adjective.

— revcrsus est. " Eeturned." Perfect indicative of 7-evertor.—a quoquu7n, ^•c. " And when Pyrrhus inquired of him." (See article qui

in Vocabulary.)

—

qualc^n, ^-c. " Of what sort he had found Eome (to

be) ;" i. c. what kind of a place it was.

—

scilicet ialcs. " That, of a

truth, almost all there were such, as Pyrrhus alone was deemedthroughout Epirus and the rest of Greece."

—

intcrfccti. " "Were

slain." Supply suiit.— Tarcntum fugatus. "Was chased to Tar-

entum." Supply cst. Ta7-e7itum is accusative of place " -whither."

[§ 101.]

CHAPTEB XIV.

Occisu7-um. " That he ^ould kill." Supply fsse. lufiuitive fature

acti\e of ocddo.— spopondisset. " Had engaged (to do)." Pluperfect

subjunctive from spo7tdco'.—ille est Fabricius. " Fabricius is that

man," &c. Observe the emphatic use of ille.—ceddif. " Cut up."

Perfect indicative of ccsdo.—pri^nus duxit. " He was the first whobrought." Literally, " led."

—

clcphantos quatuor. "Elephants, four

(in number)." The present p>assage does not imply that Dentatuswas the first person vrho broiight iowv elephants to Rome. It meansthat he was the first, before all otliers, wlio brought any elephants to

Rome, and that the elephants he so brought were four in number.

NOTES TO nK. II. CII. XV.—XXI. Tl

CIIAPTKn XV.

A Ptolem<BO. " By Ptolemy." Tliis was Ptolemy Philadelphus.

CUAPTEH \Y\.

ConditcE. Suppl}' $unt.

CIIAPTER XVII I.

Quum jani. " When the name of the city of Rome wa3 nowfamous." Bomce is in apposition to tirbis. [§ 90.]

—

liomanovumesscnt. "Belonged to the Romaus." Bomanorum is genitive of tho

"possessor" after cssent. [§ 127.]

—

cessasscnt for ccssavisscrt

CHAPTER XIX.

Ees magnce gcstcs sunt. " Great exploits were performed." Perfectpassive indicative oi geror.—in ficlcm acceptcB sitnt. "Were received

under protection.

—

ct de his, ^c. " And on aecount of these there

was a second triumph at Eome." Literallv, " and on account of these

it -was triumphed (by them) a second time at Kome."

CHAPTEE XX.

Primum dimicavcrunt. " Fought for the first time."

—

in mari." At sea." Literally, " in the sea." Observe that 'mari is the ablative

case.

—

paratis, cfr. " "When they had providfA ships with beaks."

Literally, " ships furnished with rostra having been prepared."

—

quas Liburnas vocant. " Which mcn call Liburnian." Before vocant

Bupply komincs. [§ 158.] Observe also the use of two accusatives

after the factitive verb vocant. [§ 99.]

—

mersit. " He sunk." Perfect

indicative of mergo.—Bomcaiis. ''To the Eomans." Dative after

trajective adjective gratior. [§ 106, (3).]

CHAPTEE XXI.

Translatum est. "Was carried beyond (sea)." Perfect passive

indicative of transfiror.—victusque cst. " And he was conquered;"f. e. Hamilcar.

—

viginti diias. Supply navcs.—transtsscnt for trans-

ivissent; pluperfc-ct subjunctiveof <;'rt2(5fo.

—

contra trcs,^-c. "Againstthree generals of the Carthaginians." These, as Polybius, i. 30, in-

forms us, were Hasdrubal, liostar, and Hamilcar.

—

duce Xantippo." Under the command of Xautippus." Literally, "Xantippus bciugtheir leader." Ablative absolute. [§12o, «.]

—

^dtimclpcrnicic. "Witli(an) iitter destruction (of his army) ;

" i. e. his army was entirely

destroyed. Pernicic is ablative of manner after victus cst. [§ 113.]—occisi. Supply svnt. Observe that by the figure " syncsis " occisi

72 NOTES TO BK. II. CH. XXil.

—

XXV.

agrees witli the gendtT of tlie persons bctokened by millia, and not

the grainmatical gender of that word. [§ 160.]

—

conjcHm. Supplfest. [§ 15S.]

CHAPTEE XXII.

Frofccti sunt. " Set out." Perfect indicatire of j)roJiciscor.—nrh)ium. " In the first place

;

" i. e. at the commencenient of hostilities,

This took place ncar the promoutoiy of Mercurium, otherwise Herm-aeum, now Cape Bon in Africa.-

—

triginta. Supply navcs.—militcm

suum. " His soldiery." Observe the use of this word in a collective

force.

—

ingenti frada. " Witli imraense booty." Prceda is ablative

after ditavit, a verb of " enriching." [§ 119, b.l—suhacta fuisset.

"Would have been subdued." Pluperfect subjunctive of suhigor.

—CTpcctarc is hero usod intransitively.

—

ncquc idlo tonporc. " Andat no tirae." Tcmpore is ablative of time. [§ 120.]

—

tant.i mari-

tima, (^e. "Was so great a storm at sea heard of."

—

ncque in

cdiquo. " And not in tho least degree." Literally, "And not in

something."

—

infractus est. " Broken." Perfeet passive indicative of

infrijigo.

CHAPTER XXIII.

Somanis displicerent. " Proved vexatious to the Roraans." Liter-

ally, " were displeasing." Romanis is dative after the trajective

verb displicercnt. [§ 106, (3).]

—

ct tantii,m, ^•c. "And to keeponly siity ships for the defence of Italy." Literally, " and (that)

only sixty ships should be saved," &c. Before the verb supply ut.

[§ 154.]

CUAPTER XXIV.

Afrorum ducem. " The commander of the Africans ; " ?'. e. Has-drubal.

—

quos «w auxilium habchat. " Whom he had as allies."

Literall}', "for aid."

—

quum antum, ^c. " When the number of 130elephants quite filled up all the ways ; " i. c. the roads throughwhich he passed were completely filled up witli this immeiise numberof elephants, of which he took care to make as great a display as

possible.

CHAFTER XXY.

Eomam projlciscerctur. " To proceed to Rome.". Observe the useof !(< with a subjiinctive mood. [§152,1.(2).] liomam. Accusativeof the ph^ce " whither." [§ 101.]

—

Bomanum esse. " To be aRoman." Romanum is the accusative of tlie complement after the

infiuitive essc, because sc, an accusative, precedes. [§ 94, (1) and(2).]— (^cslme for desivisse, perfect infinitive of desino. It takes

Bc before jt as its subject. [§ 94, (1).]

—

Bomanis suasit. 'Per-»\iaded the Romans." Bomanis is the dative after trajective verb

wuasit. [§ 107-]

—

iUos rnim. " For (he said) that they;" i.e.

NOTES TO lUv. U. CII. XXVJ.—XXVIIl. 73

tbo Carthaginians. Supply dixit.—tol casifnis. " By bo manymisfortunes."

—

nuUam spe,n. " No hope ;" t. e. of final success.

—

se

non tanti isse. " That he was not of so great a. value." Obsorvethat tanti is here the elliptic genitivo of tlic price. Supply prttii.

[§ 128, rt.]

—

soian. Accusativo of scncr.—mrjavit se tnansurina." He said that he would not remain." Mansurum is the futureinfinitive of manco. Supply cssc.—A/ris servicrat. " Ile had beena slave to Africans ;

"i. e. tiie Cartliaginians. Afris is the dative

afler trajective verb scrvicrat, which is for servivcrat, pluporfect in-

dicative of fifr^w. [§ 106, {i).]—regr^ssus iffitur. " Ho returned,tliercfore, and." Observc, again, tlie use of the participle with averb, wliere the English idiom would emploj' two vcrbs joiued by" and."

ciiAPTEH xx-\n.

DcmcrscB. "Were Bunk." Supply sunt.—ceicree. " The re«t.

Supply navcs.—alius quoque consul. " The other conaul also ;"

i. e.

L. Jucius.

—

salvuni hahuit. " Saved." Literaliy, " had safe."

CHAPTER XX^ai.

Catulo bellum, ^c. " Tho war against tho Africans was entrusted

to Catulus." Catulo is the dative after the trajective verb commissumest. [§ 106, a.]

—

quadringentas. Supply navcs.—cBgcr. " (Though)ill."

—

dcmerscs. Supply sunt.—capta. "Were made prisoners."

Supply sunt. Observe that capta is in the gender of millia.—occisa.

"Wcie slain." Supply ^w^.

—

rcdactum. " Was brought." Supplyest. Perfect indicative of redigor.—sc.tto. " On the sixth day."

Supply c??V. Ablative of time. [§120.]

—

Idus Martias. " Before

the Ides of March." Supply antc, which is usually omitted in cx-

pressions akin to the present. The Ides of March wcre on thfl 15tli

of the month. The sixth day previous to them will thcrefore be the

ttnth of the month.

—

cx jisco. " From the exchequer." A writer

who had lived in the days of which Eutropius is speaking, wouldhave employed the term eerarium. Tho torm fiscus did not comeinto use till the time of the Empire, and even then it was morestrictly and correctly used of the privy purse of the emperors.

—

solveretiir. " Should be paid." Supply ut.

CHAPTER XXVIII.

Quw civitas, ^'C. "Which (city) was in former times a powerful

city of Italy." Observe tho construction of the relative pronounquee. It ^'^lates to Faliscis, and by attraction agrces with civitas.

[§ 159.]— (^'i'-oJ. " And this." Observe that quod relates to bcllum:

and also thc eniployment of the relative for thc demonstrative and aconjiiiirtioii. See article qui in Vocabulary.

—

quam vencrant. " Aftcv

that they had come (thcre)." Befure quam supply ^osica.

—

trans-

egerunt. " Concluded." Perfect \n^\czM\\c oi transigo.—exmcdietate." From the midst

;" i. c. from the intervening country.

S

74 NOTES TO BK. III. CH. I.—VIII.

BOOK III.

CIIAPTERS I. III.

Finito igitur, ^-c. " AAIiod, tlierefore, tlie Punic war was finislied."

Tliis Wiis the first Puuic war

—

ci hdlum intiderat. Ei is the dative

depeudent on the coiuponnd yerb intulerat. [§ 106, «.]

—

acl ludos

sjpcctandos. "To bc a'spectator at the games." Spcctandos is ageruudive. [§ 143.]

—

Triuinphatum. Supply cst.— Carthaginienses,

8fc. The construction is ;" Carthaginienscs tum tcntahant reparare

bella, imiKllcntcs Sardinicnscs, qui dchehant parerc Eo^nanis ex condi-

tione 2^ocis, ad rchcllandum.—Bomanis parerc. "To be subject to

the Eomans." Eomanis is the dative dependent on the trajective

verb 'parerc. [§ 106, (4).]

—

ad rchellandum. " To rencw the war."

Echdlandum is the accusative of thegerund, governed 'bj ad. [§ 141,

{!).']— quod. " Which (thing)." Quod relates to preceding sentence.

[§ 156 (3).]

CHAPTEES rV. VI.

In deditionem accepcrunt. " They rcceivcd upon capitalation ;

"

i. e. many kings surreudered themselves and their countrics to the

Romans.

—

conscnsit. " "Was unanimous ;

" i. c. thsy all had but onefeeling, and that was for the Eomans.

—

traditum cst. " It has been

recorded." Literally, " It has been handed down ;

" i. c. to memory.—^ocr consulcm tantim. "By means of the consul alone;" i. c. the

consul with the Eoman army aloue, witliout the aid of the Italiau

Statcs.

—

dccretus. Supply cst.—stipiti. " On a stake," or tbe trunkof a yoiing tree. Dative after im])osita, a participle of a compoundverb. [§§ 142 ; 106, «.] "When the comraander of a Eoman armyslew the commandor of thc Iiostile army, the spoils, which he took

from his slaughtered foe, were termed spolia opnma. The circum-

stance here mentioned shows tbe way in which a trophywas originally

erected. The arms of the enemy were placed on a stake or trunk

of a small tree, all arranged in due order, and forming, as it were,

the figure of a man in armour. On the present occasion Marcellua

carried tliis emblem of his victory over tlie Gallic chicf {humeris) oii

his shouldcrs.

CHAPTEHS VII. VIII.

Perdomiti sunt. Perfect indicative of perdomor.—Eonianis ami-

cam. " Friendly to the Romans." Eomanis is dative after the

trajective adjective amicam. [§ 106, (3).]

—

annum agens, ^c.

"When in the twcntieth year of his age."— miserunt. " Sent

(ambassadors)."

—

ne gcrcrct. "Not to wage." [§ 152,1.(2)]

—

reddita. "Were returned." Supply sunt. [§ 158.]

—

captique ab

tfannihale. '•' And aftcr havino: been taken b}' Hannibal; " i.e. aftcr

NOTES TO BK. -.11. CIT, IX.—XVII. 75

their city was ; for vcry few of tho inhabitaiits -wore made priconcrs,

The sicgc lastcd ciglit months ; and the phice •nould have hcld out

much loiigor, had not, as the historian tells iis, tho people " beenBubdued by faminc." When Ilannibal got posscssion of the city, the

inhabitants, rathcr than fallinto hishands, sot fire to thcir houscs, in

which they had coUected their most valuablc propcrty, and then threw

themselves into tho flamcs. The siege and taking of Saguntum wasthe originating cause of the sccond Punic war.

—

Scmproniiia. Supplyj)rof(ctui> cst.— cognito, <.fc.

" Whcn he was informed of the arrival

of Hannibal in Italy." Literally, the arrival,&c. having been known.Ablative absohite. [§ 12o.] Cognilo'\s pcrfcct participleof co^?ifl-

scor.—Ariminitm. " To ^Vriminum." Acc. of the place " whither "

[8 101-]

CHAPTERS IX.—XI.

Primus occurrit. " Was the first that met."

—

rcdiit. Perfect in-

dicative of rcdco.—confligit. Supply cnm illo ; i. e. HannibaL Ob-serve the use of the historic prcsent.

—

vincitur. Observe again the

use of the liistoric present.

—

viissus. Supply cst.—vicit. Supply cnm.—calidv.m ct impatientem. This is opposed in meaning to diflerendo

pugnam.—Bomani gravius acccpti sunt. " Were the Romans moreseverely handled ;

" t. e. than they wero on this occasion.

—

quodmmquam antL "(A thing) which (had) uever before (been done)."

Supply faciiim erat.—Bomanis paruerant. "Had been subject to

the Romans." Literally, " had obeyed." Bomanis is the dative

dependent on the trajective verb paruerant. [§ 106, (4).]

—

ad rcpar-

andas vircs. " To recruit Iiis forces." Bcparandas is a gerundivo.

[§ 143.]

CHAPTERS XII. XIV.

Ipse qv.oquc. " Himself also ;" i. c. Philip.

—

ca. "That ;

" i.e. Sard-

inia.

—

allerum Hasdrubaltm. I-ivy, xxiii. 34, says ho "was callc-d

Calvus : i. c. bald.

—

is. "He;" i. e, Hasdruhal Calviis.—subacta.

Supply cst.—ad quartum. mUliarium urbis. "To the fourth milestone

ofthe city;" i.e. to within four miles of tho city.

—

eqv.itcs cjus.

Supply acccsserunt.— integer. "Entire;" i.e. it was not slaughtered

nor scattcrcd.

—

virtute. " By valour;"». c. of the enemy. Withvirtute wc must supplysomeother word, sucli as overpowered. Livy,

XXV. 33, mcntions that in the action their Ccltiberian allies passed

ovcr to Hasdrubal.

—

regc AsicB. " A king of Asia ; " t. c. a king whosedominions were in Asia. The king herc mentioned, Attalus, wasking of PcrgamuSj in Asia Minor.

CHAPTEHS XV. XVIT.

Natus. " Being of the age of," Litcrally, " having been bom."—cnnos. Accusaave of time. [§ 102, (1).]

—

Bormnorum omnium.E 2

76 NOTES TO BK. 1/, CH, I. II.

" Of all the Eomane." Bomanorum is the gt iiitive of tlio " thing

distributcd" iifter priynus used partitively, [§ 130.]

—

victuin fugat." He coiiquers and puts to flight." Literally, "Ile puts to (light

having Leon conquercd." riciem; i.o, Indibilis.

—

priinns oimiium." He was tbe first of all -who." Observe that omnium is the geni-

tive of the "thing distributed" after frinms, used partitively.

[§ 130.]

CHAPTEES i.Vin. XXI.

Et ijtsL "They too ;" i.e. the Eomans.

—

tenehantur ah. " "Werein tho hands of." LiteraUy, " u-ere beinp;' held by." Observe theforce of the imperfect tense.

—

missus. "Was sent." Supply es^.

—

viro. Dative dependent on compound verb incsse. [§ 106, a.\—qudrc auditd. " And when this thing ^vas heard of." Observe that qudrehites to the previous senteiiee, and agrees vrith re by attraetion.

[§ 159.]

—

captivos, cfc. " (That) they should give up the prisoners

and deserters." Sup^jly ut.

CHAPTEES XXII. XXIII.

Quibus priiis. " On which (it had) before (been granted)."

—

addita." There were added (however)." Supply sunt.—novam j^crjidiam.

" New treachery." The Carthaginians, who had just prenouslyconcluded an agreement with the Eomans, had broken it on the

arrival of Hannibal in Africa.

—

infcrtur Carthagini hellum. " War is

waged against Carthage." Carthagini is the dative dependent on the

compound verb infcrtur. [§ 106, «.]

—

per castra. " Throughout his

camp;" i.e. through every part of it.— dimittique. " And that they

shoiild be sent awaj'." Supply eos.—tct rcnunciarent. " In ordor

that they might report (those things)." Observe the omission of the

demoustrative ea before the foUowing relative.

—

inventa. "Werefound." Supply siMi^.

—

octoginta. " Eighty pounds." Supply 2J0?!c?o

only, and not millia with it.

BOOK IV.

CHAITEHS l. n.

Macedonicum. Supply hcUum.—ei ; i. e. to Philip.

—

his legihus.

" On these tcrms " or " conditions."

—

ne hellum infernt. " That heehould not wage v!-av."—tit rcddcret. "That he should give up."

—

h.ahcrct. " (That) he should liave." Before this and the foUowingiroperfects subjunctive supply ut.—quihus voluit conditionihus. " Onwhat terms he chose." This is an elliptical cxpression for tis condi-

KOTES TO UK. IV. Cll. in.—3C. 77

UonUnu, quibus voluit accipcre eum.—durii ante currum. See article

triumjphits in Vocabulary.

CHAPTBRS III.—y.

Syriacum. Supply bellum.—Eomanis auxilio fuissct. "Ile liad

aided the Eomans." Literally, "hu liad been for an aid to the

Komans." Observe the employment of the double dative

—

i.e. thedative of the thing as a complement, and the dative of the recip-

ient—after fuissct. [§ IQ^.^—fusus cst. Perfect indicative of

fundor.—auxilio fuit Romanis. [§ 108.]

—

intra Taurum. It niu.st

be intended by Eutropius to mean, that Antiochus was to confino

himself to the easteru side of the ridge, and ahogefher -withdrawfirom the western side and Asia Minor. That portion of it hcrospoken of sc-parates Lower from U]>per Asia, and hencethe cxpression

in the text.

—

appellabatur, " Used to be called." Observe the forca

of the imperfect tense.

CHAPTEES VI. TII.

Utrisqxce se csquum prcehuit. " Showed himself cqual to each."

Literally, "aiforded." The moaning of the passage is that heremained nenter. So also says Livy, xl. 49.

A rege ; i. c. Pcrseus.

—

rcgi pctenti, ^c. " Nor would the Eomans,however, alAough (they had been) overcome, grant peace to the

king sceking to make peace." Bfffi is dative after trajective vcrbpresstare. [§ 106, a.]—missus. Supply cst.—Anicius. Supplymissxis est.—pcrfecto. " Having been comj;letely ended."

—

anti, ^'C.

" It was known that Gentius was conquered before that it began to

be announced that tho war had commenced." "With both victum audceeptum supply esse.—iertio nonas Scptembris. " The third dny before

the noncs of September." Supply ante. [§ 158.]

—

habuit honorem ci.

" Treated him -vrith honour." Literally, " had honour to him."

—

»2071 quasi victo. " Not as if (he liad been) conquered ;" i. e. not liko

a vanquished foe.

—

vulentem, ^r. " He suflfered him not, (wh^n)

wishing to fall at his feet, (to do so)." Aftcr pcrmisit supply cadera

ad pedes ejus. Observe, also, that sibi, and presently afterwards se,

refer to .fflmilius.

—

ut apparerct. "In order that it might be seen."

Observe the use of the subjunctive mood after the final conjunction

ut. [§ 152, L, (2).]

—

pavit. "Feasted." Literally, "fed," pcrfect

indicative oi pasco.—ejusdem hominis, SfC. " That it ought to belong

to the same person." Hominis is genitive of "possessor" after

esse. [§ 127.]—The subject of debere is the following sontonce.

[§156,(3).]

CHAPTEHS VIII. X.

Tnusitatce magnitudinis. " Of unusual sizo." These words form a

genitive of qnality. 11128.]

—

scxdccim ordincs. " Sixteen baiiks."

78 NOTES TO BK. IV. CII. XI.—XIV.

If repoTt be tnie, this must havo been indecd a most uuusually large

ehip, whcn we roflcct that ordinary vessels of war had only three

such banks {trircmcs) ; while those having five {quinquercmes) were

considered first-rate vessels.

—

remorum. " Of oars." Observe hera

the use of the thing for the pernon, or what grammarians call the

abstract for the coucretc. The oars are namod iustcad of those whonsed thom, the rowers. So we say in English so many hayonds,

iustead of so many 5oW/ers, cjr.

—

utroquc latrre. " On eithcr side." ,

It-Jyas customary for a triumphaut geueral to be ji^conij^aniciilLhis

chariot hy his youhg children, if he had auy." These. howevor, were 1

not its only occupants with hini. Se was attended Ijy a public|

slave, holdiug in his hand au Etruscan crown, who from Lime.to

lime whispered in hls ear, Ecsjpice iiost te : ko7>iincm mcmento te. I

"Look behind you : remcmber that you are mao;" that TS,~io6k-^

upon me : I, as well as yoiu-self, am a man ;you, like me, may, by tha.\

fortuue of war, oue day be a slave : aud thereiore be u.ot proujl wkli i^

ypiir present iovt\xxie.—annos. Accusative of duration of time. [§

l'02, {l^.l—cquitaiui. " The cavaby." The dative after the com-pound xcvh prcecrat. [106, a.]

—

committere. " To eugage (in battle)."

Supply inignam or proclium.

cnAPTERs XI.—xrr.

Quaclragi7ita quatuor filiis rdictis. " Having left forty-four sons."

According to Sallust he left ouly three legitimate sons, amongst whomhis kiugdom was divided, Micipsa, Mastanabal, and .Gulussa. Thosame historian adds, that the two latter died, and left Micipsa sole

king.— Scipioncr/i divisorcm rcgni esse jussit. See article jubco in

Vocabulary.

—

-juvcnis adliuc. " (Though) still a young man." This

Scipio, called Scipio Africanus the Younger, was made cousul at

thirty-six years of age, though the Villian law forbade the enjoyment

of that houour to auy under forty-three. Aulus Gellius, x. 28, tells

Tis the distinctiou of age amongst the Eomans was as follows. Theterm 'pucr applied to those uuder seveuteen. Between seventeen andforty-six a persou was a,Juvcnis. After forty-six he became a senior

or scncx.—ibi. " There ;

" i. e. in Carthage.

—

inventa. Supply sunt.—excidiis. " Out of the overthrow." Observe the use of the plural wordto denote several repeated instances of destruction.

—

qitce sua reco-

gnosccbant. " Whicli they knew again (as) their own." Obserre the

use of the two accusativcs after the factitive verb recognoscehant.

[§ 99.]

—

in potcstatem sucun redcgit. "Erought back under his

powcr." Observo that suam refers to Metellus, bccause that is the

principal word in the sentence. [§ 145.]

—

civitati is in apposition

with Corintho implied iu Corinthiis.—propter injuriam- " On ac-

count of the ill-treatment." Tho Corinthiaus first insulted the Komanambassadors, and afterwards beat them.

—

Africani. Triumphus ia

uaderatood before Africani, Mctelli, and Mimmii.

NOTKS TO BK. IV. CH. XV.—XXVII. 79

CHAFTEKS XV.—XVII.

Eomanis. Dative aftcr trajective verh placuisse. [106, (3).]

—

utinjuriam soluti /oedcris vindicaretit. " la order that they mightavenge the injury of the brokeu treaty ; " i. e. that they might revengethemselves upou Maucinus for the injury they sufftred from the

trcaty being hvdkexi.—famc confccit, ^r. " He wore o ,t by famine,

and razed to thc rjround." Literally, " oveithrew from the ground ;"

f. e. he destroycd all the buildings from tho very foundation. 01»»

serve the combination of ideas in Nuniantiam. Wiih confecit it

denotes its inhabitants; •with avertit, its buildings. This figure is

called seugma.

CHATTILKS XVIU.

—

XXVII.

Pnoreni cgerat. Supply triumphum.—bcllum gravissimum. TheMithridatic war began a. u. GGi. Its duration isuncertain; probably

it lasted about thii-ty years. Eutropius appears to havo here fallen

into an error ; tho Mithridatic war was carried on against Mithri-

datcs VII., sumamed Eupator, and the Great, the son of the prcsentMithridates.

Smymm. "AtSmyrna." [§ 121, B. rt.]

—

Crasso. Observe the

use of the dative instcad of the genitive after successor.— duo, ^-c.

" The two brothers of Metellus." M. Crecilius Metellus triumphedover the Sardi ; C. Cacilius Metellus, over the Thracians aud Mace-donians. The Capitoline Marblcs state that Puhlius, uot Caius,

Metellus, was consul.

—

fratres. They wcro by birth his cousins, but

by adoption his brotlaors.

—

pcr fratrctn. " By his brothcr " (Aulus),

who attackcd Jugurtha in the absence of Spurius Albinus, and wasdefeated,

—

fertio 7nissus, ^c. The construction is: Quintits Ccecilius

Metcllus consul, missus tertib, rcduxit ad Bomanani discipUnamexercitum, correctum ingoiti scvcritate ct modcratione, ciim faverct

nihil cru^iitumin qu/.mquam.— teriib. " In the third place;" i.e.

this was the third general sent against the usurper. The fii-st wasEestia ; the secoud Albiiius.

—

ingcnti scveritaic ct modcratione." With great strictness and discretion." On his arrival in Afi-ica,

Metellus found the IComan army utterly relaxed in discipliue, andconsequently unfit and unable to copo with the enem}'. By strict

observance of disciplinc, joined lo a judicious discretion in his pro-

ceedings, Metellus soon restored the soldiers to such a state as

became Eomans.— cm??j nihil, ^c. " Although he uscd to oxercise

no cruelty against any one." Literally, "to do nothing bloody ;

"

i. e. nothing in which cruor, or blood, was shcd.

—

hcUo. " And whenhe was now on the point of putting an end to the M-ar." Dative after

positunis.—succcssum est ci, <^c. Ei is dative after compound verb

Bucccssum est. [106, «.]

80 NOTES TO BK. V. Cll. I.— 111.

BOOK V.

CHArTEE I.

Geritur. " Is Loiug •wagcd.'' Observe tlie force with whicli the

use of tho historic present brings the transaction before the mind.

—

quantus vix. " As great as searcely (-was the fear)." Supply tinior

fuit.—timor ne. "Forfoar that." See article ne in Yocabulary.

—

diiatus cst ci. " Was conferrcd on him." Literally, " was brought

down to him."—^^j/-oi'ra/i€ftai!i(r. "Was being protracted." Observe

the force of the imporfect tense ; viz. as speaking of a past action yet

continuing

—

jiroptcr quod mcritum. " And for this service." Liter-

ally, "on aceount of which desert." Observe the use of tho relative

for tlie demonstrative with et.—absens. " In his absence." Liter-

ally, " absent." The people -were so pleased with his success that

though he did not pr sent himsolf as a candidate, they conferred the

consulate on him, and that for the fifth time.

CHAPTER ir.

Adhuc. " Still;

" i. c. notwithstandingthelossthey had recently sus-

tained, as meutioned in a previous chapter.

—

aparte. " On the side."

—-felicius. ""With greater success." Literally, "more fortunately ;

"

i.e. thesuccess of Catulus •was greater than that of his colleague.

—capta. "Were made prisouers." Supply sunt.—trccenti milites.

" (Only) tliree himdred soldiers."

—

Cimbris. "From the Cimbri."

Dativo after trajectivc rerb sublata sunt, which is the perfect indica-

tivo of follor.—duo. Supply signa. So with triginta ; and with unumsupply sigmnn.—is bclUjinisfuit. " That was the conchision of the

war." Observe the use of is in concord vrithjinis, instead of being in

the nouter, to agree with the preceding sentence. [§ 159.]

—

utrique.

Supply considi.—decretus cst. "Was decreed;" i.e. by the senate,

to -whom it belonged to determine whether or not a triumph should

be granted.

CHAPTER in.

Annis. Ablative of time. [§ 120.]

—

poimlo. Dative afler tra-

jective verb obcdirent. [§ 106, (4).]

—

libcrtatcm, cf-c. " (Neverthe-

less) at that time began to claim equal liberty for themselves ; " i. e.

both liberty and equality n'ith the people of Rome.

—

A Eomanis." Ou the side of the Eomans."

—

unum. " One (only)." Supplymilitem.—midta strc7ii'J cgissct. " He had performed many valiant

deeds." Literally, " he had performed many things valiantly."

Prcetor. " As praetor." Anciently all magistrates were caUedprtetors. Thus the dictutor is stylcd jyraior maximus by Livy, vii. 3.

Subsequently the name was attacliod to particular magistrates, whorankcd next to the consiil. Thcre were t-wo only of them, while the

Roman Empire was confined to Italy. Of these, the first and prin-

cipal one administered justice to the citizons, and was called praetor

NUTES TO i;k. V. Cll. IV.—IX. 81

urbanus and honoratus; tlip othor attontltKl to foroiguors, and washenco named /5r«/or pcregriinia. In tlie abecnco of tlie cousuls the

praetors exercised consular autliority in tlio city. Somotimes thoy

had tho command of an army givon them; but this was nottheir proper offico. In afler times tho numbcr of pnctors wasmuch inereased.

CHAPTEn IV.

Primum Bellum Civile. " Tho first civil war;" i.e. ^var of citizen

vrith citizen.

—

gesiurus mittcrctur. " Was boing sent for tho purposeof carrying on."

—

tcneret. " Was kceping ;

" i. e. detaining.

—

belli

Socialis. " Of the social war ;" ». e. with iheir (socii) allies.

—

de quodixintus. " Of which wo havo mado mention." Eutropius mcanshere tho war with tho Picentes and Marsi, as mentioncd in precedingchapter.

—

affcctavit ut, ^x. " Anxiously aspired tobeing himself sent,"

&c., or " aimed studiously at," &c.

—

primus ingressus est. " Ho wasthe Grst who entered." Theso words may bo intorprotcd to niean,

either that he entered tho city first of the rival and contendingparties, or that he was tho first Eoman who entcrod tho city as amilitary commander with troops ready to commit hostilities; it beingthe custom and law of Eomo that all generals, with their troops,

ehould remain outsido the gates. Whichevcr interpretation bo given,

the rondering will be correct ; but perhaps tho latter is tho moreforcible and graphic.

—

considibus ordijiatis. "When consuls hadbeen appointed." This expression seoms covertly to imply that Sulla

had taken the- matter into his own hands, and fixed who should baconsuls.

CHAFTEB V.

In circuitu cum Bosporo. " In its winding, together with the

Bosporus ;

" /. e. Mithridates possessed the whole coast of AsiaMinor, along all the windings of the coast of the Euxine, fromhis own kingdom of Pontus to the Bosporus inclusive.

—

tenebat.•' Was holding

;

" i. e. was in possession of.

—

Nicomedem. This waaNicomedes tho Third.

—

se; i. e. Mithrit^ates.

—

ci; ». e. Nicomedes.

CHAPTEES VI.— IX.

Eeliqua Grescia. "The rest of Greece;" i.e. the Peloponnosus,now Morea; also tho Greek islands, colonies, and dependencies.

—

urbem ; i. e. Athens.

—

commisit. Supply prcelium. This engagementtook place near Orchomenus, in Boeotia.

—

sectindo. Supply prcdio.

[§ 158.] This took place on the day aftor tho former ono.

—

triduo.

" For a spaco of three days." Ablativeof time. [§ 120.]

—

nuduslatuit." Lay concealed in a state of nakodness." Appian montions that

after this he escaped in a small vessel to Chalcis in Euboea.— Datu-rum essc. Supply paccm MilhridatL—his rclicfis, quis occupaverat." Aftor having given up thoso fplace-i) that hohad soized." Litorally,

•'Tho.se haviug boen left."—Supplv ^oc/a.

—

rediisset. " Shall havak3

82 NOTES TO liK. VI. CII, I. XI.

retiu-ned." Observo tho nso of the pluperfect subjimctivo to markfutm-e-perfect tirae.

—

a tergn. " In his roar." Literally " from his

back."

—

orans ut patria subveniret. " Entroating (hira) to come to

the assistanco of his country." Patriai is clative after trajective

\evh subvcniret. [§ lOG, rt.]

—

urban; ?'. c. Eome.

—

Prcsneffc/n ." To

Prseneste."—Accusativo of the j)laco "whithcr." [§ 101.]

—

qiiem

adolesccntem, ^-c. The construction is : Qucm aclolcscentcm, natumnnuni ct vigintl annos, industrid <jus cogniioL, Sulla prafeccrat cxerc-

itibus traditis, ut habcrctur scciindus a Sulla.—quem adolcsccntem." "Whora, (though) a 3'oung man."

—

annos. Accusative of duration of

tirae. [§ 102, (1).]

—

traditis. "Wliich had been surrendered (to

him)." Supply «'.

—

sccundus a Sulld. " Next to Sulla." Literally," socond from Sulla."

Quod. " (A thing) Mhich." Observe the relative clause comingbefore the demonstrative for emphasis. Quod relates to the foUow-ing sentence.

—

Italicum, Sociale, civile. In each case supply bellum.

BOOK VI.

CHAPTERS I. TII.

Impar pugncs. " Unequal to the contest." PtcgncB is dative after

trajective adjective imjMr. [§ 106, (1).]

—

post considatim. " After

his considship ; " i. e. nhen his year of ofSce had espired.

—

morbomortuus cst. " Died a natural death." Literally, " by sickness

;

"

i.e. not by the sword, &c.

—

primus omnium Eomanorum. " He wasthe first of all the Eomans who," &c. Eomanorum is genitive of" thiugdistributed" ?iitev prinms, used partitively. [§ 130.]

—

ohscs-

sus. Supply est. [§ 158.]

—

ohsedit cum. " Blocked him up."

—

fameqice consumpsit. " And wasted (liim) by famine;" i. e. hewasted his forces.

—

gerebat. " Was -wagiug." Observe the force of

the imperfect tenso.

—

Capuce. [§ 121, B. «.]

—

hello is dative after

compound verb impositus. [§ 106, «.] With impositus supply cst.

[§ 168.]

CHAPTERS VIII.—XI.

Buo taniicm, ^r. " Only two severe wars."

—

Mithridaticum et

Macedonicum. In each case supply bellum.—hcEC. Supply bella.—navcdem. Sup-plj pugnam.—rcgnum ejus. " His kingdom." This

was Pontus.

—

Icctissima. "Most chosen (troops)." After millia

supply miiitum.—dircpta. Supply sitnt.—cidem sublata est. " Wastakon fi-om him also." Eidcni is dative after ti-ajective verb sublata

est.—agcntes se. " Condueting themsolves."

—

ncgligcnttr ct avare.

"AVi^h carelessness and avarice."

—

irrumpendi. "-Qf making anirruptiou." Literally, " of brcalcing into." Irrumpendi is agerund in di, depending on occasimicm, [§ 141, {2).'\— Lucidlus.

Supply triumphaiit.— mancntc Mithridatico. " While the Mithri-

datic (war) was remainiug." Supply bello.

NOTES TO UIC. VI. CII. Xll.

—XX. 83

CHAPTKH XII.

Ddatunt. Supply fi-7.

—

Mithridatcs cum itxorc /ttgit. " Mithri(Li-

tes and his wife lltd witli two attcndants." Obsorve that, when aunblatire govorncd by cum foUows a uominativo, tho vorb foUowingought strictly to bo in the plural, as tho ciim with its case is equival-

ent to it and anothor nominative. .Sometimes, howovor, the verb is

in the singular, as here. [P. 133, F.] Tho uomiuativo in this con-

Btmctioa poiuts out tho more important porson.

—

coactus ad mortem.

•'Having beon drivcn to dostroy himsclf." Litorally, "having boonforced to deatli."

—

ingcntis industria consiliique. " Of great activity

and skill." Those are genitives of tho quality. [§ 128.]

CUAPTER3 XIII.— l^.

Ei, dative aftor trajectivo verb adcmpta est.—nohilissimi generis,

^c. " Of a most noble family, but most wicked disposition."

Genitive of quality. [§ 128.]

—

ad delcndam, ^-c. " Formed a con-

Bpiracy for the destniction of his country." Delcndam is a gerundive.

[§ 143.]

—

urbe. " From the city ;" 2. r. Eomc.

—

Pompeius. Supply ^/-j-

umpJiavit.—avlla triumphi, ifc. "Notriumphalprocession wasoverlike(this)." Litcrally, not any procession of a triumph.

—

ante eum ; i. e.

previously to his timo.

—

ne nomen quidem. " Not cven the name."Observe that ne and quidem are never wiutten together ; some wordcomes between them, and that word they strongly qualify.

—

tributi

nomine. " Under the term of tributo."

—

immanissimis prceliis. " Inmostsevere engagomcuts." Literally, "cruel;" meaning engagementsiu which cruelties and atrocities wero practised.

—

successUs. " Suc-ccsscs." Accusativo plural.

—

contra omina. "Against the omcns ;

"

I. e. those manifested tokens of tho Divine will from prodigies. Theomens hore alluded to are, that one of tho standards for a long timoresisted the efforts of those, wlio attempted to puU it out of the

ground; and that another, while boiug couveyed across the rivor, wasforced out of tho hand of its bearer, and swept down the strcam.

—

perdiias res. "Thoir ruined circumstances."

—

-jussus. Supplyci^.

—

congregatos. " Collected togetlier."

—

fugit. Obaerve that this vcrbtakes the numbcr of the nominative nearcst to it {nohilitas), instcad

of being in tho plural, in which it woidd bo expoctcd to bo fromthe other uominative cases preceding. The rcason is, that nohilitas

is here the principal word ; i. e. the word to which most importance is

attached by the writor.

—

-fecit se. " Made himself." This is an error

on the part of Eutropius. Csesar was dictutor afterhe returncd fromSpain, and not before he proceeded to that country. Morcuvor, howas appointed by the senate ; he did not assume the oflBce ; and cvcuafter his appointment, he resigned it at the cnd of eleven days.

—

sequi noluit. " Would not engnge in a pursuit." Observe that seqiti

is here used in an intransitive force.— «cc Pompeium. "Thatboth Pompey did not know how to conquer."

—

et illo, ^-c. " Andthat, on that day alone, he, himself, could have been overcorae."

Observe that se applies to Caesar.

84 NOTES TO B. VII. C. I.— X.

CUAPTKRS XXI. XXV.

Mqjores, " Greater jn ntimlter."

—

mdiorilus ducilus. " Undorbetter commanders ;

" i. e. more experienced.

—

iutor datus fuerat." He had becn appointed guardian." Tutor is the nominativeof the

complemcnt dftcF datus fuerat. [§93,(2).]—gcncri. Pompey hadmarried Julia the daughtcr of Csesar ; and not till after her death

did -war break out betweeu them.

—

qud causd. " And on this ac-

count." Obscrvo that qud roktes to preceding sentence, but agrees

with causd by attraction. [§ 159.]

—

Ale.xa^idrid. Ablative after

jwtitus. [§ 119, a.]

—

rcdiens inde. " On his return from thence ;

"

i. e. from Egypt.

—

Ayiti annv.m. " During the year before." Observe

that antt is an adverb, and that annum is accusative of duration of

tirae. [§ 102, {!).']—idtimum. " The last (eugagement took place)."

^n-gT^lj 2}r(£lium Juit.—natus annos, ^-c. "Being fifty-six years of

.age." Annos is accusative of duration of time. [§ 102, (1).]

—

agere

insolentius. " To act iu a verj- haughty manner." This use of the

comparative, as a modified superlative, is not uncommon.

—

confossus

est. This occurred ou March 15, b.c. 44.

BOOK VIL

CHAPTEES I. V.

Percussoribus. " The assassins." Literally, " strikers." Dative

dependent on trajective verb favchat. [§ 106, (3).]

—

conahatur." Attempted." Observe the continued action implied by the

imperfect. [§ 158.]

—

rerum potitus. " Obtaiued the chief power(of the state)." With fof.tus supply cst ; rerum is the genitive

after it.

—

tres dticcs ; i. e. Octavianus, Pansa, and Hirtius.

—

vicerunt

nim. " Oonquered liim." This •\-ictory took place at Mutina (nowModena), in Cisalpine Gaul, b. c. 43. It may be here remarked,

tliat Eirtius and Pansa were the last consuls who enjoyed real

authority. After them, the cousuJar power became merely nominal.—Evcnit. "Itcame to T^-a.ss."— uni Ccssari. " Csesar alone ;" i.e.

Octavianus, vrho, as Eutropius has just mentioned, took tLe name of

Ccesar by his uncle's \rill.—^.^atris sui. " Of his father ; " i. e. of

Julius Csesar, by whom he had been adopted.

—

amio, Supiply CBtatis

su(B.—cum Antonio tt Lcjndo. This 'svas the second triumvirate.

The first was that of Julius Csesar, Pompey, and Crassus, B. C. 60.

—

secundo. Supply prcelio.—neque occisus. " And was not killed."

Supply cst.—bellatum. " War was -waged." Supply est,

CHAPTEES VI. X.

Interfectus est. " He was killed." Not in the flight, but subse-quently, when he had been seizpd by Antony^s general, Titius, b.c.

35.

—

duxit t!.rcrcm. Tbe wife-whom he had divorced for Cleopatrawas Octavia, the sister of Augustus.—/a/zie ct pestilentid laboravU.

NOTES TO BK. Vll. CH. XI.—XIV. 85

" He was hai-d presscd by famine and sickness ;" i. e. bis army was.

—

pro victo. " Like one conqncrcd."

—

o-ptat. " Sho desircB." Historicprcsent.

—

in urhc. " In tho city ;" i. c. Romc.

—

qui locus. Obscrvothat qid rcfers to Actium, and iigrccs with locus by attraction. [§159.]

—

dco similis. " Like a god." [§106,(1).]

—

ut p<Bnc csquarct." That he almost niade thcm cqnal." Supply cos.—privignum suum,He was the son of Tibcrius Nero and Livia.— Tihcrium, privic/Jium

altertnn. This Tiberius was aftorwards omperor.

—

transtuUt. " Hocarricd over;" i. e. tho Ehino.

—

reccjnt. "He recovered."

—

quodnuUi antca. " (A thing) whieh they had provionsly dono to no one."

Su^p\y fecerant.—signa. "Standanls."

—

inimusqnc, ^-c. "AndM. Lollius, the pro-piTetor, was the first (person) •who govorned it."—tanto aittcm amore fuit. " Ho was, likewise, so much bcloved."

Literally"in fo great lovc."

—

togati. "Clad in the toga." Thetoga V7as a gown forining the extcrior and principal garment of tho

Eomans. Originally it was worn only in Rome and by citizens.

Foreigncrs were forbidden its usc, and so also were exiles. Thesocustoms, howcrer, gradually became obsolete. It was worn only

in pcace, the pahtdamentmn and sagum being tlie garb of war; tho

former belonging to the Eoman generals and officers, the latter to the

common soldiers. From their habitual use of the toga, the Eomanswere caUed gens togata and togati.

CHAPTEKS XI.—XrV.

Pcr lcgatds. " By means of his lieutenants." This line of conduct

is a proof of his socordia.—2^*^^ hlanditias. " By fair words."

—

nunquam rcmisit. "He nevcr sent back." This is an instance of

his crudilitas.—Cognomento = cognomi^ie.—Drusi, ^'C. " Tlie grand-

Hon of Drusus the stcpsou of Augustus, and tho grandncphew of

Tiberius himself." The word ncpos implies that twofold relation

given above. Tiberius and Drusus were both stcpsons of Aiignstus.

The latter was the father of Germanicus, the fathcr of Caliguhi.

The following genealogical tree is given to point out tho connection

of the early emperors :

—

Augustus (Ist Emp.) = Livia, whose Ist husband was Tiberius Nc-ro.

Tibenus (2nd Emp.) Drusus.

Qermanicus. Claudius (4th Emp.)

Caligulh (3rd Emp.) Agrippina = Ist. C. D. Ahenobarbus.

2ud. The Emp. Claudius,

her uncle.

Nero (.^th Eajp.)

86 NOii:s xo HK. vii. cn. xvi.—xviii.

et qui, ^c. " And (one) who eTon washed out the disgraceful deeda

of Tiberius." The tei-m 'purgo denotes tliat certain cxcesses, or evil

deeds, are made to appcar quite clean when conipared with certain

others.

—

tcrtio. Supply aHHo.

—

Drusi. TheDrusus here mentionedwas Nero Claudius, a sonof Tibcrius Nero andLivia, and was adopted

by Augustus, as well as his brother, tlie emperov Tiberius.

—

cujus.

i. c. Drusus.

—

ntpos. " Grandson." Caligula was tlie sou of Ger-

manicus; and he and Claudius were the two sons of Dnisus (the

brother of Tiberius, who succeeded Augustus in the empire).

—

medie." In a niiddle courso." Wliat is meant by this expression is presently

explained.— insuhe. " Foolishly."— nullus liomanorum. " NoRoman." Eomanorum is genitive of the " thing distributed" after

nullus used partitively. [§ 130.]

—

triumphantem. "In his triumph."

Litei-ally, " triumphing."

—

ct consccndcnti, ^c. " And walked on hia

left hand as he went up to the Capitoh" The Capitol, or temple of

Jupiter Capitolinus, was situated on a hill, the Tarpeian rock; andto this the triumphant general used to ascend, in order to offer

thauksgiving sacrifices. Hence the expression consccndcnti. Bywalking on the left of Plautius, and thus resigning to him the post

ji honour, Claudius seemed to deera him of more dignity and import-

ance than himself

—

avunculo. " His maternal uncle." Agrippinawas the sister of Caligula.

—

diminuit. " Lessened;" i. e. by the loss

of Armenia, as presently mentioned.

—

2(t qui. " Inasmuch as he wasone who." Ut is often used before qui, cjr. in explanation and proofof what has been advanced.

—

infinitam partcm. " A very large

portion."

—

ut ct saltaret, ^-c. " As both to dance and sing."

—

cithar-

cedico habitu vel tragico. " In the dress of a harper or a tragedian."

—

fratre. "Hisbrother" (by adoption, Britannicus).

—

uxore. Octavia,

Poppsea, and Antonia.

—

matrc. Agrippina.

—

oppida. These wereCamalodunum (Colchcster), and Loudinum (Lo7idon). To these

Tacitus adds Yerulamium (St. AIban's). This loss occurred at thetime when Boadicea stirred up the Britons to avenge the indignities

heaped by the Romans on her family. It is stated that in these wars70,000 Romans fell.

—

Romano orbi exsccrabilis. " Being detested bythe Roman world ;

" i.c. by all at Rome, and all subject to its sway.Orbiia dative after cxsecrabilis. [§ 107, d-']—dc saxo. "From therock ;

" i. c. the Tai'peian. This was the common punishinent of

all malefactors.

CHAPTERS XVI. XVIII.

Antiquissim<s nobilitatis. " Of a rery ancient and noble family."Literally, " of very ancient nobihty." This is the genitive of quaUty.[§128.]

—

scpultus. " Was buried." Supply f5i!. So yrith jugulatus.—invasit imperiicm. "Seized on the empire." LiteraIIy,."fell upon,"" attackcd; " and hence as translated.

—

tanti. " Of so great import-ance." Tanti is elliptie genitive of priee or value. Supply^rc^u.

[§ 128, a.]

—

-familidhonoratd. Ablative of quality. [§ 115.]

—

ordin-arios consulatus. " Consulships after the usual manner." Underthe emperors it was customary for persons to hold the office of consnl

NOTES To liK. VII. Cll. XIX. 87

for a few montbs, or eviu woeks. The persons who cutered on thoeousulship ou the first of Jauuary, were CJillod ordinarii, aud gavetheir name to tho year; tbose who were appoiuted in their sti-ad,

wheu thej resigned their post were termcd 6ujfic(i ; i.c. made in theBtead of another.

—

ftratur cpidatits. " He is roported to have fcasted

four timcs, or (even) fivo tinus in a day." Supply essc.—appositatraduntur. "Are relatcd to have been set before him." trupply

esst.—atque id, tfr. " Aud so openly manifested this."

—

exsequias.

"Eemains." Literally, " fimeral obsequies."

Qu(m cuiu CapitoUo inccndit. "Whom he burned together witii

the Capitol." Fhivius Sabinus, the brother of Vcspasian, wasgovernor of Eome {prcefictus vr/is). Vitellius had agreed to yield

the empire to Vcspasian, provided tliat Sabinus would guarantee his

persoual safety, aud securo him a certain sum of money and a retreat

in Campania. Circumstauces, howevcr, kd the soldiers who favoiired

the cause of Vitellius to attack Sabinus and his partisans in tho

Capitol ; and in the coui"se of tlie fray the tcmple caught fire, andwas bumed. Eutropius says Sabinus was bm-ncd in it. Tacitus,

from whom the foregoing particidars are takcn, statcs that Sabinuswas made prisoner; and that, beiug carriedin chains beforeVitellius,

he was stabbed and mutilated by tlie mob, which was gathered roundthe imperial pahice. (Tacit. Hist. iii. 74.)

—

intcrfcctus autcm cst.

" He was slain, howevor ;" i.c. Vitellius. Having stated this,£utrop-

ius goes on to relate the manner of his death.

—

mcdus. " Naked ;

"

i.e. in his tunic only.

—

ercctci coma ct capitc. " His hair being raised

upright, and his head (too)." It is evident that this is a corrupt

readlng. Perhaps the best emendation is that of Vinetus : rcdactA

coma ct capite, " his hair beiug dragged back, and his head ;" i. e.

his head being di*aggedbackby the hair.

—

su/>jccto admcntum gladio.

"A Bword having been placed close beneath his chin." Literally,

" haviiig been placed beneath close to his chin." This was to makehim hold up his head.— ai omnibus obviis. " By all who met him."

CJiArrEa xix.

Obscure quidem natus. " Boru, indeed, iu a humble station."

—

modcralissime se gcssit. " He conducted himself with the groatest

moderation."

—

pccu7ii<e tantinn, ^c. " Ouly he was too eager for

money." PccunicB is geuitive objective after avidior. [§ 132.]

—

nulli.

" Frcm no one." Dative after trajective verb auferret.—om?ii dilig-

enticB provisione. " With all diligent foresight." Literally, " with

all foresight of diligence."

—

studiosissime largiebatur. " He used to

bestow most liberalJy." Literally, " most eagerly."

—

pycecipue indig-

entibus. " EspecialJy ou the needy." Indigeiitibus is dative aftei

trajective verb largiibatur. [§ lOG, {3).]—placidissimcB lenitatis.

" A man most mild aud gentle." Literally, " of most mild geiitle-

ness." Genitive of quality.

—

iit qui. " Iiiasmuch as he was one who."—reosmajestatis. " Those accused of treasou."

88 NOTES TO BK. VU. Cll. XX.—XXIIl.

CHAPTEP. XX.

Offensarum. Geuitive dopendenf, on immemor. [§ 133.]

—

immemorfuit. " He was unmindful of ;

" i. e. he did not Lear in his memoiy.—coereitor. "Exactor."

—

genituram. " The nativity."

—

ita hahuit

cognitam. "He kne^v so intimately."

CUAPTEES XXI. XXIII.

Om7iium virtutum genere, iovomni virtutum genere. So Livy, i. 9,

as quoted by Verheyk, violati hospitii foediis, for violatum hospitii

faedus.—amor it ddicice, ^-0. " The love and dehght of maiikind."

—

diccrctur. " Used to be called."

—

causas egit. "He pleaded causes."—confixit. "He pierced."

—

convictos. " Those found guilty."

—

conjurationis. " Of conspiracy." GenitiveafterfOMwVi^os. [§133.]

—

qud antea. Supply halmit eos.— Facilitaiis tantce. Genitive of quality.

— disccdcre tristem. " To go away in sorrow." — «lAzY se cuiquamprcsstitisse, ^-c. "That he had on that daybestowed nothing on anyone."

—

qud pater. Supply pf?-/z7. -covgcssit. " Heaped together."

—

quantas, ^-c. " As they have given tohim neither (being) alive, norpresent, at any time."

—

odii. Genitive after the neuter adjective

tantim. [§ 131.]

—

poni. " To be erected."

—

solam lauream 'usurpavit.

"He assumed only a laurel (cro^wn)." Supply coro?ia?«. The success

was too trifling to merit a triimiph, aud hence he merely assumed alaurel crown in tokeu of victory.

—

intcrfccta. ^vi^^lj est.—irrcBfectus

prwtorio. " Commander of the imperial body-guard."

—

Forum trans-

itoriicm. So ealled because therc was a passage through it to three

other Fora. Domitian built it, and Nerva dedicated it. From the

latter emperor it was afterwards called Forum Nervse.

—

Serapcum." The temple of Serapis." Serapis, othenvise Osiris, vcas an Egyptiandeity, supposed to be the same as the sim.

—

exosus univcrsis. " Hatedby all." Vnivcrsis is dative after cxosus. [§ 107, d.]—ignobiliter

est sc^mUum. " Was meanly buried." The story is, that, after he%vas assasginated, his body wae refused interment; but Phyllis, his

Burse, stole it away, and buried it.

ABBREVLVTIONS IN THE VOCABULARY.

abl. .

acc. .

a. or actadj. .

ndv. .

comm. gencompconj.dat.

demonstr.esp.

etymf. .

fr. . .

fut. .

f?en. .

Gr. .

imperf.inch. .

ind. 01" indicindecl,

indef.

inf. or iii

intens.

interj.

intcrrog.

fin

m.

nV.ative.

accusative.active.

adjective.adverb.common gender.comparative degree.conjunction.d.itive.

demonstrative.e?peciall}'.

etymology.fcHiinine.

from.futiire.

penitive.

Greck.imperfect.inchoative.indicative.

indeclinable.indcQnite.infinitive.

intensive.interjection.

interrogativa.mascidijie.

n. or neut.nom.num.obsol.

pa.part.

pa?s.

perf.

plupcrf.

pl;;r.

pos.

poss.

prep.pres.

pron.pi-ps.

rel.

sing.

subj.

sup.

1. 1.

V. Cep.

rcutcr.nominativc.numeral.obsolete.participial adjcctive.

participle,

passive.

pcrfect.

plupcrfect.plural.

positive degrce.possessive.

preposition.

prcsent.pronoun.perhaps.relative.

singular.

subjunctive.superlative degree.technical term.verb active.

vcrb deponent.verb neuter.vocative.cqual to.

N.B.—The figores before v. &,_ . dep., and v. n., dcuotethe conjugatlon of the verb.

VOCABULARY.

ab, a, prep. gov. abl. 1. From.—2,AKay from, away.— 3. By, hy means of[akin to Sanscrit apa ; Gr. d77-o].

ab-duco, duxi, ductum, ducere, 3. v.

a. 1. To lead,or comlnct, away OY from.— 2. To tcitkdraie, remove.— Pass.: ab-ducor, ductus snm, duci.

ab-61-eo, evi and iii, ttum, cre, 2. v.

a. [ab ; root OL, " to grow "] (" To reverseor check the growth of anything ;

" hence)1. To ruin, deslroy, cause to perish.~2.To (ake aicay, remore, abolish. — Pass.

:

ab-ol-eor, itus sum, eri.

abs-ens, entis, adj. [abs-um] Amayfrom, ahsent.

abs-tineo, tiniii, tentum, tmere, 2. v.

a. and n. [for abe-tenco] 1. Act.: Tohohl hack or ojf.— 2. Neut.: To ahstain,

refrain. — Pass. : abs-tmeor, tentusEum, tineri.

ab-sum, fui, esse, v. n. To be aicay orfarfro7n.abundant-Ia, fe, f. [abundans,

abundant-is, " abounding"] Abundatice,copiousness, fulness.

ac. 1. And, ctlso. — 2. After wordsdenoting likeness or unlikeness : Than,as.

ac-cedo, cessi, cessum, ccdere, 3. v. n.[for ad-cedo] 1. To go, or come, to ortoicards ; to approach, draw nigh, come up.—2. To be added.accep-tus (for accap-tus), ta, tum,

part. perf. of accip-ior, through true rootACCAP.ac-cido, cidi, casum, cldere, 3. v. n.

[for ad-cado] 1, To fall upon or doxcnvpon.— 2. To happen, come to pass, fallout.

ac-cipio, cepi, ceptum, cipere, 3. v. a.

[for ad-capio] 1. To take to one's self; to

receive, tiike, get, obtain.—2. To perceice,observe, learn.—Pass. : ac-cipior, ceptussum, cipi.

acerb-itas, itatis, f. [acerb-us,"harsh"] (" The quality of the acerb-us;" hence) Ilarshness, moroseness, secer-ity.

Achaia, te, f. Achaia; a province inthe northern part of the Peloponnesus,on the Gulf of Corinth.Achillcs, is, m. Achilles; a Grcck

hero in the Trojan 'War ; son of Peleus,king of Thessaly, and of the sea-goddessThetis. In his infancy, it is said, hiamother plunged him into the Styx, thuamaking every part of uis body wliicli ita

water touched quite invulnerable. Thehcel,by which she lield him, was the onlypart which the water did not reach.Subsequently ho went to the siege olTroy, and was the bravest of the Greekwarriors there assembled. Having beendeprived by Agamemnon of Briseis, hefor a time retired from all share in thewar. The death of his friend Patroclus,however, aroused him to vengeance. Hejoined once more the Greek ranks, andslew Hector, whom he tiod by the heelsto his chariot and dragged thrice roundthe walls of the city. Subsequently hewas himself killed by Paris, who piercedhis vulnerable heel with an arrow.

ac-Ies, iei, f. [ac-uo, "tosharpen"](" That which is sharpened ;" hence) 1.An edge ov point of a thing.—2. An armyLn battle array.—3. A batlle.

AcHms, ii, m. Acilius; a Romacname.Actlum, li, n. Actium (nov^ Aiio); a

small promontorj' of the Sinus Ambracius(now " Gulf of Arta").ac-tus (for ag-tus),'ta, tiun, part.

perf. of ag-or, thi-ough root ag. 1. Led.—2. Oriven.—3. Done.ad, prep. gov. acc. 1. To.—2. Touards.

—3. By, at.—4. In addition.

ad-do, dldi, ditum, dere, 3. v. a. [ad

;

do, " to put"] To put io, to add.—Pass.

:

ad-dor, ditus sum, di.

ad-dvico, du:d, ductura, duccre,o. v. a.

1. To lead to or totcards.—2. To induce,persuade. — Pass. : ad-ducor, ductussum, duci.

1. ad-eo, adv. [for ad-eom ; fr. ad;eom— eum, acc. sing. of pron. is] (" Upto that ;" hence) 1. Sofar.—2. Moreover,besides.—3. In truih, indeed, even.

2. ad-eo, l^T andii.Itum, ire, V. n. Togo to, approach.

Adherbal, alis, m. Adherbal ; aNumidian prince, son of Micipsa.ad-huc, adv. [for ad-hoc ; fr. ad ; hoc,

ace. sing. neut. of prou. hic] (" IJp to

VOCABLLARY. 91

thla" Unie; henco) Vntil noir, as t/tl,

hUherto.

&d-Imo, tnji, emptum, ImCre, 8. v. a.

rfor ad-cmo ; fr. oil ; ob?olote emo, " to

take"] ("To take to one"8 sclf" from8UI illier ; lience) To take a\tay,remore.—Pas-.: fid-Imor, emptus sum, Imi.

fid-Ipiscor, cptus sum, Ipisci, 3. v.

dep. [ for ail - apiscor ; fr. ad ; apiscor," to reach or lay hold of "] 1. To ai-rive

al, reacfi.—2. To ohlain, acquire, altain,

gel.

adjec-tus (for adjac-tus), ta, tum,part. perf. of adjidor, tbrough true root

ADJAC.ad-jlclo, JL<;i, jectum, jlcere, 3. v. a.

[for ad-jacio] 1. To throw to.—2. To add.

—Pass.: adjlclor, jectus sum, jlci.

ad-j\ingo, junxi, junctum, jungCro,

3. V. a. To join lo or on to ; lo annex,adJ.—VoiS.: ad-jungor, junctus sum,junpi.

adju-tor, tOris, m. [for adjav-tor; fr.

adjuv-o] A helper, assistanl.

ad-mlnistro, mlnistra^n, mlnistra-

tnm, mlui.~trare, 1. v. a. [ad ; ministro," to servc"] To take in hand or lake

charge of; lo manage, direcl, gorern.—Pass.: ad-nilnistror, mlnistratus sum,mlnistrari.

admira-tlo, tlonis, f. [admir(a)-or]

1. Anadiniring; admiration.—2. Wonder,astonishment.

admira-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. of

admir(a)-or.ad-miror, rairatus sum, mirari, 1. v.

dep. 1. To tconder at.—2. To adinirc.

ad-mitto, misi, missum, mittOre, 3.

V. a. To allow, or permit, to go lo a i)la<je

;

lo admil. — TuLga.: ad-mittor, missussnm, mitti.

ad-m5dum, adv. [ad; modum, acc.

sing. of modus, " a measure"] (" Accord-ing to measure;" hence) Very,veri/much,

exctedingly.

Sd51esc-cus, entis, comm. gcn.

[adolesc 0, " to grow up"] (" One grow-ing up ; " hence) A youth, a young man

;

a young woman, maiden.

&dopt-IO, lonis, f. [adopt-o] Anadopting, adoplion. Adoption wasof twokinds, adoptio and adrogatio. The formorkind was used, when the person to bc

adopted was still legallyundcr the powcrof his fathcr. The father heronpon took

him before tho prwtor uibanus, aiid

emancipated him from his autliority, at

the same time transferring his ownpower to the per=on adopting him. Butwhen the person to be adoptcd was his

own master {suijuris), tho ceremony wa."?

called adrogatio, becausc it was effcctod

by the comilia centuriala pa^^sing a bill

(rogalio) authorising the adoption. Inelther casc the ccrcmony conferrcd tlio

same rights and privilcges. The adoiited

passed into tho family, took the naine

and sacred rites, of the adopter, and also

Inherited his fortuue.

Sd-opto, optiivi, oijt.^tam, optire, 1.

v. a. 1 . To take or acetpt for one't tel/

with desipn. — 2. To adopt. — Pass. :

ad-optor, optatus sum, optdri.

ad-8cendo(a-scendo), scendi.scen-sum, sceudfire, 3. v. a. [for ad-scando ; fr.

ad; scando, " to monnt"] To clinih ormounl up ; to ascend.—Pass. : ad-sccndor(a-scendor), scen.-us sum, scendi.

ad-splclo (a-splclo) , spexi,spectum

,

splcfre, 3. v. a. [for ad-si)Ccio ; fr. ad

;

siK-cio, " to look "J To Innk to or al; lo

behold.—Vasa.: ad-splclor (a-splclor),spectus sum, splci.

adsta-ns, ntis, part. prcs. of adst^a^-o.

ad-sto (a-sto), stlti, stltum, stare, 1.

V. n. To sland at or hy.

adven-tus, tQs, m. [advcn-io, " toarrive"] An arriving, an arriral.

1

.

advcr-sus, sa, sum, adj. [for advert-sus; fr. advort-o, " to turn towards"] 1.Turned loicards, orer against, opposile.—2. Adrerse, hostile.—3. Cn/avourahle, un-/orlunale ; advorsum tempus, a season o/

distress, adreisily. C53" Comp. : advers-

lor ; Sup. : advers-isslmus.

2. ad-versus, prcp. gov. acc. [ad

;

versus] Opposile lo, orer ayainst.

a;d-I-fIc-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a.

[for a;d-i-fac-o ; from ted-cs, " a house ;"

(i) ; fac-io, "to make"] ("To make ahouse ;

" hence) To huild, construct, ericl.

—Pass. : £Ed-I-fIc-or, atus sum, ari.

aedil-Itlus, Itla, Itlum, adj. [aidil-is,

" an edile ; " onc of a body of magistrateswhosc dnty it was to see to the croction

or rcpair of tho buiklings belonging tothe stato, and to tako care that those of

private persons did not bccome dangcrousthrough being in a dilapidatcd condition.

Besides these niatters, they attendeil to

the markete, and to wcights and moa-sures ; took care that no new gods wereintroduced, &c.] 0/, or belonging to, anedile; o/ the rauk o/ an edile.

£)e-ger, gra, grum, adj. [etym. uncer-

tain] 1. Jll, sick, diseased.— 2. Sad,sonou/ul. 1©" Comp.: a;gr-Ior; Sup.:a?ger-rlmus.

.aigj-ptus, i, f. £gypt; a poworfuland highly civiliaod kingdom of Africa,

well known in the carlior ages of the

world, and to be e.spccially romembercdas tlie house of bondage of "the Israclitos.

It subsequontly sank into ignorance andbarliarism.

.Smlllus, li, m. j£imlius; a Romanname.ae-nSus, nCa, n£um, adj. [for ror-neus

;

from aes, a;r-i8, " copper, bronze"] 0/, or

helonging lo, copper or hronze; made o/

copper OT hronze ; copper-; hronze-.

iEqui, oi'um, m. The A^qui; a war-likc i)eoplc of Latium.a;qu-Itas, Itatis, f. [»qu-ns] ("The

quality of the aiquus;" hencc) Jtulice,

equily.

cEqu-o, 4vi, atum, flrc, 1. v. a. and n.

[id] (" To make.tquus;" hencel 1. To

92 VOCARULAKY.

make level or smooth.—2. : a. Act. : To

inakeequal.—b. Neut. : To be equal.—Z.To place on an equality xcith, (o compareto.—Pass. : oequ-or, atus sum, ari.

aequus, a, um, adj. 1, Kven,level,jJat,

.^mooth.— 2. Fair,just, equilable.—Z.C\iUn,

composed,tranquil. IQJ^Comp.: ;oqu-Ior;

Sup.: aBqu-isstmus [prob. akiu to Sanscrit

ekas, " oue"].ces-tas, tatis, f. (" Thc bumins soa-

son ;" hence) Summer [akin to ai0w, " to

burn"].se-tas, tatis, f. [for cEv-tas ; fr. rev-

um] (" The state of sevura ;" henoe) 1.

Li/etime, li/e, age.—2. Time..Xtoli, orum, m. The JEtolians; the

inhabitants o/ yEtolia.

.Xtolia, fe, f . .i£lo!ia ; a provincc of

Central Greece.

Afer, fra, frum, adj. A/rican.—AsSubst. : Afri, orum, m. plur. : 1. TheA/ricans.—2. The Carthaginians.

affect-O, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a. [afEect-

us, "desire"'] To have a desire/or; to aunat, affect.—Pass. : affsct-or, atus sum,ari.

af-fero, attiili, allatum, affeire, 3. v.

a. [for acl-fero] To bring, take, or carry fo.

— Pass.: af-feror, aliatus sum, affcrri.

af-flcio, feci, lectum, flccre, 3. v. a.

[for ad-facio] (" To do something to"

a person or thing; hence) 1. To treat or

vse in any way.—2. Witli Acc. of objeet

and Abl. of manner : 2'o affect icith (com-monly translated by a vcrb or vcrbal

expression akin to Latin ablative, e. g.

afficere aliquem honoribus, to honourone; afBcere aliquem pcenis, to puni.^^h

one.— Pass. : af-ficior, fectus sum,fici.

Afranius, ti, m. A/ranius; aHomannarae.

Afri, orum, v. Afer.

Afr-Ica, ic^B, f. [Afr-i] Tlie countryo/ the A/ri ; A/rica.

Afric-anus, ani, m. [Afric-a] (" Onopertaining to Africa") A/ricanus; acognomen given to two members of theScipio famUy from their victories iuAfrica.

ager, agri, m. Land; a/leld.—Pliur.

:

Thefields, the open country [Gr. aYpn;].ag-gredior, gressus sum, grodi, C.

V. dep. [for ad-gradior ; fr. ad ;gradior,

" to step"] 1. To step, or go, to, or to-

uards; to approach. — 2. to /all upun,attack, assault, assail. — 3. To attempt,

undertake, set about, beqin.

aggres-sus (for aggred-sus), sa, sum,part. perf. of aggred-ior.

ag-o, fgi, actuni, iigSre, 3. v. a. (" Toput in motion;" hence) 1. To tead, to

drive.—2. To do or per/orm.—3. To carrii

ojf.—4. To plead.—S. With Subst. as acircumlocution for the aotion indicatcdby such subst, e.g. agere gratias, to

thank; agere triumphum, to triumph.—6. Witli Acc. of personal pronoun, oralone : To behave, conduct, or deport one's

sel/. — Pass. : Sg-or, actus sum, 5gl[Or. a.y-iti].

agr-estis, este, adj. [ager, agr-i] 0/,or belonging to, the country; rustic.—AaSubst. : agrcstis, is, comm. gen. Acounlryinan, a ruslic ; a countri/woman.

fi^S' Comp. : agrest-Ior.

Agrlgentum, i, n. Agrigentum (nowGirgenti) ; a city of Sicily.

Agrippa, £e, m. Agrippa; a man*8name.ala, ffi, f. [etjm. nncertain

;perhaps

for ag-Ia, from ago] (" The movingthing

;

" hence) A wing.

1. Alb-ani, anorum, m. [Alb-a

;

" Alba," tlio n.other city of Rome] Thepeople o/ Alha ; the Albans.

2. Aibani, orum, m. The Albani orAlbanians; a pcople inhabiting Albania,a country between Iberia and the MareCaspium.Albinus, i, m. Albinus; a Boman

name.Albis, is, m. The Albis (now the Elbe)

,

a river of Germany.Alexander, dri, m. Alexander; a

r.ian's name [Gr. 'AAcfoi/Spos, " Defenderof men"].Alexandria, as, f. Alexandria; a

city of Lgypt built by Alc.xander theGreat.— Hence, Alexandri-nus, na,uum, adj. 0/, or belonging to, Alexandr-ia; Alexandrine [Gr. .\Aefav5peia, " thecity of Alexander"].Algldum, i, n. [algidus, "cold"]

(" The cold mountain") Algidum (nowKocea del Papa) ; a snow-capped moun-tain near Rome.all-quantus, quanta, quantum, adj.

[ali-us;

quantus] Some, tolerable, cnn-

siderable.

ali-quis, no feminine, qnid, indef.

pron. [ali-us ;quis] Some one, somebody,

any one; something, any thing.

all-quot, num. adj. indecl. [ali-us

;

quot] Some, several.

al-Iter, adv. [al-is=alius] In anothermanner; othencise.

al-ius, la, lud (gen. alius;—dat. alH),

pron. adj. Another; other [Gr. aA-Aos].

Allia, re, f. Allia; a small river 11

miles from Rome, rendered memorableby the terrible defeat infiicted on thaKomans by the Gauls, B.c. 3SS.

Alp-es, lura, f. [either fr. Celtic Alp,"a height;" 6r Gr. aA<<j-o;, "white"](" The high things," or " the wLifce

thinga") TheAlps; the high mountain-range betwcen Italy, GalUa, and Hel-vetia.

al-ter, tSra, tSnim (gen. alterlus ;

—

dat. alteri), adj. [akin to al-ius] Another;one o/ tico, the other.— Alter . . . alter,

The one . . . (he other.

ama-bHis, blle, adj. [am(a)-o](" That may or can be loved ; " hence)That deserves to be loved; loveabte, lovely.

E33" Comp. : amabilior ; Sup. : ama-bilisslmu.s.

VOCABULAUT. 93

omb-o, le, o, adj. plur. Boih. [Gr.

Ambrones, nra, m, Tfit Ambronei;a Gallic tribt.

fiinlc-ltla, !tiiB, f. [2. amic-ns] (" Thoqnalityof theomicos ;" hcncc)frimdMp.

1. &ia-lcus, ica, Scum, adj. [am-o] /»r-ing, /riendty. ^ST Comp. : amiclor

;

Snp.: amicisslmns.2. &m-Ictis, ici, m. [id.] (" A loved

one ;" hencc) A friend.

amis-sns (for amitt-sns), sa, snm,part. perf. of nmitt-o.

AmiSTls (-os), i, f. Amisus or Amisos(now Eski Samsun); a town of Pontu?.a-mitto, misi, missum, mitturc, 0.

V. a. 1, To Ut go from one, to h! .•//p

;

todismiss.—2. Tolose.—Pass.:a-mittor,missnssimi, mitti.

am-nis, nis, m. A ric^, a stream[akin to Sanscrit ap-nas].amoen-Itas, Itatis, f. [amoen-n=,

"pleas.int"] (" The qualityof the amocn-us;" hence) Pleasantness, agreeableness.

Sm-or, oris, m. [am-o] lore.

ampbltbSatrnm, i, n. An amphi-theatre; an oval or circular buildingwhich allowed of an nnobstructed viewall aronnd, esp. the amphitheatre wiiichwas begun by Vespasian, dedicated byTitus, and finished by Domitian, anjwas capable of containing87,000 sjiecta-

tors. It was al.^ called Colisccum, fromthe Colossns, or colossal statue of Xero,w^hich stood near it. The place wherethe gladiators and beasts fought wascalled arena, from ita being sprinkledwith sand. Kert to the arena was thepodium, where were thc seats for thcEcnators and foreign ambassadors. Hcrealso was thc suggestus, or pulpit-Ukecanopied seat, for the emperor. Xeit to

the podinm were fourteen rows of seats

reserved for the knights, and behindthem were the seats for the people [a^-

<j>i9eaTpov ; that which canscs or euables

one to see aronnd].ampl-Io, lavi, latnm, lare, 1. v. a.

[ampl-ns] 1. To enlarge.—2. To increase.

—Pass.: ampl-Xor, lltus sum, lari.

ampl-lus, comp. adv. [fr. nent. of

oomp. of ampl-us] More extensirely, morefully. 8®" Pos. : ampl-e ; Sup. : ampl-isslme.

am-pl-us, a, nm, adj. [am, aronnd ;

ple-o, " to fill "] (" FiUed aU around ;

"

hence) 1. O/ large extent; ample, spaci-

ous.—2. Extentite.—3. Abundant. 858"Comp.: ampl-Ior ; Sup.: ampl-isslmus.

Ancns, i, m. Ancus (Martius); thefourth king of Rome.Andriscus, i, m. Andriscus; the

real name of Pseudo-PhiUppus.angust-Ia, la;, f. [angus:-ns, " nar-

row "j

(•• The state of the nngnstns ;

"

hence) 1. A'arroicness, closeness. — 2.Plur.: A narroui defile, a mounlain-pass.

Aniclus, li, m. Anicius ; a Romanname.

Anlcn, Cnls, m. J7ie Anien (othcr-

wise Jnio, now Trreronc); a riverof Italy,

falling into the Tiber.

ftn-Imns, Imi, m. 1. 77ie r.itional

soul in man.—2. Ifiud.—3. Spirit, cour-

age [Gr. ai-<jiot, " breath," etc.].

anntl-lns (anQ-lns), H, m. [for

an5-lus ; fr. anus (imcontr. Gen.) anO-i,

"a ring"] A liltle ring; a ring.

an-nns, ni, m. CThat which goesroraid;" hcncc) A year [akin to San-scrit root Aii, " to go"].ann-uoa, tia, flum, adj. [ann-nsj

(" Pertaining to a year ;" hence) Yearly,

annual.ante, prep. and adv. 1. Prep. gov.

acc. case : lie/ore, in /ront o/.—2. Adv.:a. Be/ore, in /ront.—b. B-/ore, preti-

cusJy [akin to Sanscrit ati, " beyond ;"

Gr. aini, " over against"].

ant-ea, adv. [prob. for ant-eam ; fr.

nnt-e; eam, acc. fem. of ii] B^r/ore;

a/ortlime, /ornii. rly.

Antenm-atcs, atum, m. [Antemnje," Antemna;," a Sabine town] The peoplec/ Antemn-ce ; the Anlemnates.

I

Antloch-cnses, enslum, m. [An-tioch-ia] The men o/ Anlioch.

I

Antloch-ia, i£e, f. Aniiochia ox An-iioch {nov! Antakia); acityof Syria ['.ifTi-

I dxeia ;" the city of Antiochus "].

i

Antlochus, i, m. Antiochut; thetiame of sevcral Syrian kings ['Aitioxos ;• He who drives against"].

ant-iquus, iqua, iqu::t;, adj. [ant-e](" Beionging to ante

;" bciice) That hai

lien, or has been done, be/ore or iii limet

past ; /ormer, old, ancient. BE®" Comp.

:

antlqu-Ior ; Sup. : antiqu-isslmus.Antonlus, li, m. Anlonius (i/.);

the distinguished triumvir, couqueredby Octavianus at Aetinm.Aplo, oiiis, m. Apio or Apion ; akingof

Libya, who bequeathed his dominions tothe Romans.Apollonla, se, f. ApoUonia (after-

I

wards Sozopolis, now Sizeboli); a city ofThrace.

i appara-tus, tiis, m. [appar(a)-o,

j

" to prepare "] 1- A preparing or pre-paration ; an eqii.pping or tquipment.—2. Stores, supplies.

i ap-parSo, pariii, parltum, parere, 2.

I

V. n. [for ad-i)areo ; fr. ad ; pareo, " to

, appear] 1. To appear at some place ; to

come in sight, to appear.—2. To be risibU

or mani/esl. — 3. To be ecident or ap-

]

parent.

i

ap-pello, peUavi, pcllatum, peUare,1. V. a. [for ad-pello] ("To bring one'8

self to " a person in order to addresshtn

;

hencc) 1. To address, speai to,accosl.—2.' Tocall.—3. To call by name.toname.—Pass.: ap-pellor, pellatus sum, pellari.

appSt-itus, ita, Ittmi, i-.art. perf. of

: .".ppet-or.

I ap-p6to, pctivi or pCtU, pCtitTun,

! pcti-re, 3. V. a. [for ad-pcto] 1.: a. To1 uek to go to or toitards.— b. To $eei

94 VOCACULAUY.

afler, strire to ohl(ihi.— 2, To fall vpon

in a hoptilc inaiiiicr ; to assaiill, assail,

atlack.—1'ass. : ap-petor, pStitus sum,

p6ti.

Applus, li. m. Appius; a Komanname. — Hence, Appi-us, a, um, adj.

Of,orbe?ongirig to, aii Appius; Appian

:

Via Appia, The Appi'm Way or Road.

This road commonced at the rorta Cape-

na, whence it proceeded to Capna, where

it originally terminated, being in length

130 miles. Afterwards it was carried on

to Beneventum, by Augustus ; and,

finally, to Brnndusium, a distance fromCapua of 220 miles. Its total length was350 milos.

ap-pono, posui, pSsTtum, ponere, 3.

V. a. [for ad-pono] 1. To put or place at,

by,beside,ornear.—2. To place before.—

3. TopiUorset on or vpon.—7eLSS.: ap-ponor, positus snm, poni.

apud, prep. gov. acc. 1. With, near

to.—2, In or at the house of.—3. At, in a

place.

—

4. By.Apiilia, a;, f. Aptilia (now Puglia) ;

a provinceof south-wcstern Italy,famous

for its v,-ool.

aqu-a, ffi, f. ^Vater [akin to Sanscrit

ap].AquHlus, ii, m. Aquilius; a Eoman

name.Aquitania, ee, f. Aguitania (now

Guienne) ; a province of Southem Gaul.

Arabs, Arabis, m. An Arabian or

Arab ; an inhabitant of Arabia, a large

country of Asia,divided into thi-eeparts :

Arabia Felix, or the Happy ; Arabia Pe-

trsa, or the Stony ; and Arabia Deserta,

or the Desert. The Arabs are desccnded

from Ishmael, a son of Abraham ; and,

agreeably to the prophecies concerning

them in Gen. svi. 12, and xvii. 20, they

have ever been a great and uumerousnation; dwelling in tents, and wander-

Ing from place to place ; often attacking

the people around them, and often at-

tacked by them ; frequently invaded andharassed, but never totally subdued.

ara-ns, ntis, part. pres. of ar(a)-o.

arbitr-ium, li, n. [arbiter, arbitr-i,

•' a judge" or " umpire"] (" Atliing per-

taining to an arbiter';" hence) 1. Judg-

ment or opinion ; decision.—2. Will, free-

will.

Archelaus, 1, m. Archelaus: 1. Ageneral of Mithridates.—2. A king of

Cappadocia, who was deprived of his

dominions by the emperor Tiberius _['Apx-

6'Aao5, " Commander of the people "].

Ardea, se, f. A7-dea ; the capital of

the Rutuli, in Latium.ardeo, arsi, arsum, ardere, 2. v. n.

retym. doubtful] To be onfire; to burn,

blaze.

argent-eus, ta, eSm, adj. [argent-

um] (,•' Pertainingto argentum ;" hence)

Made of silver, silrer-.

Argcntoratvun, i, n. Argentoratum(now VtrecfU)

arg-entuai, enti, n. 1. SUcer. — 2.

Hilverplate.—S. Silver r.ioney. [Gr. apy-

vpo;].

Argos, n. (only m nom. and acc.

sing.) .also, Argi, orum, m. plur. Argosor Argi; the capitalof Argolis.aprovinceof Peloponnesus or Southem Greece.

Ariarathes, is, m. Ariarathes.

Ariarathcs aj^pcars to have been a com-mon name with the kings of Cappadocia.Their country wa-s in Asia Minor, situated

between Pontus and Cilicia, and boi-der-

ing on SjTia and Ai-menia. The Ariara-

thcs mentioned by Eutropius at Book iv.

Chapter 20 was the sixth of that namc.Arimlnum, i, n. Ariminum (now

F<iinini); a town of TJmbria, a provinoe

of Italy.

Arlobarzanes, is, m. Ariobarzanes

;

a king of Cappadocia.Aristarchus, i, m. Aristarchiis;

made king oi the Colchians by Pompey['.\picrrapxo5, " Eest ruler"].

Aristo, onis, m. Ari.<ito; an Athenianwho betrayed his city to Archelaus, the

general of Mithridates.

AristobQlus, i, m. Aristobiiliis ; aking of the Jews, who wasled in triumpli

before Pompey"s chariot ['.\pi<tt6j3ovAo9,

" Best in connser'].Aristonicus, i, m. Aristonicus; the

son of Eumenes, who made war against

the Eomans. He was made prisoner, andstrangled by ordcr of the senate ['Apioro-

VlKOt].

ar-ma, monim, n. (" Things adapted

or suited" to any purpose ; hence) Arms,armour \_ap-ia, " to adapt"].

arma-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. of

ami(a)-or.Armenes, is, m. Armenes ; a son of

the Lacedremonian king Kabis, led as acaptire before the chariot or T. Quintius

Flamininus in his triumph.Armenia, », f . Armenia ; acovintry

of Asia, divided into ArmeniaMajor (nowTurcomania and Kurdistan),s.nAAir.\enin

Minor (now Anatolia).

Armeni-us, a, ma, adj. [Armenl-aJOf, or belonging to, Armenia; Arinenian.

—AsSubst.: Armenii, orum, m. The

people of Armenia ; the Armenians.

arm-o, avi, atom, are, 1. v. a. [arm-a]

1. Tofiirnish xrith weapons, io arm.—2.

To equip.—Pass. : arm-or, atus sum,ari.

ar-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a. To

pJough, tiU, cuttivate.—Fass.: ar-or, atus

sum, ari [Gr. ap-du)].

Artaxata, a?. f . Artaxata ; the cap-

ital of Armenia Major ; afterwards callecl

Nerouea, in honoiu: of Nero.

ArtSces, is, m. Artoces; a king o:

Iberia, conquered by Pompey.Aruns, untis, m. Aruns; the namc

of one of theTarquin family [fr. Etrus-

can Aruth ; an appellation of youngersons].

Arvei-ni, ?rum, m. ThcArverni;Si

VOCABULARY. 95

peoplo of Ganl, whose conntry corrc-

«pondcil to thc modcm Auvcrgne.a-sccndo, sccndi, Bcensum, 6ccnil-

Cre, 3. V. .1. [for aj-scando ; from ad ;

Ecando, " to climb or mount"] To climb

or mount up; to ascfnd; ascendcre navem,10 go on bottrd ship.—Pass.: a-sccndor,scensos smn, sceudi.

Asla, te, f. Asia.

AsISgSncs, is, m.^Asinticns.Asla-tlcus, tlci, m. [Asia] (" One

pertaining to Asia") Asiaticus; a namegivcn to Cornelius Scipio on acconnt of

his victorics in Asia.

Aslntt, te, m. Asina ; a Koman consul,

the coUeague of Dnellius ; v. DucUiu?.Aslnlos, ti, m. Asinius; one of the

leaders of tlie Picentes and Marsi in theSocial War.aspis, aspldis, f. A viper or adder; an

atp [Gr. acTJri?].

as-sSro, sGrui, sertum, sfrCro, 3. v. a.

[for ad-sero ; fr. ad ; sero, " to join,"

etc.] ("Tojointo" one's self ; hence) 1.:

a. To lay hold of.—b. To liberate, protect,

de/enJ.— 2. To appropriate, claim, lay

claim to.—Pass.; as-seror, sertus simi,

sCri.

asser-tor, tOris, m. [asser-o] 1. Adefender, protector ; a delivtrer. — 2. Aclaimi.r, claimant.

as-snrgo, surrexi, surrectum, snrg-

6re, 3. V. n. [for ad-surgo] 1. To rise vp,

to lift one's self up.—2. To rise up to orbefore.

Atella, 86, f. Atella ; a town of Cam-pania, a province of Itsdy. The Atellanfarces so much reliahed by the Bomansoriginated here.

Athense, amm, f. plur. Alhens(now Alini) ; the capital of Attica, in

Greece Proper, or Northem Greece. It

derived its appellation from the Grcckname of Minen-a, 'Aenvr]. Its constitu-

tion •was a pure democracy, and it stood

at the head of all the states professingthe same constitutional principles. It

may be considered as being the first of

the Greek states in power and import-ance, till reduccd by the Lacedaemoniansjn the Peloponnesian war. It was famed/or the leaming and the refinement of

ita inhabitants, and for the great emin-ence to which it attained iu the cultiva-

tion of the arts.—Hence, Athen-Iensis,lense, adj. Of, or belonging to, Al/iens;

Alhenian.AtHIus, U, m. Atilius; a Boman

name.at-que, conj. [for ad-que] 1. And,

also, and besides.—2. With words denot-Ing likcncss or unlikencss: As, wHh;than, to.

AttSlus, i, m. Attalus; the name of

several kings of Pergamus.at-tSro, trivi, tritum, tCrSre, 3. r. a.

[for ad-tero ; fr. ad; tero, "to mb"]1. To 1-ub agninst.—2. To rub or wearavay; to wcar aicay by rubbing.—3. To

disfroy, iraste. impair, ireaken.— Psss. :

at-tSror, tritns sum, tfri.

at-tingo, tl;.'i. tiictum, tingl-re, 3. v. a.

[foratt-tftfigo; ir. ad ; tango, "totonch"]To touch a'jaiiist; lo come in conlact wilh ;

to touch.—Pass.: at-tingor, tactus sum,tingi.

attrl-tus, ta, tum, part. pcrf. of at-teror, throiigh root attri.auc-tor, toris, m. [for aug-tor ; fr.

aug-co, " to cause to grow, to produce"]1. An author.—2. A deviseror originator,

aud-ax, acis, adj. [and-eo] Daring.,

bold. B.jS^ Comp.: andac-Ior; Sup.

;

audiic-isslmus.

audSo, ausns sum, andPre, 2. semi-dep.To dare or venture something, or to dosomething.aud-Io, Ivi or li, Itum, Ire, 4. v. a.

Tohear.—Pa.ss.: aud-Ior, itus sum, iri

[akin to Gr. avt ( = oCs), oCt-os, " anear"]._audl-tus, ta, tum, part. pcrf. of

audi-or.

au-fero, abstilli, ablatum, aufcrre,3. V. a. [for ab-fero] To take, or carry, ojforaicay.—Pass.: au-fSror, ablatussum,aufeiTi.

Aufldlus, li, m. Aufidius; a man'sname.Augustus, i, m. [augnstus, "majes-

tic," " augiist"] .-iugustus ; thecognomenof Octavianiis after he attained to undi-vidcd authority ; and, snbsequently, of

all the Caesars.

Aulus, i, m. Aulus; a Roman name.AurSUus, li, m. Aurelius; a Pvom-

an name.—Hence, Aurcli-us, a, um,adj. Of, or bclonrjing to, an Aurelius;Aurelian • Aurelia Via, The AurelianWay : a road which issued from Home atthe Porta Aurelia (Aurelian Gate), andreaching the sea at Alsiura, continucdalong the coast through Etruria and Li-

guria to GenQa (Genoa), and thcn on tc

Forum Julii (Frtjus) in Gallia Narbon-ensis.

aur-eus, Ba, Cum, adj. [aur-um] 1,

Of,OT belonging to, gold, goli-; golden.—2. vrnamenkd tcilh gold; gilded.

aumim, i, n. Gold [Gr. avpoc].Aurunculelus, li, m. Auruncvl-

eius ; a lieutenant of C^esar, cut ofE nndslainby an ambush in Germany.ausplc-lum, li, n. [au.spex, auspic-

is; literaliy a "bird-sccr;" hence, "adivinc-r," etc.] (" A thing pcrtaining toan auspex ;

" hence) Augury from birds,

auspices. Auspice.s were taken by theEonians on all pulilic occasions of im-portance, and usiially by gencrals beforeengaging an enemy.au-sus (for aud-sus), sa, sum, part.

jierf. of aud-eo.

aut, conj. rtr.—Aut . . . aut, Either. . . or [akin to Gr. oJOi].

autcm, conj. 1. But, on the otherhand.—2, Also, loo, moreover, besides.

auxU-Itun, li, n. [prob. from obsol-

96 VOCABULARY.

cto adj. auxil-is (= aug-silis) " inorea?-

iug ; " fr. aug-eo] (" The quality of the

aux-ilis ; " hence) 1. Aid, help, assistance.

—2. Plur.: Auxiliary Iroops oi /orces:

auxiliaries.

avar-e, adv. [avar-us, " covetous "]

Covetously, avariciously. SrS" Comp.

:

S,var-ius ; Sui^.: iivar-isslme.

avar-Itla, Itlse.f. [id.] (" The quality

of the avarus ; " hence) Covetousness,

avarice.

Aventinus, a, um, adj. 0/, or 6e-

longing to, ilount Aventine ; Aventine.

a-verto, verti, versum, verttre, 3.

v. a. [fr. a; verto, " to tum"] To turn

/rom or au\'iy.—Pass.: a-vertor, ver-

8US sum, verti.

av-ldus, ida, Idum, adj. [av-co, " to

desire earnestly "] 1. Desiring earnestly

;

ea/ger.—2. Covetous, avaricious. %f^Comp.: ^vid-Ior ; Sup. : avid-isslmus.

a-vi-S, is, f. A hird [akin to Sanscritwi, " a bird ; " the a is probably a prefix].

av-unciilus, unciili, m. [av-us] Amolher's broihcr ; a maternal uncle.

avus, i, m. 1. A grand/ather.—2.A /ore/ather, ancestor.

barbar-icus, Ica, Icum, adj. [bar-bar-us] 0/, or belonging to, a /oreigncror barbarian.~As Subst. : barbaricum,i, n. The country o/ the barbarians ; aforeign land.

barbarus, a, um, adj. Foretgn, bar-barous.—As, Subst. : barbsrus, i, m.A /oreigner, barbarian [Gr. ^ap^apo;].Bassus, i, m. Bassus ; a Roman nauie.

bea-tus, ta, tum, adj. [be(a)-o, " to

make liappy "] Made happy ; happy,blessed. I^J" Comp.: bSat-Ior; Sup.:beat-Issimus.

Bebrlacum, i, n. Bebriacum (nowS. Lortnzo Guazzone); a town of UpperItaly.

bellatum est, v. bello.

belllc-osus, osa, osum, adj. [bellic-

us, "warlike"] Yei^y warlike ox martial.

B^ Comp. : bellicos-Ior ; Sup. : belllcos-

isslmus.

bell-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. n. [bell-

um] To uar, wage tcar.—Impers. pass.perf.: bellatiun est. War has been ortcas waged.b-ellum, elli, n. [for du-ellum ; fr.

du-o] (" A contest between two parties ;"

hence) War, war/are.

ben-e, adv. [obsolete ben-us=bon-u?,"good"] 1. We!l.—2. Success/u!!y. KS"Comp.: mClIus ; Sup.: optlme.Bene-ven-tum, ti, n. [bene ; ven-

io] (" 'Well come to " or " arrived at"]Beneventum; a Samnite city. It wasoriginally called Maleventum (badlyarrived at) from its bad and unhealtliyatmosphere. But when the Eomanssent a colony thither, they, from a super-Etitious feeling, cliangcd its name toBenevenlum. Its modcrn name is

changed but little from its ancient aivpellation

—

Benevento.

Berenlce, es, f. Berenice. 1. Adaughter of Horod Agiippa I., and thesister of the younger Agrippa.—2. Atown of Egypt in the Pyrenaica (nowBengazi).

Bessi, orum, m. T7ie Bessi; a Thrac-ian people, who subsisted cliiefly byrapine.

Bestia, £e, m. [hcstia, " a beast "]

Bcstia ; a Eoman name.bl-bo, bi, no supine, bCre, 3. v. a. To

drink [aliin to Gr. Tri-ru)].

Blbiilus, i, m. [bibulus, " drinkingfreely"] Bibulus; aUomanname.biennl-um, i, n. [bienni-us, " per-

taining to two years "] A space ov period0/ Iwo years.

bi-ni, nas, na, adj. plur. [bi=bis]Tico by two ; tico each or apiece.

bis, adv. [for du-is ; fr. du-o] Twice.

Bithynla, £e, f. BHhynia {novi Ejalet

Anadoli); a province of Asia llinor.

Bituitus, i, m. Bituilus; a prince orgeneral of the Arverni.Blsesus, i, m. [bla^sus, "lisping"]

Blcesus; a Roman name.bland-Itlfe, Itlarum, f. plur. [bland-

us, " flattering "] (" The quality of theblandus ;

" hence) 1. Fiattery.—2. Fairwords, compliments.blatt-inus, Ina, Inum, adj. [blatt-a,

" purple dye "] Purple-coloured, purple.

Bocchus, i, m. Bocchus; a king of

Mauritania.bon-Itas, Itatis, f. [bon-us] (" The

quality of the bonus ; " lience) Good-ness.

bonus, a, um, adj. Good. V^"Comp. : mellor ; Sup. : optimus.Bosporus, i, m. The Bo.'porus (or

Bosphorus) is now called the Straits (orChannel) of Constantinople. Its ancientname is of Greek origin (see end of article)

and various meanings have been assignedfor its employment. Some attribiite it

to the narro^niiess of the strait (abouta mUe and a half), a distance that an oxmight cross by swimming. Others, tocertain mariners, who crossed it in avesseI,of which the oxfox-med thefigure-head. Otbers again say, that the Pbryg-ians were directed to follow an ox, andthat ha^ing roused one for the purpose,it swam across this strait. "While yetothers again maintain, that there is

herein an aUusion to the passage of agri-cultural knowlcdge from the east to thowest [Bdo-TTopo;, "Ox-ford"].brachlum, li, n. An arm [Gr.

^poxiwi'].

brevis, e, adj. Short. 8S" Comp.:brcv-ior ; Sup. : br6v-isslmus [Gr.^pa.viJs].

Brltanni, orum, m. TTie Britons.—Heuce : 1. Britann-Ia, lae, f. llie

country o/ the Britanni ; Britam —2.

Britaunl-cus, Ica, Icum, adj. 0/, or

VOCADUI.AHV. 97

siionging lo, the Bn/ont ; Bridf/i,— AsSubst. : Britannl-cus, ci, ni. (" OnepertiUnins to the Britons") ilrHanniciis

;

a niune given to the son of tlie KmpcrorClandius. nfter the conquest of Britain.

Bnmdtis-inl, Inorum.m. [Brundus-jum ;

'• Bnindusium " (now Briudisi) ; acity of Calabria. Its name in thoMcssapian dialcct implies a " stag's

hcad," and was applicd to it from thoresemblAucc that its creeksand liarboursbore to a Etag'8 homs] T/ie people </Bruniliisiiim ; Ihe Brundufians.Brnttii, orum, m. The Bruttii; the

inhabitnnts of the extreme southem pai't

of Italy.

Briitas, i,m. [bratns, "dull," " stup-id " ] .

Briitus ; a Roman name ; esp.

Lucius Junius Brutus, a relative of Tar-quinius Superbus, saved from death bj'

feigning stupidity. He delivered Romefroin rcgal dominion.BulbnSi i, m. Bulbus ; o, Roman

name.Burzluo, onis, f. Burtiao ; a city of

Ma'sia Inferior.

Byzantlum, li, n. Bi/zanlium (nowConjlantinople or Stamhoitl) ; a cele-

brated city on the Eosiiorus, fonndedby a colony from Megara, in Greece,under Byzas, b. c. G.J8. Constantine theGreat transferred the seat of govemnentfrom Rome to this city, and from him it

took the name of Constantinople ; i. c.

The city of Constantine.

Cabira, ae, f. Calira ; a city in thekingdom of Mithridates.

Cabyle, es, f . Catryle ; a city o£ theBcssi.

cado, cCcIdi, casnm, cllCre, 3. v. n.

Tofall.

CaecHIus, li, m. Ccrci/iMi; aRomanname.caed-es, is, f. [c£ed-o] A culting doicn

in battle, etc; slaughter, destruclion,

mnrder.caed-o, c6cidi, csesum, cjedSre, 3. v. a.

[cad-o, in a causative force] (" To causetofall;" hence) 1. To cut, cut doicn.—2. To cul doicn in battle, etc; to slaughler,

skiu, deslroij, murder.—Pass.: C3Sd-or,Cfsus sum, c£Bdi.

Cacnin-enscs, enslum, m. [Ca-nin-a," Canina ; "a town of Latium] Thepeoyleo/ Cwiiina; the Cceninenses.

Caeplo, onis, m. Ccepio; a Romanname.Caesar, 3ris, m. Coesar; the faniily

name of Julius Cicsar ; andhenccuscd bythe cleven succeeding Roman Emperorswho by adoption bolonged to his family[probably akin to Sanscrit ke^a, " hair;

"

and ^, " the hairy one "].

CaesSrea, a;, f. Cwsarea: 1. Thccapital of CJappadocia (now Kaisariah).—2. The name of geveral citics bnilt byvarious nations in honour of Augustu.s.

CcesSr-fins, i^a, Cum, a<j. [CKsar]0/, or ielonging to, CtBsar ; Citsaiean.

Cocso, onis, m. Cccso ; a Roman name,CcESUs (for c^ed-sus), sa, sum, part.

pcrf. of ca-d-or.

Caias, ii, m. Caius; a Ronian name.Calabrla, :i', f. Calabria (uow Terra

d'Ulranto) ; a country in the extremeBouth-east it Lower Italy.

calSmltas, iitis, f. [etym. uncertain]Calamilij, inis/orluiie, disasler.

Calatis, Idis, f. Calalis; a, city ofMcesia Inferior.

CSI-endac, endarnm, f. plur. [cal-o,

"to call out, proclaim"] (" Tiiingsto bocalled out or proclaimed ;"

i. c. the Xoncs,whethcr they wcre to be on the fifth orseventh day of the month ; and as theannonncemcnt was made by thc ixiutificua

on the first day of each month ; hence)The Calends; the first day o/ the Romanmondi.

cal-Idus, Ida, Idum, adj. [cal-eo, " to

be warm"] 1. ^Varm, hot. — 2. Ilot-

tempered, impeluous, hasly. &>5' Comp.:cJilld-Ior; Sup.: cilld-isslmus.

Callg-Gla, filre, m. [c.alig-a, " a half-

boot"] (" A smallhalf-boot") Caligula;the namc given to Caius the third RomanEmperor, from the circumstance of his

having wom, when a child, in the eampof his father Germ.inicus, the"caliga"or half-boot of the soldiery.

Callaeci, Orum, m. The CaUceci; apcoplc of Spain.

callld-e, adv. [callid-ns] Cunningly,shjly, cra/lily. Cjj" Comj).: callld-IHB;

Sup. : calllil-isslme.

call-Idus, a, um, adj. [call-co, " tobe well practised"] 1. Skil/ul, ingeniout.—2. Cra/ly, cunning. arl/itl, sly. Comp.:callid-Ior; Sup.: cailid-isslmus.

Calpurnlu.s, li, m. Calpurnius; am.an's name.Caivinus, i, m. Calvinus; a man'3

name.Camillus, i, m. Camillus; a Roman

dictator who conquered the Veicntes andvanquislied the Senones Gauls.Camp-anla, anice, f . Campania (now

Terra di Lavoro) ; a fertile country incentral Italy.

campus, i, m. A plain. CampuaMartius, The Plain o/ Mars.Canina, ae, m. Canina ; a Roman

name.Cannae, arum, f. plur. Cannce (now

Canne) ; a village of Apulia, whcrcHannibal defeated the Romans B.C.

21(1.

Cantabrla, », f. Cantahria ; a province of llispanla Btetica, in the region of

thc modern Biscaya.

can-to, tavi, tatum, tare, 1. v. a. in-

tens. [can-o, "tosing"] 1. To sing.—2. To chant as a cliarm. — riss.: can'tor, t.atns sum, tari.

caplo, cepi, captnm, c&p6re, 3. v. a.

[ctym. uncertainj 1, To iake,— 2. To

98 VOCABt/LARY.

make pritoner ; to taJce captive. — Pass. :

cSpIor, captus sum, c5pi.

CapitoUum, li,Ti. The Capilol, i.e.

the tcmple of Jupitor C.-ipitolinus at

Rorae. Tliis magnificent structuro wasbegun by Tarquinius Priscus and fiuishcd

by Tarquinius Superbus. Its dedic.ition,

however, did not talce place till the

consulship of Horatius, about three years

aftor tho expulsion of the kings.

Cappadocla, a;, f . Cappadocia (nowCaramania); a country of Asia Minor.Cappadox, <3cis, m. A Cappadocian.

cap-tivus, tlra, tivum, adj. [cap-io]

Taken prisoner, captive.—As Subst. : cap-tivus, i, m. A prisoner, a caplive.

cap-tus, ta, tam, part. perf. of cap-ior.

Capiia, !e,f. Capua; the chief city

of Campania, noted for its luxury, whichprovcd so fatal to HannibaVs army and5he Carthaginian cause.

cap-ut, itis, n. 1. A head.— 2. Aperson or 7nan.— 3. Li/e.— 4. Thechief,

principal, or main thing.— 5. The capital

br metropolis of a coimtry, etc. [akin to

Gr. Ke(^-aA7/].

Carbo, ouis, m. [carbo, " a coal, char-

coal"] Carfto ; a Roman name.carcer, carceris, m. A prison. [Gr.

«apKap-oi'.]

car-eo, fii, itum, ere, 2. v. n. (" Tobe shom of

;" hence) 1. Tohe without or

destiliile 0/.—2. To want. [Gr. root Kap,

whence KeCp-ia, " to shear;" Kap-ijvai.,

" to be shom."]Cariuas, atis, m. Carinas; one of

the leaders of the llarian party.

Carrae, arum, f. plur. Carroe (called

by the Jews Charan) ; a city of Meso-potamia.Carthaginiensis, e, v. Carthago.Carthago, ginis, f. Carlhage; l.A

city of northprn Africa founded by Dido,the ruins of which are in the ricinity of

Tunis, It was long the rival of Rome.

—

Hence, Carthagln-iensis, lense, adj.

Of, oibelonging to, Cai-thage; Carthaginian.— As Subst.: Carthagrinienses, lum,m. The Carthaginians.—2. Acity of Spain(now Cartagena), called also CarthagoNova, Xew Carthage.

Carthalo, onis, m. Carthato; a Car-thagini.in general slain by Fabius Mas-imus.ca-sa, sse, f . (" The coTerlng thing ;

"

hence) A hut, cotlage, cabin [prob. for

scad-sa, fr. Sanscrit root skad, " to

cover."]

Casca. fe, m. Casca ,• aRoman name.Cassius, li, m. Cassius; a Roman

name: esp. 1. The first Master of theHorse at Rome.—2. A Roman quoestorwho saved the remains of the arm ot

Crassus, and subseqnently retrieved theRoman losses ui the East.

cas-tra, trorum, n. (" The coveringthings :" bonce) A camp, as consisting of

•everal coVlected soldiers' tents [prob. for

sc8.dtra; fr. San?crit root skad, "tocover"].ca-sus, sus,m. [forc.id-sus; fr.cad-o]

1, A falling, a fall. — 2. A misfortune,accident, mishap, culamilij.

Catan-enses, ensluni, m. [Catan-a;" C.atana," now "Catania;" a town of

Sicily, at the foot of Mount Etna] Thepeopte of Calana, the Calanenses.

catena, as, f. [etj-m. uncertain] Achain.

caten-atos, ata, atum, adj. [caten-a](" Prowlcd with a catena;" hence)Chained,fettered, hound.

CatlUna, ne, m. CatiUne; a Romanwho, during the consalship of Cicero,raised an insun-ection in his country, andwas Idlled in battle.

Cat-o, onis, m. [cat-us, "sharp"](" The sharp or intclligont one"] Cato;

a Roman name.Catti, orum, m. The Catli; a people

of Germany (in the country of modornHesse and Th uringia) . Onc of their strongplaccs was called Castellum, now Cassel.

Their capital, Mattium, is Marpurg.Catulus, i, m. [catulus, " a cub or

whelp"] Catulus; a Roman name.Caud-inus, Ina, Inum, adj. [Caud-

ium ;" Caudium," a S.amnite town] 0/,

or belonging to, Caudium; Caudine.causa, £c, f. [etym. uncertain] 1. A

cause or reason.— 2.A causeor suitat laie.

caus-i-dic-us, i, m. [caus-a ; (i)

;

dic-o] ("One who pleads a cause orsuit;" honce) A counsel ot counsellor ; apleader, advocate.

ced-o, ccssi, cessum, cedere, 3. v. n.

1, To go, more.go along.—2. To depart,withdraw.—3. to yield. [Akin to Gr. root\a& in xafo;jiai= \aS-<TOjiai, " to retire."]

cele-ber (-'bris), bre, adj. [etyni.nncertain] Renoicned, distinguished, cele-

brated, famous. SW Comp. : celebr-ior

;

Sup.: c616ber-rTmus.

celer-itas, Itatis, f. [celer, "swift"](" The quality of the celer;" heuco)Siriflness, quickness, haste, rapidity, speed.

celer-o, avi, atum, ai-e, 1. v. u. and a.

[id.] 1. Keut. : To maie h,aste, to haste.i,

to be quick.—2. Act.: To make siciff; to

quicken, hasten, accelerate.—Pass. : celer-or, atus s']m, ari.

Celtiber-ia, ia?, f. [Celtiber-i, " theCeltiberi ;" a people of central Spain inthe modern Arragon] The land of the

Celliberi; Celtiberia.

cens-or, oris, m. [cens-co, " to

assess"] (" An assessor;" hence) A cen-

sor; a Roman magistrate. The censors(of whom there were two) at first hadonly charge of the Roman pcople andtheir proporty in respoct to their division

according to rank or circumstances.Gradually, however, they came to besnperintendents of morals aud conduct,and punished the crimcs and delin-

qucncies of men of higher rank by con-eigning them to a lower class.

TOCABULAUT. 99

Censorinns, i, m, Censorinus; anomon namc.

.

cens-ns, ds, m. [ccns-oo, " to assoss"]

An afsessin'/ OT raling of Roinan citizens ;

a census. A ccnsus wns a niimbcring of

the people, C0Hple<.l witli a distributionof them into classes aci.xirding to their

propertj-. Tlie first cla?s consisted of

thosc who p-isscs^sl projicrty to the valucof 100,01.10 ns;cs ; tlioso worth T.^i.OOO asscs

were placol in tlie secoml cl.iss; 50,000

in the thinl ; ^'•'i.OOO in the fourth ; 11,000

in the fifth. Tho si.xth cl.iss compre-hcnded all whosc estates did not reachthe value of the l.ist-namcd sum.ccnt-eni, inre, ina, num. adj. plnr.

[cent-uni] 1, A hundred each.— 2. Ahundred,cent-eslmns, t-sTma, cslmnm, nnm.

adj. [id.] Ilundredth.

centtun, num. adj. indecl. A hun-dred [akin to Gr. cicaToi].

CentQmSlus, i, m. Centumalus; aEoman naiiie.

centQrl-o, cnis, m. [centuri-a; "acentury,'' i.e. acompany of soldiers]("One

having a centuria ;" hence) A centurion,

a commander 0/ a century.

cer-no, crcvi,cretum, cemCre, .3. v. a.

1. To separale, sift.—2. To perceite, see.

—3. To decide.—Pass.. cer-nor, cretus

som, cemi [root cp^, akin to Gr. itpi-rto,

"to separate"].certa-men, mlnis, n. [cert(a)-o, " to

contend"] .1 contest.

cert-e, adv.-[cert-us, " sure"] Surely,

assuredly, certainly. BST Comp. : cert-

lus ; Sup. : cert-isslme.

ces-so, savi, satum, sare, 1. v. n.

intens. [for ccd-so, fr. ced-o] ("To standback much;" hence) To be remiss, to

loiter; to cease, leave off.

c-etSrns, etJ-ra, eterum, adj. Theorter.—Plnr. : The others, the resl [part-

icle c-e ; Gr. eVepo?].

Chalcedon,_d6ni8, f. Otalcedon; atown of Bithynia, on the ThracianBospoms, opposite to Byzantium.Clcer-O, onis, m. [ciccr, " a chick-

pea"] (" One having a chick-pea")

Cicero (M. TuUius) ; a Romanstatesman,j

and the most eminent of all the Romanorators. After a long and honourablelife devoted to the service of his covmtry-

men, he fell a victim to the malice of

Antony, who caused him to be assas-

sinated b.c. 43, in the slxty-fourth year

of his age.

Cnicla, a?, f. Cilicia (now Egalet

Itichil) ; a province of Asia Minor.Cimbri, orum, m. The Cimbri; a

German people originally inhabitingthatpart of ancient Germany called the Cim-bric Cliersoneso, and which corresponds

with the modem Jutland [a Celtic word= Robbers].Cimbr-Icus, lca.Icum, adj. [Cimbr-i]

Of, or belon'jin(j to, the Cimbri; Cimbric.

Cincinnatus, i, m. [cincinnatus,

" wlth ctirled hair"] Cineinnatut; a co-gnomen of L. Quintius, who was tokenfrom thc plough and made dictator.

CinSas, .i-, m. Cineas; a friend ofPyrrhus, king of Epims, whom he ad-vise<l to makc peace with the Romans.cingo, cin.xi, cinctnm, cingfre, 3. v. a.

[etym. unccrtain] 1. To surround, gird.—2. To encircle.fvclose.—Pass.: cingor,cinctus sum,cin^'i.

Cinna, w, ni. Cinna ; a confcderatoof Marius in thc war with Sylla.

circ-a, prep. gov. acc. [prob. circ-ns," a circle"] Arciind.

circiU-tus, tus, m. [cinctn, root ofcircue-o, "to go around"] 1. A goinground, a recolving, rerolulion.—2. A circ-

uit, compass.circ-um, prep. gov. acc. [akin to

circ-a] Aroiind.

cii"cum-diico, duxi, ductnm, duccrc,3. V. a. 1. Of Lving beings : To leadaround.— 2. Of things : To draic around.—Pass. : circum-ducor, ductus sum,duci.

circns, i, m. A circus. The name ofCircns was given to the large oblongbuildings erccted for the exlubition ofpnblic gamcs, &c. Of these there wereeight at Rome. The one spoken of byEutropius at Book i. chapter G was tholargest and most magnificent, and wascalled the Circus Maximus ; i. c. " Tholargost Ciicus." It was about 2,187 feet

long, by about 500 broad ; and was ableto contain, according to some accounts,300,000 spectatoi-s [Gr. icipKo;, "anyround thing"].cltbarocd-Icus, Ica, Icum, adj,

[citharoeil-u3, " a harper "] 0/, or belong-

ing to, a harper.

clt-o, adv. [cit-us, " quick "] Quicklp,

swiftly. 8S" Comp. : clt-Ius ; Sup. : clt-

isslme.

civ-His, fle, adj. [civ-is] 1. Of, orbelonging lo, o citizen; civil, civic.— 2.Polished, courteous, civil, polite. BS"Comp. : civil-Ior ; Snp. : clvil-isslmus.

civn-iter, adv. [civil-is] After the

manner of a citizen, in a citizen-like way.B3J" Comp. : civil-Ius ; Sup. : clvil-

isslme.

civil-Itas, Itatis, f. [id.] ("Thequality of the civilis;" hence) 1. Theart of gorernment, politics.—2. Courteous-ness, courtesy, polite behaviour, civility.

ci-vis, vis, comm. gen. (A dweller)A dweller in a city, a ntiten [prob. akiii

to Sanscrit root kshi, " to dwell "].

clv-Itas. Itatis, f. [civ-is] (" Thestateof a civis; hence) 1, Citizenship, — 2.A state or body politic.—3. A city.

clar-e, adv. [clar-us] Nobly, illustri-

ously. IPjj' Comp. : clar-Ius ; Sup.

:

clar-isslme.

cla-rus, ra, mm, adj. 1. Of Eound:Clear, loud, distinct.—2. Of appearance :

Clear, bright, shining, brilliant. — 3.Morally, in cireumst.ances, ctc. : Rt-

f2

100 VOCABULART.

r.oicned, illustrious, noble, famous. CS"Comp. : clar-Tor ; Sup. : clar-isslmus.

clas-sis, sis, f. ("A calling ;— thatwhicli is callcd ; " hcnce) 1. 0£ citizens,

etc. : A class.— 2. In milit.ary or navalaffairs : a. A land /orce. —b. A fl^et [Gr.

Kka<T-<.<, = kA^o-19, " a calling"].

1. Claudlus, 5i, m. Claudius; aRoman name.

•-'. CIaudl-U3, a, um, adj. [1. Claucli-

us] 0/,ovbe!onijingto,Claudius; Claudian.

Aqua Claudia, ihe Claudian ^Vater orAqueduct. This useful anJ stupendouswork couveyed the watcr from Tusculumto Itomc, a distance of about twelvemiles. Some vestiges of it yet remain.

clau-do (old forai clu-do), clausi,

ciausum, clauderc, 3. v. a. To close, shut.

—Pass. : claudor, clausus sum, claudi

[root CLU, akln to Gr. K\ii-M, " to

sliut"].

clau-sus (for claud-sus), sa, sum,part. perf. of claud-or.

cleinent-Ia, ifc, f. [clemens, clement-is, "gentle"] Gentleness, mildness, mercy,clemency.

Cleopatra, fe, f. Cleopaira; a queenof Egj-pt, conqucred at Actium by Aug-nstus [KKeoTroLTpa, " Father's Glory "].

cirban-arlus, arli, m. [cliban-us," an iron vessel for baking bread "] ('• Onepertaining to a cUbanus :

" hence) Asoldier clad in mail, or with iron plates;

a cuirassier.

clo-aca, acfe, f. [for clu-aca ; fr.

clu-o, " to wash away"] (" The thing\vashing away ; the cleanser ; " lience)

A seicer. Of the Eoman sewers the mostimportant was the Cloaca Masima. Plinyexpresses his wonder at tlie solidity auddurability of this great undertaking,which after 700 years remained uninjuredand entire. Even now it serves as tlie

common sewer of Modem Rome, thoughabout 2C00 years have elapsed since its

constniction by Tarquin.cludo, V. claudo.

ClucntiUS, ii, m. Cluenlius; a Hom-an name.Clypea, se, f. (^lypea ; a city o£ Africa,

near Carthage.clyp-eus, ei, m. (" That wliich

covers;" hence) A shield [akin to KaKv^-TM, " to cover"].

Cnffius, i, m. Cnceus; aRoman name.Cncius, li, m. Cneius; aRomanname.co, com, con, in composition= cttra.

coac-tus (for coag-tus), ta, tnm,part. perf. of cog-or, through truo rcotCOAG.

Ccelius, a, um, adj. Coelian : Coelius

Mons. the Ccelian Hill, Mount Ccelins (nowihe Lateran iiQunt) ; one of tlie sevenhills of Rome.

cosl-uni, i, n. (in plural m. and onlyin poets and in Ecclesiastical Latin)(" The hollow orconcave thing ;" hence)Ueaven, the hc<3ccns [alrin to Gr. (cc/iA-os,

"hoUow"].

coe-na, n£e, f. [ctj-m. unccrtaln] Ameal ; supper.

coep-Io, coepi, coeptum, coepere andcoepisse, 3. v. a. and n. [contractcd fromco-ap-io ; fr. co ; apio, " to lay hold of "]

(" To lay hold of;

" hcnce) To begin,com-mencc.— In Passive force on!y in pasttcnses and participles.

cocp-tus, a, um, part. perf. of ccep-i.

co-erceo, orcui, ercltum, ercCre, 2.

V. a. [for co-arceo ; fr. co ; arceo, " to

cnclose"] 1. To enclose tcholly, to sur-

round.—2. To restrain.

coerc-Itor, Itoris, m. [coerc-eo] Onevho rcslrains; a restrainer.

COf;-ens, entis, part. pres. of cog-o.

cognl-tus (for cogno-tus), ta, tum,part. pcrf. of cogno-sco.

co-gno-inen, mlnis, n. [co; gno-sco](" Tliat by which one is known in com-mon with others ; i.e. a common or like

name ;" lience) A/amily name, surname,

coijnomen.—Every Roman belonged to

some Gens, or clan, and derived from it

his Xomen, or Nomen Genlilicium, whichusually ended in ius. This was preceded

by a Prcenomen, which distinguished theindividual, and corresponded with ourChristian name. It was given to boyson the niuth, to girls ou the eighth dayafter their birth. As a Roman wouldbelong to a Familia, " family," as well

as to a Gens, he would thcnce also takeanotlier name, which was called Cogno-men. Besides this, many liad alsoasecond Cognomen, derived from some il-

lustrious exploit or memorable deed, andwhich they bore as a mark of honourabledistinction. A Roman'snames then stoodthus. 1. Prffinomen. 2. Nomen. 3.

Cognomen. 4. (if any) Cognomen secund-um, or Agnomen.co-gno-mentum, mcnti, n. [id.]

(id.) A/amily name, surname, cognomen.co-gnosco, gnovi, gnltum, gnoscere,

3. V. a. [co;gnosco, old form of nosco,

"to become acqu.iinted with"] 1. Tohecome acquainted tcith cn all sides orthoronghly.—In perf. tenses : To know,have knoicledge o/.—2. To leCirn or ascer-

tain.—Vass.: co-gnoscor, gnitus sum,guosci.

cogo, coegi, coactum, cogSre, 3. v. a.

[contracted from co-ago] 1. To drive

togeiher, collect.—2, To /orce, impel.—3.

To vrge on, compel, constrain.— Fass.:

cogor, coactussum, cogi.

Colcbi, orum, -m. 'i'ke Colchi orColchians; the inhabitants of Colchis orColchos (now Mingrelia), a country of

Asia Minor.Co:latinus,i,m. Collatinus; acogno-

men of L. Tarquinius, the husband ofLucrctia, and a nephew of TarquiniusSuperbus.coUa-tus (for conla-tus), ta, tnm,

part. perf . of conferor ; through con

;

LA, root of la-tum ; v. fero.

collec-tus (for colleg-fcus), ta, tnm,

vocABUi.Any. 101

parl. pcrf. of coUig-or, Uiroiigh truc rootCOIXBU.col-lSg-a, rp, ni. [for con-leg-a ; fr.

con ; lcg-o] COnc who is chosen at thes.-une time with iinother;" hcncc) A1'aitner tn ojice, a coUeayut.COl-UgO, K"gi, lectum, llgJro, 3. v. a.

[for conlogo] To galher tojethtr, lo colleel.

—Pass.: col-Ugor, lectus snm, llgri.

COU-inus, inn, iniim, adj. [coll-is

;

" a hill "] (>/, or Moixiing lo, a hill; hill-.

—Hencc, Porta CoUina, T/ie Colline Gate,i. e. The HiU-Gale ; a gato of Ronic ncarthe Quirinal Uill.

COl-lfico, locavi, lOcatum, lijcarc, 1.

V. a. [for con-loco] 1, Topul,place,stalion.— 2. To put in onler, arrange. — Pass.:

COl-16cor, locatus sum, IScSri.

coUdqu-Iuxa, li, n. [coU6qu-or, " to

talk togetlior wlth a person ; to con-vcrsc "] .i concersalion, con/erence,

CoUuia, i, n. The neck.

c51o, colQi, cultum, colerc, 3. v. a. 1,

To inhabil.—2. To culticale.—l^ass.l c61-or, cultus sum, cOIi.

c61on-Ia, lae, f. [colon-us, "acolon-i>t "] (" A thing bclonging to a tolonus ;"

hence) A colomj.

coma, X, f. Tlie hair [Gr. «cVl]-c5m-c-s, comitis, comm. gcn. [for

com-i-ts; fr. com ; l, root of eoj (" Onewho goes with anot' r ;" hence) A com-raJe, associate, lomjninion, attendanl.

Coimuagene, cs, f. Commaijene ; aprovincc in the Horth of SjTia.

com-mcndo, mendavi, mendatum,mcndare, 1. v. a. [for com-mando] 1. Tocoinmit, eittrusl, or commend to.—2. TocommenJ , to commit lo one's/arour.—l'ass.

:

com-mendor, menddtus sum, mendari.conimis-sus (for commiit-sus), sa,

suni, part. i;erf. of coinmitt-or.

com-mitto, misi, missum, mittere,3. V. a. (' To causc to go together ;

"

hence) 1, To join torjether, combine, con-

nect,unite.—2. Of abattle, etc: Toemjagein, to beffin.—3. Toentrust, commil to one's

charge — Pass.: com-mittor, missussum, mitti.

Com-m6ror, mSratus sum, murari,1. V. dep. To stiiy Bonicwhere ; tolarnj,linger, remain long.

commo-tus (for commov-tus), ta,

tum, part. perf. of commov-cor.com-movSo, movi, mGtum, mijvcre,

2. v. a. 1.: a. 7'o t't in violeut molivn,orcommotion ; lo agitate excessiceli/.—b. 7'o

stirvp, raise, excite.—2. To moie, stt in

fno<io/i.— Pass.: com-m6v§or, niOtussiun, moviri.com-muuis, mune, a<lj. [com

;

munis, "servlng"](" Servingtogether ;"

hence) Comnion. K^if Comp.: commQn-lor ; Sup.: commun-isslmus.comp5ra-nduo, nda, ndum, gcrund-

iveof C'imp:ir(a)-or.

com-pareo, partii,no supine, pSrcrc,

2. V. n. [com ; parco, "toappear"] Toappear, to show one't let/.

com-poUo, pttli, pulsnm, pellfire, C.

V. a. 1, To drtre logelJier.—2. To /orce,eonslmin, compel.—Pass.: com-pellor,pulsus sum, pelli.

com-p3r-lo, compOri, compcrtnm,compirire, 1. v. a. [co:n ; root PEii, akinto pcr-ior, " to ]ia,-a through"] (" To goor pos.-; throiipli a thing;" hence) Tofind oiit aixiiiatily ; to ascerlain, learn,—Pass.: com-p6r-Ior, compcrtus smn,compfriri.

compcr-tua, t.n, tum, x^art. perf. ofcomi)or-ior.

COm-plSo, plC-vi , plCtum, plere, 2. v. a.

[com ; pleo, "to fiU"] To fill quite orenlirelij : tofillupor/ull; lo fiU.—Pass.:COm-plSor, plrtus sinn, plCri.

complcxus, us, m. [for complcct-sus

;

fr. coiiiplect-or, " to ciiibrace"] An em-braciiig, on embrace.

com-pono, posiii, pDsItum, ponEre,3. V. a. 1. To put together. —2. 7'o com-pose or icrite.—3. To arrange or settle.—4. Tofinish.—Pass.: com-ponor, p<3sl-

tus sum, pijiii.

compos-ltus, Tta. Itum, part. perf.of coui])o(s) iiur, th.o.igh true root com-pos.

compiita-tlo, tlOnis, f. [comput(a)-o," to reckon "] A reckoning, arrangement.con-cedo, cessi, cessuui, ctdcre, v. a.

and n. 1. Act.: To granl, allow,concede.

2. Neut.: 7'o icitMraw, depait, rclire,—Pas.*;. : con-cedor, cc5.~us suin, cwli.

conccs-sus (for conccd-sus), sa, sum,part. pi:f. of conced-or.con-cido, cldi, no siipine, cldCre, 3.

V. n. [for con-cMo] 1 , To /all ulleriy, to

/all doicn.—2. To/all iu battle.

concl-to, tavi, tatum, tare, 1. v. a.

intcns. [conci-eo, " to ir.ove violent.ly "]

1, 7'o set 111 violent motion.— 2. To rouse,

stir up, excile.—Pass.: concl-tor, tatussum, tari.

concl-tor, toris, m. [id.] One whorouses, stirs up, or excites; an inciler, in-

sligator.

con-cludo, clusi, clusum, clfuKre, 3.

V. a. 1. 7'o shut up, close.—2. To coiifine.

3. Tu cnd,finish, conclude.—Pass.: con-cludor, clusus sum, cludi.

conclii-sus (for conclud-sus) , sa, sum,part. ])erf . of contlud-or.conciib-ina, mce, f. [concub-o, " to

lie tofritlier"] A concubine, a mistrcss.

cond-ltlo, Itlonis, f. [cond-o] (" Aputtiii;,' togethcr;" hence) A stipulation ;

terms, ngreemenl, condition.

cond-Itor, Itoris, m. [cond-o] 1. A/ounder.—2. A builder.

cond-Itus, Ita, Itum, part. pcrf. of

cond-or.

con-do, dTdi, dltum, dCre, 3. v. a[con ; do, " to put ''] (" To put togother ;''

hcnct) 1. 7'o /ound, estublish.—2. Tobuild.—ra.-s.: con-dor, dltus sum, di.

coufec-tus (for conlac-tus), ta, tum,part. jiorf. of confic-ior, through tixeroot CO.VFAC.

102 VOCAIjULAUY.

COn-fSro, contQli, collatum, confen-e,

3. V. a. 1.: a. To bring or can-ij to-

gether.—h. To coittrWule or coUect.—c. To

compare.—2.: a. To bear, carnj, conveii.

—b. Witlipcrsonal pron.: Tobciakc ants

teJf, to (/o.—Tass.: con-feror, collatus

Buni, conterri.

con-fIcXo, fOci, fcctum, flcEre, 3. v. a.

[for con-facio] ("To niake thorouglily ;"

hence) 1. To prepare, bring about, ac-

complish, exeeute.—2. To put an end to, to

Hnish.—Z. To kill, destroy.—Vasa.: con-ficlor, fectus sum, flci.

configo, fixi, fixum, flgere, 3. v. a.

1. To join ov /asten together. — 2. To

pierce through, transfi.v,—Va.is. : con-ftgor, fixus sum, figi.

con-fligo, fiixi, flictum, fllgSrc, 3.

V. n. and a. 1. Neut.: To le in conflict;

io contend,fight, engage, enccunter; tocome

to an engagement.—2. Act.: To strike to-

gether.—Vsxss.: con-fligor, flictus sum,

con-fluo, fluxi, fluxum, fluere, o.

X. n. 1. To floio together.—2, 2'o flock

or croicd together.

con-f5Cio, foJi, fossum,foderc, [con;

fodio, " to dig "] 1. To dig thoroughly.—

2. To pierce through, transfix. —Fa.ss.:

con-fodior, fossus sum, fodi.

con-fuglo, fugi, fiigitum, fugere, 3.

V. n. {" To flee to a persou in order to

1;.G witli liim; " hence) To flee for refuge

ox succour.

con-fcindo, fudi, fusum, fundere, 3.

V. a. 1. To pour togelher.—2. To con-

faund, confuse, jumble together.—Vass.:

con-fimdor, fusus sum, fimdi.

confu-sus (for confud-sus), sa, sum,

part. pcrf. of confu(n)d-or, througli true

rOOt COXFUD.con-gero, gessi, gestum, gerere, 3.

V. a. 1. To bear, bring, or carry together.

—2. To heap or pile zip.—Va.ss.: con-geror, gestus sum, g6ri.

congrega-tus, ta, tum, part. perf.

of congreg(a)-o.

con-greg-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a.

[con ;grex, greg-is, "a flocli"] 1. TO

collectintoa /lock.—2. To gather together,

assemble, coflect.—V&ss. : con-greg-or,atus sum, ari.

conjec-tus (for coujac-tus), ta, tum,

part. perf. of conjic-ior, thi-ougli true

rOOt CONJAC.con-jiclo, icci.jectum, jicere, 3. v. a.

[for con-jacio] To throw or cast together.

—Pass.: con-jicior, joctus sum, jici.

con-jungo, junxi, junctum, jungere,

3. V. a. To join together, to unite.—Va&s.:

con-jungor, junctus sum, iungi.

conjura-tio, tlonis, f. [coujur(a)-o]

A. conspiring, a conspiracy.

conjuratum est, v. conjuro.

conjiira-tus, ta, tum. part. perf. of

conjur(a)-or, in reflexive force : Ilaving

conspired.— As Subst.: conjuratus, i,

m. A conspirator.

CODJiiro, jiiravi, juratum, jurare, 1.

V. a. 1. To strear together or i» comrr.on,

—2. To ccnsiure.—VasB. : con-jtiror,juratus sum, jurari.—Impers. perf. pass.:

conjuratuni est, ft tvas conspired, i. e.

a conspiracy icasformed.con-or, atus sum, ari. 1. v. dep.

[ 'tym. uncertain] To attempt, ti-y, endea-

ii '.;, undertake.

conscend-ens, entls, part. pres. of

conscend-o.con-scendo, scendi, scensum,Ecend-

6re, 3. v.a. [for con-scando, fr. con; scando," to moimt "] To mount, aHend.—Va,ss.

:

con-scendor, scensus sum, scendi.

con-secro, s6cravi, sScratum, secrare,

1. V. a. [for con-saoro; fr. con; sacro,

"to make sacred"] (" To make wholly

sacred;" hence) 1. Of things : To con-

secrate, dedicate, devote.—2. Of persons

:

2'o elevate to the rank of a deity; to deify.

— Pass. : con-secror, secratus sum,

secrari.

con-senesco, sCnui, no supme, sen-

escere, 3. v. n. [con ; sonesco, " to growold"] To groio old together; to grov) or

become otd.

con-sentio, sensi, sensum, sentire, 3.

v. n. and a. [con ; sentio, "to feel"]

("To fccl in common with auother ;"

hence) 1. Keut.: To agree, aaord,orharmonise in opinion iciih; toheunanim-

0US.—2. Act.: To «(/;•(?£ '0 something.

con-sido, stdi, sessum, sldere, 3. v. n.

[con; sido, " to sit down"] 1. To sit

dou-n icilh or together.—2. To settle.—3. To

encamp, pitch one's camp, to take up on€'s

station.

consil-iuni, ii, n. [prob. for consul-

ium; fr. consul-o, "to consult"] 1. Aconsulting ; deliberation , consultation, coun-

sel.—2. A purpose, plan.

con-sobrinus, sobrini, m. A (mak)counsin-gerinan on the father"s or mo-ther"s side.

1. conspec-tus, ta, tum, part. perf.

of conspic-ior, tlu-ough true root coxspec.

2. conspec-tus, tus, m. [fr. conspic-

io ; through true root coxspec] A look,

sight. vieir.

con-spicio, spexi, spectum, spicere,

3. V. a. [for con-specio ; fr. con ; specio,

"to see or behold"] 1. To look at tcith

attention.—2. Tobchold, see.-Va&s.: con-spicior, spectus sum, spici.

ConstanUnopolis, is, f. Cons.tanti-

nople; V. Bvzantium.con-stitiio, stltiii, stitutum, stitii-

ere, 3. v. a. [for con-statuo ; fr. con

;

statuo, "to setup"] 1. To set,place,or

put togelher.—2. To establish or found.—3. To erect, set vp.—i. To uppoint.—b.

To settle, appoint, agree upon, flx.—Vass.:

con-stitiior, stltatus sum, stltiii.

con-sto, stlti, statum, stare, i. v. n.

1. To stand firin or imnwvable.—2. To

beestablished,settled, certain, evident.—lm-

pers.: constat, etc. II is.eto., eviden^

consfle-tiido, tudlnis, f. [for con-

suet-tudo ; fr. consuet-us, " accustomed"]

VOCABDLAUY. 103

i•• TUo quality of tho consuetus

;

"

hencc) Cuttom, habit, ute, usage.

consol, tUls, m. [ctym. disputed

;

prob. cousul-o, ond eo, " thecounstUor"]A cousiil: one of thc two chicf niagis-tr.ilcs of the Uoman state, cho.-icn annu-ally aftor tho cxpulsion of tho kings.

consiil-aris, are, adj. [consulj 0/,or belonijing lo, a consul ; consular.

constil-atus, atus, m. [id.] T^^'

o^ci o/ consul ; the consulate or consuls/iip.

consiil-o, Qi.tum, 6re, 3. v. a. [etym.uiicertaiu] To consult.—Pass.: consiU-or, cousultus sum, consflJi.

consul-tus, ta, tum : 1. Tart. perf.

of consul-o.—2. Pa. : Knotcing, skil/ul,

skilleJ, experienced. (QJ* Sup.: consult-isstmus.

con-siimo, sumpsi, sumptum, sQm-Cre, 3. V. a. (" To talic wholly or com-pletely ;" hencc) 1. To devour, consume.—2. To tcaste. — Pass.: con-silmor,Eumptns sum, siimi.

con-temno, tcmpsi, tcmptum, temn-ere, 3. v. a. To esteein liijlilly, hold in

coniempt,despise, conlemn.—Puis.: con-tenmor, tomptus sum, tcmni.contem-ptus (contcm-tus ), ta,

tum, part. i)crf. of contem-iior.

con-tcndo, tenJi, tensuin or teutum,tendOre, 3. v. a. 1. To strelch or slrain

xiolently or tcith all one's mi<jht.—2. Withcursum,etc.,oralone : To bend one's coui-se

or sleps.— 3. To go, travel,journey eagerli/.

contcn-tlo, tlOnis, f. [for contend-tio ; fr. contend-o} A straining violently;

effort, exertion, earnestness.

con-tlneo, tlnQi, tentum, tlnere, 2.

V. a. [for con-tcneo] 1. To hold or keeptogettier.—2. To hold back, reslrain, keepin: contincre se, to keep or con/ine one's

«//.— Pass. : con-tlnior, tentus sum,tlncri.

con-tingo, tTgi, tactum, tingSre, 3.

V. a. and n. [for con-tango] 1. Act.: Totouch, take Iwld o/.~2. Neut.: To happen,fall out, turn out, come to pass.— Pass.:

con-tingor, tactus sum, tingi.

contXn-ilus, tia, iium,adj. [contiu-eo]

1. Iloldiiirj or keepiiig lorjether.— 2. Un-inlerrupled, successive, continuous.

contra, prep. and adv. 1, Prcp. gov.acc.: Against.—2. Adv.: a. Over against,

oppjosile.—b. On the other hand.contradictum est, v. contradico.

contradic-ens, entis, part. pres. of

contradic-o.

contra-dico, di.xi, dictum, dlcCre, 3.

V. a. To speak aguin, oppose in speaking,contradicl.—Pass. : contra-dicor, dictus

Eum, dici.—Impcr.i. perf. pass. : contra-dictum est, II v:as spoken againsl, i. e.

a contradiction was given or made.con-v6nIo, veni, ventum, venire, 4.

V. n. and a. 1. To come or meet together

;

to asseinble.—2. To agree lo or upon.conven-tus, tiis, m. [conven-io] 1.

A coming or meeting together. — 2. Anattembly, assemblage.

conver-Bns(foroonvert-8us),sa,suin,part. pcrf. of convert-or.

con-verto, verti, versum, vcrtcrc, 3.V. a. and n. [con; verto, " to tiirii"] 1.Ncnt. : To luin one's sel/,to lurn, to betaktone'3 sel/.—2. Act. : a. To turn, lo tumround.—b. SVith Personal pron.: 7'o lurnone's sel/ round, to turn round.— c. Tochange, aller.—Pass.: con-vertor, ver-sus sum, vcrti : (a) To be lurned rr.ind.—(b) In rellc.tive forco : To lurn ciussef/round; to turn romid.con-vic-Ium, Ti, n. [prob. for con-

I

voc-ium; fr. con ; vox, voc-is] ("Athingpertaining to vox;" hence) 1. A violent

or loud noise.—2. A cry o/ trrangling ordisputing.—3. Abuse, reviling, insult.—A.Censure, reproo/.

convic-tus (for convi(n)c-tus), ta,

tum, part. perf. of convi(n)c-or, throughtrue root co.NVlC.

con-vinco, vici, victum, vinccre, 3.

V. a. (" To thoroughly conquer or over-come;" hence) To /ind guilty, convicl.—Pass.: con-vincor, victus sum, vinci.

con-viv-Ium, li, n. [con; viv-oj(" A living together ; " hence) A meal incompany; a/east, banquet.

c6-p-la, Ite, f. [contracted from oo-op-ia; fr. co; op-es, " plenty," " strength ']

1. Pleritii.—2. Plur.: Forces, troops.

copi-osus, osa, osum, adj. [copi-a]( " Full of copia;" honce) Plenli/ul,

abundant. B^ Comp. : cOpIos-Tor

;

Sup.: coplos-isslmus.

CSrinth-Ius, Ta, lum, adj. [Corinth-us] O/, or belonrjing to, Corinth ; Corinth-

ian.— AsSubst.: Corinthius, i, m. Zman o/ Corinlh ; a Corinthiun.

CorintllUS, i, f. Corinth (r.ow Coriio

or Coranto); a city of Achaia, situatc outhe isthmus joining Southcrn aud North-em Oreece [Gr. Kopti/dos].

C5rIoli, orum, m. Corioli; a townof Latium, cuptured and dcstroyed l^Q. Marcius.

Cornellus, li, m. Cornelius ; a Bouutnname.COr-nu, nus, n. 1. A horn.—2. Tlte

vcing of an army [akin to Gr. Ke',)-a?].

corp-us, oris, n. (" That which 1j

mado or formed," i.e. created ; hence) Aboily [akin to Sanscrit root kliup, " tomake"].correc-tus (for correg-tus), ta, tum,

jiai-t. pcrf. of coiTig-or, through true

rOOt COUIIEG.

cor-rlgo, re.xi, rcctum, rlgere, 3. v. a.

[for con-rego] 1. To make straight.—2.To iinpioi-e, amend, correct.—Pass.: cor-rlgor, rcctus sum, rTgi.

cor-rumpo, rupi, ruptum, rumpCre,3. V. a. [for cou-rumpo] ("To breakcompletely;" hence) 1. To destroy, breaktopieces.—2. To corrupt, bribe.—3. To mis-lead,seduce, debauch.—Pass. : cor-rump-or, ruptus sum, rumpi.corrup-tus, ta, tum, parl. porf. of

con:u(in)p-or, through true rootcoUBDP.

104 V0CABU1.A''.T

CorsYca, k, t. Corsica; an island in

the Meditenanean Sea, •vvhich still bears

its ancient name.1. cor-vus, vi, m. ("Tiie crier or

croalier;" lience) A raven [Sanscrit root

KRUC, "tocry"].2. Corvus, i, m. [1. corvns] (Ravcn)

Corvus; a name given to M. Valerius,

because in a combatwith a Gaul, he wasgreatly assistcd by a raven, which withits winga and talons struck at the eyes of

his adversary, and thereby greatly con-

tributed to his defeat. His descendants

were callcd Corvjni.

Corycus (Corycos), i, f. Corycus

or Corvcos ; a town and also a promontoryof Cilicia, famous for its production of

saffron.

Cosconlus, ii, m. Cosconius ; a Rom-an proconsul.

Cotta, K, m. Cotta ; a Roman name.Cottlus, li, n. Coltius; the name of

two kings of NorLhrrn Italy.— Hence,

Cotti-vis, a. imi, adj. 0/, or belonging

io, Cotlius; Cottian.

Cotys, yos, m. Cotys; a name of

certain Thracian kings.

Crassus, i, m. [ crassus, " gross "]

Crassus (M. Licinius); a Rom.an triumvir,

defeated and slain by the Pai-thians B.O.

S3.

crea-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. of

cre(a)-or.

cre-ber, bra, brum, adj. [cre-sco]

i" Made to increase ; " hence) Thick, close,

frequent, numerous. BSSS" Comp.: crebr-

lor; Sup.: creber-rimus.

cre-do, didi, dltum, dSre, 3. v.n. anda. 1. Neut.: To believe, trust, creclit.— 2.

Act. : To believe, trust, or credit a person ;

to give one credence.—rass.: cre-dor,ditus sum, di [akin to Sanacrit crat,

"faith;" do, " toput"].

cre-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a. 1. To

make, form, create.— 2. To appoint.—Pass.: cre-or, atus sum, ari [akin to

Sanscrit root KM, " to make"].cre-sco, vi, tum, scSre, 3. v. n. 1, To

come forth , to arise, spring up, be born.—2. To increase, grow large [akin to San-

scrit root siu, " to go"].

Creta, x, f. Creta or Crete (now Can-

dia) ; an island in the Mediterranean Sea.

Cret-ieus, lca, icum, adj. [Cret-a]

0/, or belonging to, Crete; Cretan.— AsSubst. : Cretlcus, i, m. Creticus, i. e.

" the man or the conqueror of Crete ; " a

name given to Q. Metellus, from his sub-

jugation of that island.

Crixus, i, m. Crijcus; a man's name.criidel-itas, itatis, f. [crudel-is,

" cruel "] (" The quality of the crudelis ;"

hence) Severily, barbarity, cruelty.

crudel-iter, adv. [id.] With severity

or barbarily; cruelly.

crii-entus, enta, entum, adj. [prob.

akin to cru-or, "blood' ] 1. Bloody,

b!ood-stained.— 2. Cruel. ^W Comp.:crfient-ior; Sup.: cruent-issimus.

Crustum-ini, inorum, m. (.Crustum-

Tura; " Crustumium ;" a Sabine town]The people o/Crustumium ; the Crustumini.

1. cum, adv. and conj. v. quum.2. cum, prep. gov. abl. With, in con

nection or in conimon tcith [akin to San-scrit sam ; Gr. fur, <tvv, " with"].cunctus, a, um (mostly plur. cuncti,

a\ a), adj. [contracted fr. conjunctusj(" Joined together;" hence) United into a

tchole or body ; all ; all together ; the whole.

ctipld-ltas, It.atis, f. [cupid-us, " de-

sirous"] ("Thestateof the cupidus;"lience) A longing, desire, eagerness,

ciir-a, x, f. [for ccer-a; fr. coer-o, old

form of qucer-o] (" The seeking or en-

quiringthing;" hence) 1. Care,attention.

— 2. Anxiely, solicitude, concern, ditquiet,

trouble.

ciir-ia, ia;, f. [etym. disputed] 1. Acuria or jra?'i/ of Rome.— 2. The Senate-

hoHse.~3. The Senate.

Curio, onis, m. Cu7-io ; a Romanname.Curius, li, m. Curius; a Roman

namo.curr-0, ciScui-ri, cursum, currgre, 3.

V. n. To go or move quickly; io run; to

hasten [akin to Sanscrit root kak, " to

go"]-curr-us, us, m. [curr-o] (" A run-

ning ; " " that which runs ; " hence) Achariot.

Cursor, 6ris,m. [cursor,"arunner"]Cursor; the cognomen of L. Papirius.

cur-sus, sus, m. [for curr-sus; fr.

curr-o] 1. A moving quickly; a running,

march, passage, voyuge, journey.— 2. Acourse, purpose, career.

custod-la, iM, f. [custod-io, " to

giaard"] 1. A keeping guard.—2. Custody.

—3. A place ofcustody; a prison.

Cyrene, es, f. Cyrene (now Kuren);the capital of the Cyrenaica, founded bya colony of Greeks under Battus, b. c. 628.

Cyzic-enus, ena, enum, adj. Of, orbelonging to, Cyzicus; Cyzicene.

C^zicus, i, f. Cyzicus (now Chizico);

a town of Mysia on a neck of land in the

Black Sea.

Daci, orum, m. The Daci or Dcicians:

a warlike people of the districts nowforming TJpper Hungary, Transylvania,

Moldavia, Wallachia, and Bessarabia.—Hence, Dac-laj iae, f. The country of the

Daei; Dacia.

Dalmatae, arum, m. 77;« Dalmatce

or Dalmatians ; a people on the eastemcoast of the Adriatic—Hence, Dalmat-la, fe, f. The country of the Dalmatce;

Dalmatia.damna-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. of

damn(a)-or.damn-o,avi,atum, are,l. v. a. [damn-

um; "hurt"] 1. To occasion harm,hurt,

loss, or damage to.— 2. To condcmn.—Pass. : damn-or, atus sum, ari.

VOCABULAUV. 105

da-na, a.Hs. V. of d(aVo.Danub-Iiis, 11, m. The Danubf ; the

large.-t rivcr in Eiiropc. It rises In theeoutliiTii part of Gennany ; and, aftcrreceiviiig in its course tho watcrs ofmore tliiin sixty tiversi, which flow intoit, it f.ills into the Euxine Sea. It wascalled by the Grceks tlironghout thewhole of its course tho Istcr ; but theRomans pave this name to that part ofIt only which was between the Euxineand IUyncum ; theothcr part thcy calledDannbius.Daphn-cnses, enslum.m. [Daphn-c

;

" Daphne ; '' a grove dedicated to vol-nptuou-noss and luxury, about six milesfrom Antioch. It ig now called Beit-el-

Mar , i.e. The House of Watcr] T/ie

peopU 0/ Oapnne; Ihe Daphnenses.Dardini, orum, m. Tlie Dardani,OT

Danlniis : a people of Upper Moesia, themodeni Servia.

da-tus, ta, tum, part. pcrf. of d(a)-

or.

de,prep. gov. abl. 1. From,awayfrom,dotcn /rom.—2. 0/, or concerning ; re-

spectinn.

de-b6o, bCii, bltum, bere, 2. v. a.

[contractcd fr. de-habeo] (" To have,keep, or hold, from" a person ; hence) 1.

To oire.—2. With inf. mood foUowing :

/, etc, ouijhl, muft, do, etc.

de-cedo, cessi, ccssum, ctdure, 3. v.

n. 1. To go arcaji, depart.—2. To depart

from life, to die; morbo deccdere, to die

by disea.^e, i.e. io die a natural death, andnot to be cut off by poison, assassination,

war, etc.

dec-cm, num. adj. iiidccl. Ten [akinto Sanscrit da<;-am, to Gr. ieic-a, " ten."]

decein-vlri, vlrorum, m. plur. (" Tenmen ;" hence) Decemviri, or Decemvirs; aboard of Roman magistrates consistingof

tcn men. In sing. decem-vir, vlri, m.One of the decemvirs; a decemvir.

decep-tus (for decaptus), ta, tum,part. perf. of decip-ior, througb trucreotDECAT.de-cemo, crevi, crctum, cernSre, S.

v. a. 1. To judge, or determine about.—2. To decree, order, appoint.—Pass.: de-cemor, crctus sum, cemi.dec-et, fiit, nosupine,c-re, 2. v. n. im-

pers. /t is seemly, or becoming ; it becomes.

l.d§c-Imus, Ima.Imiun.adj. [dec-em]Tenth.

2. DScImus, i, m. [1. decimus] De-cimus ; a nian's name.de-clplo, cepi, ccptum, clpSre, 3. v. a.

[for de-capio] To calch, ensnare, entrap,begiiile, deceive, impose upon.—Pass.: de-clplor, ceptus sum, clpi.

DScius, li, m. Decius; a Romanname : esp. Decius Mus ; a Romancon=ul wlio, devoting his life to the DiiManes, or gods of the infemal regions,

ftccording to a form prescribed by apriest, rushed into the thickcst of theenemy, and fell, picrccd by iniiumcrable

wound.». Animatcd by thia cxample ofintrcpid bravery, tho Roman soldicrsfonght with an uttcr contenipt of life,

and n»uted the cnemy with most fearfulslaiightcr. Dccius, iii acting os he did,only foUowed tho exainple of liis fatherand graiidfather, who hail likcwise de-votod tlicmselves to the Dii ManCs fortlieir country'8 sake ; the foriiKr, whenfightinp against the Gaiils and Samnites,in his fourth consulship, B.c. 29(;, or a.U.4.')7

; the latter in an enjagement witlithe Latins. b.c. 338, or A.u. 41.5. Thoevent occurred B.c. 279, or A.u. 474.

d8c6r-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a.

[decus, dec.Jr-is, "omament"] To adorn,grace, honour.—Pass.: d5c6r-or, fitus

sum, ari.

decre-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. ofdccer-no, through true root deciuj.

de-dScu3, decoris, n. [de ; decos," grace "

] Disgrnce, shame, dishonour.dedlca-tlo, tlonis, f. rdedic(a)-o, "to

dedicate or devote"] Dedication, consecr-ation.

dgd-Itlo, Itlonis, f. [ded-o] A sur-rendering, surrender, capitulation.

ded-Itus, Ita, Itum, part. pcrf. ofded-or.

de-do, dldi, dltum, dCre, 3. v. a. [de,

do, " to put"] (" To put away or removefrom one's self ;" hence) 1. To giveup;to deliver up; to surrender.—2. Withpersonal pron. : To give one's selfup; lo

surrender, yield, capitulale.—Pass.: d§-dor, dTtus sum, di.

de-duco, duxi, ductum, duc6re, 3.

V. a. 1. To tead away.—2. Of a colony orcolonists : To lead forth, conducl.—Pass.

:

de-dQcor, ductus sum, duci.

defend-endus, enda, endum, gerun-dive of defend-or.

de-fendo, fcndi, fonsum, fendCre, 3.

V. a. 1. To beat, or ward off.—2. To de-

fend,protect.—Pass.: de-fendoi", fonsua6um, tendi [de; obsolete fendo, akin toGr. root 6ei', whence 6eiv-u), " to beat"]defen-sor, sSris, m. [for defend-sor ;

fr. defend-o] A defender, protector. guard,guardian.defen-sus (for dcfend-sus), sa, suni,

part. pcrf. of dcfend-or.

de-fSro, tuli, latum, ferre, 3. v. a.

1, 7'o bring, or carry down.—2. To bring,entrust, commit, confer.— Fass. : d5-fSror, latus sum, ferri.

deform-o, avi, atum, aro, 1. v. a.

[deform-is," devoidof sbape"] (" Tomakedeformis ;" hence) 1. To disfigure. spoil,

mar.—2. To dishonour, disgrace.—Pass.:

deform-or, atus sum, Sri.

defunc-tus (for de-fungtus), ta.tum, part. perf. of defung-or.dS-fungor, functus sum, fungi, 3. v,

dep. [de ; fungor, "to perform"] 1. Tocomplete/y perform ; lo discharge.—2. Tohave done with ; to fulfil or complele.—De-funpi vita, To have done with l{fe, i.e.

to die.

f3

106 VOCABULARY.

deiu, V. deinde.

de-indc (abbreviated dein), adv. 1.

Afier lhal,aflencards.^2. In an enumer-ation of facts : In l/ie next place, then.

Del5tarus, i, m. Deiotarus; king of

Galatia, aitcrwards king of Armeniailinor, and a part of Pontus.

d^ec-tus (for dejac-tus), ta, timi,

part. perf. of dejic-ior, througli true root

DEJAC.de-jlclo, jeci, jcctum, jlcere, 3. v. a.

[for de-jacio] To cast or t/iroic dotcn.—Pass.: de-jiclor, jectus sum, jici.

dela-tus,ta,tum,part.perf. ofdeferor,

tlirougli de ; LA, root of la-tum ; v. fero.

delec-to, tavi, tatum, tare, 1. v. a.

[for delac-to, from delic-io, " to allure

eiceedingly," through true root delac]To deUght,please, aniuse.—Pass.: delec-tor, tatus sum, tari ; In refle.xive force

;

To de!ighl,please, or amuse one's sel/; io

delight, tobe pleased.

dele-ndus, nda, ndum, gerundive of

dele-cr.

de-Ieo, Itvi, letum, lere, 2. v. a. [de

:

leo, "to blot"] 1. To abo!ish.—2. Tbdestroy, annihilate, exterminate.—3. Tohlot out, fTface.—Pass. : de-leor, letus

6nm, leri.

dele-tus, ta, tum,part. perf. of dele-or.

delic-ise, larum, f. [delic-io, " to

allure"] ("Alluring things;" hence)Blandishments, pleasures, delighls.

de-mergo, mersi, mersum, mergL-re,

3. V. a. 1, To dip or plunge a thing doicn

into; to immerse.—2. Of a vessel : Tosini:—Pass.: de-mergor, mersus sum,mergi.Demetrlus, li, m. Demetrius ; a son

of Philip, king of ilacedon [AijAL^-pios," One belongingto Demeter or Ceres"].

de-mum. At length, at last [akin to

Gr.6>)].denique, adv. 1. And thereupon,

and then.—2. At length, at last.

Dentatus, i, m. [dentatus, " havingteeth"] Dentatus ; a 'S.oma.n name.de-nuntio (-nuncio), ntmtiavi,

nuntiattuu, nuntiare, 1. v. a. 1. Toannounce, intimate,declare.—2. To menace,ihreaten, denbunce.—Pass.: de-nuntior(-mmcior), nuntiatus sum, nuntlari.

de-pono, postii, positum, ponere, 3.

V. a. 1. To put, lay.OT set down.—2. 2'o

lay aside.—Pass. : de-ponor, positus

Eum, poni.

de-p6puIor, popiilatus stim, popiil-

axi, 1. V. dep. [de ; poptilor, " to lay

vvaste "] To lay utierly tcaste ; to ravage,

plunder, pillage.

depreca-tlo, tionis, f. [deprec(a)-

or, " to avert by prayer "] An averting byprayer; a deprccating, deprecation; anearnest entreatu for fc-^iveness, etc.

|

de-prehendo, prehendi, prehensum, !

prehendere, 3. v. a. [de;prehendo, " to

|

seize"] To s:ia!ch aicay ; to seize vpon, '

eaich, lay IwlJ o/.—Vass.: de-preh.end-Or, prchensas sam, prehendi.

deprehen-sus (for deprehend-sna),sa, sum, part. perf. of deprehend-or.de-scribo, scripsi,scriptum, scribgre,

3. V. a. 1.: a. Tocopy off; lo transcribe,

—b. To mark off, to mark out.—2. Toitrite dou^n.—Vass,. : de-scribor, scrip-tus sum, scribi.

de-sero, sertii, sertum, sergre, 3. v. a.[de ; sero, " to set in order"] (" To undoor sever one's connection with another ;"

hence) To leare in . the lurch ; to /orsake,abandon.—Pass.: de-seror, sertus stim,seri.

deser-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. of de-ser-or.

de-sino, sivi or sil, sltum, slnSre, 3.

v. n. [dc; sino, "to put or lay down"3(" To put or lay dowTi from oue's self

;

"

hence) To leave off or give over ; to dtsist,

cease.

despera-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. oidesper(a)-or.

de-spero, speravi, speratr,m, sperare,1. V. n. and a. [de; spero, "to hope"]1. Xeut. To be hopeless, to despair.—2.Act.: To lose hope about, to despair o/.—Pass.: de-speror, speratus sum, sper-ari.

de-stltuo, stltiii, stitiitum, stltiiSre,

3. V. a. [for do-statuo ; fr.de; statuo," to sc-t or place"] ("To set or placeavray from one's self

; " hence) To leave

alone, /orsake, abandon, deserl.—Pass.:

de-stltuor, stittitus stmi, stitiii.

destltii-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. ofdestitu-or.

de-tergeo, tcrsi, tersum, tergere, 2.

V. a. [de ; tergeo, " to wipe"] To wipeoff 01 aicay.—Pass. : de-tergeor, tersusstmi, tergeri.

deter-sus (for deterg-sus), sa, sum,part. perf. o£ deterg-eor.

de-traho, traxi, tractum, trahere, 3.

V. a. To draw off; to pull or drag down ;

to takeaway, take off.—Vasa. : de-trahor,tracttis sum, trihi.

deus, i, m. A god [aMn to Gr. fleos]

devlc-tus, ta, tum, pprt. pc-rf. of de-vinc-or ; tlirough true root de\T[C.

de-vinco, vici, victum, ^"incere, 3.

V. a, To utterly conquer ; io vanguish orsubJue.—Pass.: de-vincor, victussimi,vinci.

dex-ter, tra, trum, adj. To the righi,

on the righl side or hand, right [akin to 6r

.

cej-ios].

di, V. dis.

dladema, atis, n. A royal head-dress, a diadem [SnxSiiiia, " a band

"

\vorn round the hea.i ; " a diadem "].

dic-o, dixi, dictum, dlcere, 3. v. a.

(" To show or poiiit out by speaking ;

"

hence) To say, iell, call, mention, relate,

speak. — Pass. : dic-or, tus sum, 1.

[akin to Gr. 5eiK-i-v/i', "to show."]dicta-tor, toris, m. [dict(a)-o, "to

say frequently, to order"] ("He whoorders;" hence) Adiciator; a suprememagistrate at Bomc, appointed only ia

VOCABULARY. 107

re:i>ons of emcrgency, wbosc power wasalsolutc, an.i oontmued—unless TOlunto-rily r(sioTied—for &ix mcnth».dicta-tQra, tura>,f. [id.] (•' Anordcr-

ing;

" •' the offlee of one who orders;

"

hencc) TTu dictatorship.

dic-tUB, ta, tum, part. pcrf. of dic-or.dl-cs, Ci. m. A cUtij [akin to Sonscrit

..:.• a day "].

dififSr-endo, gcrund from differ-o.

dif-f§ro, disiClU, dilatum, differre, 3.

V. a. [for dii-fero] 1. To carry aparl ordiff'.rfnt tcayj.—2. To put off, dtlay.—Pass.: dif-fSror, dilatus sum, differri.

difflcn-e, adv. [difflcll-is, " diffi-

cult "] With difficuUy, in a difficuH icay ormanner. ^gT Comp. : difflcU-Ius ; Sup.

:

difricil-IIme.

dif-fldo, fiBus stmi, fidCre, 3. v. n.pas--:. [fordis-fido,fr.difl;fido, "totrust"]Xot to truil, to mistrust, lo be distrust/ul.

dif-ftigio, fugi, fagltum, fiSg^e, 3.

V. n. [for dis-fugio] To JUt in differentdirections; to disperse, be seattered, scatter

(themselves) inflight.

dign-Ita!s, ItHtis, f. [dign-us, " wor-thy "j (" The condition of thedignus;"hence) 1. Worthiness,tcorth, merit,desert.— 2. Digniiy, greatness. — 3. Honour,office.

dign-or, atus sum, ari, 1. v. dep.[id.] 1. TodeemoT think uorlhy.—2. Todeign.

dilec-tns (for dileg-tus), ta, tum,part. perf. of dilig-or, throngh true rootDILEG.dHIg-ens, entis: 1. Part. pres. of

dilig-o. — 2. Pa. ( " CHioosing out ;"

hence): Diligent, careful. S9~ Comp.:dillgent-Ior ; Sup. : dfilgent-isslmus.

dillgent-Ia, lae, f. [diligens, diligent-

is] IHligence, industry, care.

dl-llgo, lexi, lectum, llgSre, 3. v. a.

[for di-lego] (" To distingtiish by select-

ing from others ; " hecce) To talue oresteem htghly; to lore.—Pass. : di-llgor,lectus stmi, llgL

dlmlca-ns, ntis, part. pres. of dl-

mic(a)-o.

dimlca-tlo, tlonis, f. [ dimic(a)-o ]

A fighting ; a fiijht, contest, struggle.

di-mlco, mlcavi or mlciii, mlcatum,mlcare, 1. v. n. (" Tomove rapidly back-wards and forwards ; to brandish wea-pons, etc.;" hence) To fight, combat,struggle, tontend. — Impers. perf. pass.

:

dlmlcattun est, It yasfought.dl-mldltun, mldli, n. [for de-me-

dium ; fr. de ; mcdiimi, neut. of medius]( " A thing parted in the middle ;

"

hence) Half.di-mlndo, mlnQi, mlnuttmi, mlnJi-

Cre, 3. V. a. [di; minuo, "to lessen "]

("To lessen esceedingly ;

" hence) Tobreai OT dash to pieces.—Pass.: di-mln-iior, mlnufjs sum, mlnQi.dimis-sus (for dimitt-sus), sa, sum,

part. !.>ert. of uimitt-or.

di-mitto, misi, missum, mittire, 3.

V. a. To send airay.—Vass.: di-mittor,n.ii-sas sum, mitti.

DiSgSnes, m. Diogenes ; a son alArchelaus, the gcneral of Mithridatee[Aio-y<>T)«, " Jove-sprung"].direp-tos ( for dirap-tus ), ta, tum,

part. pcif. of dirip-ior, through true rootDIU.U».

di-riplo, rlpili, reptum, rlp^-rc, 3. v. a.

[for di-rapio] 1. To tear asunder or in

pieces.—2. To lay tcaste, rarage, detpoil,

plunder.—Pass.: di-rlplor, reptus sum.rlpi.

dl-rtio, rfii, riitum,riiere, 3. v. a. [dl

;

riio, "to cause to fall, to da.sh down "J( •' To Ecparatc by dasbing down;"hence) To orerthrotc, destroy.

I dis or di, an inseparable particle. 1.Apart, aicay.—2. Asunder, in pieces.—3.In different directions.—4. In a negative

! force : Xot.—5. iluch, greatly, very.—6.Completelu, quite.—7. To or among. —8. To

\strengthcn the word to which it is pre-

fijted, yet without altering the Englisb

I

rendering of such word.dis-cedo, cessi, cessnm, cedere, 8.

!

V. n. To go aicay; to depart.

Idiscipl-ina, Inae, f. [contracted froDL

ldiscipul-ina, fr. discipul-us, " a disciple"j

I

(" A thing pertaining to a di-K: pul-ns ;

"

hence) 1. Instruction, teaching.— 2<Discipline.

dis-pertlo, pertlvi orpertli, pertltimi,pertire, 4. v. a. [for dis-partio ; fr. dia

;

partio, " to part"] To part out, liitribtUe,

divide, disperse. — Pass. : dis-pertior,pertitus snm, pertiri.

dis-pUceo, pllciii, pllcltum, pllccre,

1 2. V. n. [for dis-placeo] To be displeasing,

I

to displease.

disslmiila-tlo, tIonis,f. [dissimul(a)-

Io, "to dissemble "] A disseinbling ; dit-

1simulation.

I dis-trlbiio, trtbiii, trlbiittmi, trlbil-

ere, 3. v. a. (" To give amongst " persons

;

hence) To diride oul, distribute.—Pass.

:

idis-trrbQor, trlbutus sum, tribiii.

dl-tlo, tionis (only in gen., dat., acc.,

I and abL sing.) f . [prob. de, true root. of do,

I

"toput"] (•• Aputting one'sseIf " underIanother ; hence, with respect to the per-

6on under whom one places one'3 self)

Dominion, rule, sorereignly, sicay, pouir.

dit-O, a^vi, atum, are, 1. v. a. [dis, dit-is," rich "] To maie rich, to enrich.—Pass.

:

dlt-or, atos stmi, ari.

dlu, adv. [old ablative form of dies]

1. £(/ day.—2. For a long time. tSFComp.: dlu-tlus ; Snp.: dlu-tisslme.

dlutum-Itas, Itatis. f. [diutum-us,"of longdnration"] ("The state of thediutumtis ;" hence) Long duration or con-tinuance; lenglh oftime.

div-es, Itis, adj. Uich. 8^ Comp.

:

divlt-Ior and dit-ior ; Snp.: divlt-isslmnfl

and dit-issimus [akin to Sanscrit rootDnv, " to shine or be spkndid "].

di-vld-o, dlvisi, divisum, divldere, 3.

T. a. [di ; root vu>, akin to HD, root ol

108VOCACULAPvY.

fiCnia-o, " toclcaveordivide"] Tocleaceor

par-t asunder; lo separate, divule.—Vass.:

di-vld-or, divisus sum, divldi.^^

div-inus, ina. inum, adj. [div-us, a

deity"] 0/, or pertaining to, a deily; goU-

like, divihe. US" Comp. : divm-Ior

;

Sup.: divin-isslmus.

divi-sor, soris, m. [for divid-sor ; n.

divid-o] A diviJer. .

divus, a, uJi, adj. God-like, divme.—

As Subst.: divus, i, m. A deijied person

^^do, d&.li,'dritam, dSre, 1. r. a. To give,

arant, besto:r, present: dare finem,_<o

put an end.—Vass.: dor, datus sum, dari

rakin to Gr. ii-Sw-ni].

doc-umentum, iimenti, n. [doc-eo,

"to teacli"] ("Tliat wtiicli teaclies;

hence) A proo/,spccimen, example.

Dolabella, k, m. J9<;/aie//a ; a Roman

dol-eo, iii, itum, cre, 2. v. n. 1. fo

feel or snfer pain.—2. To grieve, lament.

dom-inus, ini, m. [usually referrcd

to dom-us, and so " the oue pertainmg to

atiouse;" but rather fr. dom-o, and so

" the subduer "] A master, lord, ruler,

chief. _^ ,,. ,

Domlti-anus, ain, m. [Domlti-usJ

(" One i^ertainiug to Domitius ;' hence)

Domitianus; thetwelfth Romau Einperor.

Dom-itius, itli, ni. [dom-us] ("One

pertaining to a domus;" hence) Domi-

#iw,- aEoman name.dom-itus, ita, itum, part. perf. ot

dom-or.dom-o, iii, itum, are, 1. v. a. 1. lo

tame.—2. To subdue, vanguish.—Vass.

:

dom-or, Itus sum, ari [(Jk. Sa^i-aa)].

dom-U3, i or iis, f. (" That which is

built ;" hence) A building, a house [Gr.

66jii-o>].

don-o, avi, atism, are, 1. v. a [don-

um] To give as apresent; io make^a pre-

sent of; 'o give,bestOK.—Pass.: don-or,atus sum, ari. , . , .

do-num, ni, n. [do] (" That which is

given ;" heuce) A gift, present.

Drusus, i, m. Drusus ; the step-son ot

Augustus.diibi-Stas, etatis,f. [dubi-us, " doubt-

ful"] ( The state of thedubius ;" hence)

Doiibtfcilinss, doubt, micertainty, hesitatwn.

dii-cent-i, », a,num. adj. plur. [du-o;

cent-UDi] Tiro hundred.

diic-o, duxi, ductum, diicere, 3. v. a.

1. To Jcad, conduct. — 2. To take, lead

atcaij. carni off a person. — 3. Ducere

uxoreni, To lead a wife (home) i.e. to

marry.—Vas?.: dtic-or, tus sum, i [akm

to Sanscrit DUH, " to lead ofE "].

duc-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. of duc-

bucU-ius, ii, m. [duell-um=l)ellum]

("One iiitaiuing to duellum;

" "V»ar-

rior") DrelUus; a Roman consul whodeteatea tlie Carthaginian fleet, and in

whose hoi.oar the Columna Rostrata was

erected, a.v.c. •iSO.

dtuu, adv. [akin to diu] Whilst; while.

Auo, dux, dOo. num. adj. Two [Qr.

du8-decim, num. adj. indecl. [tor

duo-deccm] ("Two and fcen ;" hence)

Twehe. .

diiodeclm-us, a, nm, nnm. ad].

[duodecim] Ticelflh.

du-plex, pllcis, adj. [=du-plec-s, for

du-plic-s; fr. du-o; plic-o] Tu-o-fold,

doubte.

diiplic-o, avi, atum, ire, 1. v. a. [du-

plex, duplic-is] To make tico-fold ; to dou-

ble.—F&ss.: diipllc-or, atus sum, ari.

diir-us, a, um, adj. 1. Jlard.— 2.

HarJ-hearied, stern, severe, unyielding.

BSr Comp.: dur-Ior; Sup.: dur-isslmus.

dux, diicis, comm. gen. [=duc-s; fr.

duc-o] 1. A leader, gu.de, conductor.—2.

A commander, general.—Z. A chief or

chieftain ; a principal person.

e or ex, prep. gov. abl. 1. Out o/.—2.

From [Gr. ^,W\. _ ,

§--10, dldi, dltam, dere, 3. v. ?. le ;do,

"to put"] 1. ToputforthoTouc.---2. To

bringforth,bear,produce.—Tnss.: e-dor,

dltus sum, di., . „

e-diico, duxi, ductum. ducgre, 3. v. a.

To lead forth.—Fa.ss. : e-ducor, dnctus

stim, duci.

ef-ficio, feci, fectum, flcere, 3. v. a.

[for ex-facio] (" To make or work out

;

hence) To bring to pass ; to execute, com-

plete, accomp!isk,effect.—Pii.ss. : ef-ficior

fectus sum, flci.

effrac-tus (for effrag-tus), ta, ttim,

part. perf. of effri(n)g-or, through true

rOOtEFFRAG. ^. ,

ef-fringo, fregi, fractum. frmgere, o.

V a. [for ex-frango] To hreak away from ;

to break open.—Fass.: ei -fringor, frac-

tus sum, fringi. _

ef-fiiglo, fiigi. fiigitum. fugere, o.

V. n. [for ex-fugio] 1. To Jlee away.—2.

To escape. , .„ , ,

ego, gen. mei, pers. pron. /[Gr.evuJ.

egregi-e, adv. [egregi-us] 1. £x-

ceUenily, eminently, surpassingli/.—2. Eo-

nourablv, nobly.

e-greg-ius, ia, lum, adj. [e ; grex,

greg-is, " a flock"] (" That is out of the

flock•" hence) 1. Excellent, eminent,sur-

passing. — 2. Honourable, noble, dtstmg-

uished, illustrious,famous.

ejec-tus (for ejac-tus), ta, tum, part.

perf. of ejic-ior, through true root ejac.

e-jicio, jeci, jectum, jlcere, 3. v. a.

[for e-iacio] To cast or drive out; to expel,

eject.—Pass.: e-jicior, jectus sum, jlci.

elec-tus (for eleg-tus), ta, tum, part.

perf o£ elig-or, tlirough true root eleg.

eleg-ans, antis, adj. [eleg, true root

of eleg-oj ("Choosing out;" heuce)

1. Luxurious, effeminate, too nice.—2.

Choice; tasteful, of correct tastes ; elegar.t.

SS^Comp.: aegant-ior; Sup.: a^gant-

VOCABLLAUT. 109

SlSphnntas, 1, m. An elfphanl [Gr.i\f<t>a<i, tAt'>Jal'T-o«].

S-Ugo, li"pi, lectum, ITgErc, 3. v. a.

[for 0-li'tro] To choose oiit; selecl.— Pass.

6-llKor, loctiis sum, llgi.

dliim, conj. 1. Trulj/.—Z. For.—3.For instance.

1. So, mlv. [prohably for eom = eum,«cc. of pron. is] 1. Tu Ihat place, (hither.—2. Ko usq\ic, To such a degree.

2. So, ivi or li, Itum, ire, v. n. To go[root I, akin to Gr. l-ivai].

EphSsns, i, f. Ephesus; a city oflonia. Diana tand a grcat and famoustemple here, and was worshipped withespecial honours. It was here, too, thatthe apo.stle Paul was in preat dangerfrom his faithful preaching of the Gospel.Timothy, to whom thc above-namedapostle addressed two of his epistles, wasits first bishop, nnd was buried here, al-

though his remains were subsequentlyremoved to Constantinople. It is nowtepresented by a miserable village calledAja-Soluk.

Epirus, i, f. Epirus (now Alhania)

;

a country of Northem Greece ['Hiretpo!," Mainlaud"].epistSIa, .'e, f. A letler, epistle [Gr.

c:rio7oA)i, '• that which is sent to one"].,

epala-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. of

epul(a)-or.

Spul-or, atus sum, ari, 1. v. dep.[epul-um, " a.feast or banquet"] Tojeast, lo banquet.

6qu-e-s, gqultis, comm. gen. [for

equ-i<ts ; fr. efiu-us ; l, root of e-o](" The horse-going one ; " hence) 1. ^horseman, a rider.— 2. A horse-soldier,

a trooper. — Plur. : Caralry. MagistcrEquitum, Mcisler of the Uorse; a Romanmagistrate aud offlcer, who was, so to

say, the lieutenant of the dictator. Ashis name implies, he commanded thecavalry. Perhaps his office had its origin

from the circumstance, that the dictator

could not ride on horseback without theexpress permission of the people : andhence a Magister Equitum was necessary.— 3. Aii eques or Roman knight.

eqult-atus, atus, m. [eques, equit-

is] 1. A riding. — 2. Cavalry, horse-

toldiers.

Squus, equi, m. A horse [akin to

Gr. iKKos, another form of 'iiriTos'].

erec-tus (for ereg-tus), ta, tum,part.perf. of erig-or, through true roo'; EnEO.erg-o, adv. [akin to verg-o, " to

bend towards "] Conseguently, accorclinghi,

therefore.

e-r"lgo, rcxi, rectum, rlgCre, 3. v. a.

[for e rcgo] (".To make straight out of"

a place ; hence) 1. To raise or set vp ; to

trect. — 2. To arouse, excite. — Pass. :

S-rlgor, rectus sum, rlgi.

erra-ns, ntis, part. pres. of erT(a)-o.

err-o, avi. atum, are, 1. v. n. [etym.nncertain] To tcander, go astray.

EsquH-iuus, iiia, iaum, adj. [E.squil-

Iie ;" the Esquilla?," thc largest of thc

scvcn hills of Romo (now thc height ofS. Mnria Maggiore)] Of, or Monging to,

Ihe Esquilicr; Esquiline.

et, conj. And, also.—Et . . . et, Bolh,and [akin to Sanscrit ati, " beyond ;

"

Gr. (Tt, " bcsides"].

Stlam, conj. And also, and furlher-more ; IHeirise, besides [id.].

EmnSnes, is, m. Eumenes ; the sonof Attalus, the first King of Pergamus,and brother of Attalus the Second ['Eu-/iei-7)?, " Well-disposed One "].

Eupbrates, is, m. Euphrates (nowFrat) ; a celebrated river of Mesopota-mia, which rises in Mount Taurus in

Armenia, is joined by the Tigris betwecnBagdat and Balsora, and flows into tliD

Persian Gulf, after a course of about laoomiles.

Europa, se, f. Europe ; which obtain-ed its name from Europa, the daughter ofthe Phccnician king Agenor.e-vado, vasi, vasum, vad6re, 3. v. n.

[e ; vado, "to go"] 1. To go forth orout.—2. To get auav. get clear off, escape.

e-vSho, vesi, vectum, veh6re, 3. v. a.

1. To carry uptcards, raise aloft.—2. Toraise up, promole, elevate. — Pass.: e-vShor, vectiis sum, vthi.

e-venlo, veni,ventum,v5nire, 4. v. n.

1, To comeforth or out.—2. To fall out,

come to pass, happen. — Impers. indic.

perf.: evenit, Jifell out, etc.

even-tus, tus, m. [cvcn-io] (" Thatwhich happens ;

" hence) l.An occurrencor evenl.—2. An issue, consequence, result.

e-verto, vertl, versum, vertSre, '>.

V. a. 1. To turn or thrust out.—2. Tooverthrow, subvert, desiroy. — Pass.: e-vertor, versus sum, verti.

e-voco, v5cari, vOcatum, v6care, 3.

V. a. To call forth or oul.—Pass.: e-vocor, vScatus sum, v5cari.

exac-tus (for exag-tHs),ta, tum,part.perf. of exig-or, through true root exag.ex-ardesco, arsi, arsum, ardesc6re,

3. V. n. [ex ; ardesco, " to bum"] To burnor blaze up; lo takefire.

excep-tus (for excap-tus), ta, tnm,part. perf. of excip-ior, through trueroot EXCAP.excld-lum, li, n. [exci(n)d-o = ex-

sci(n)do, "to cut away, destroy"] De-slruction, demolition, utter overihroir,

ruin.

ex-cido, cTdi, cTsum, cTdPre, 3. v. a.

[for ex-caxlo] 1. To cut out or airay.—2. To deslroy, demolish, overthrow.—Pass.:

ex-cidor, cTsus sum, cTdi.

ex-clplo, cei)i, ceptum, clpSre, 3. v. n.

[for ex-capio] I. To take or draic out.—2. Toexcept.—Pass.: ex-clplor, ceptussum, cTpi.

exci-sus (forexcTd-sus),sa, 8um,part.pcif. of excid-or.

ex-cludo, clusi, clusum, cludgre, 3.

V. a. To shut out.—Pass.: ex-cltldoriclusus snm, cludi.

110 VOCABULART,

exemplum, i, n. [etym. nncertain]

An cxample.exerce-ndo, genind of exerce-o.

ex-erc6o, ercai, ercltum, ercere, 2.

V. a. [for ex-arcco, fr. cx ; arceo, " to in-

close"] ("To drive outof an inclosure;"

houce) 1. To keep at tcork.—Z. To em-

ploy.—Z. To pradise, exercise.— Pass. :

exerceor, ercllus sum, erccri.

exerc-ltus, itus, m. [exerc-eo] l.Anexercisirty, exercise.—2. A trained or disc-

iplined body of men ; an army.ex-hrbeo, hlbui, hlbltuni, hTbCre, 2.

V. a. [for ex-habeo] To hold forth, yive

vp, delieer.—Va&s.: ex-hlbeor, hlbltus

sum, hibcri.

ex-lgo, egi, actum, Iggre, 3. v. a. [for

ex-ago] To drive out, forth, or aicay.—Pass.: ex-lgor, actus sum, Igi.

exlg-uus, iia, iium, adj. [exig-o," to measure or weigh'"] (" Measured,"

etc. ; hence) Scanty, limiied, small. 83J"Comp. : exIgQ-ior ; Sup. : exIgQ-issImiis.

ex-istlmo, istlma^T, istlmatum, is-

tlmare, 1. v. a. [for ex-testimo ; fr. ex

;

jestimo, " to estimate "] (" To estimate

exactly ; " hence) To judge, consider,

euppose, think, deem. — Pass. : ex-ist-Imor, istlmatus sum, istlmari.

exordl-um, i, n. [exordi-or, " to be-

gin"] A beginning, commencement.

ex-o-sus, adj. [for ex-od-sus ; fr. ex;

od-i, " to hate "] Thoroughly hated or

detested; abominated.

ex-pave-sco, expavi, no supine, ex-

pavescgre, 3. V. a. [ex;pave-o, "tofear"]

Tofear greatly, to dread, to be ierrified at.

expedi-tlo, tlonis, f. [expedi-o, "todisentangle "] (" A disentangling one-

self " from hindrances, etc. ; hence) Anexpedition, excursion, campaign.

ex-pello,piili,pulsum,pelIere,3.v. a.

1. To drive out or au:ay.—2. To cxpel,

banish.—70.35.: ex-pellor, pulsus sum,pelli.

explora-tor, toris, m. [explor(a)-o," to spy out"] A spy, scout.

ex-porto, portavi, portatum, portare,

1. V. a. [ex;porto, " to carry"] Tocarry

out.—Vetas,.: ex-portor, portatus sum,portari.

ex-pugno, pugnavi, pj;ynatum,pugn-are, 1. v. a. To take by assault ; to storm.

—Pass.: ex>pugnor, pugnatus sum,pugnari.expul-sus, sa, sum, part. perf. of ex-

pell-or, through root expul.exsecra-bnis, bile, adi. [exsecr(a)-

or] Evecrable, accursed, abominable. l^P"Comp. : exsecrabll-Ior.

exsecra-ndus, nda, ndum, gerundive

of exsecr(a)-or.

ex-secr-or, atus sum, ari, 1. v. dep.

[for ex-sacr-or ; fr. ex ; sacr-o, " to

ciu-se"] To curse greatly; to execrate,

abominate.

exsequ-ias, larum, f. [exsequ-or, "tofolloNV or accompany " to tho grave, etc.]

f" A following or acconipatiying " a

corpse to the grave, etc. ; hence) 1.

Funeral obsequies.—2. Mortal remaint, acorpse.

exsU-ium, li, n. [for exsul-ium; fr.

exsul, "an exile"] (" The condition of

an exile ; " hence) Banishment, exile.

ex-sisto, Btlti, no supine, sistere, 3.

V. n. [ex ; sisto, " to cause to stand"]1. To step or comeforth; to emerge, ap-

pear.— 2. To happen, occur, be, exist.

ex-specto, spectavi,spectatum, spect-

are, 1. v. a. (" To look out very much"for a thing ; hence) To tcait or lookfor;

to expect.—Fasa. : ex-spector, spectatua

sum, spectari.

exstinc-tus (for exsting-tus), ta,

tum, part. perif. of exsting-uor.

ex-stinguo, stin.xi, stinctum, sting-

iiere, 3. v. a. [ex ; stinguo, " to putout"]1, To put oul entirely, to extinguish.—2,

To kill, slay, destroy, 'cut oif.—Pass. : ex-stinguor, stinctus sum, stingui.

exsiil-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. n.

[exsul, " an exile"] To be an exile or ban-

ished person ; to live in exile, to be banished.

ex-torqueo, torsi, tortum, torquere,

2. V. a. [ex; torqueo, " to t\vist"] Tottcist or icrench out; to wrestaway.—Pass.:

ex-torqueor, tortus sum, torqutri.

extra, prep. gov. acc. [coniracted fr.

cxtera, abl. fem. of exter, "outside"]Outside of. beyond.

ex-traho, traxi, tractum, trahgre, 3.

V. a. To draic or drag out.—Pass. : ex-trahor, tractus sum, tr.ahi.

1. Fab-ms, li, m. [fab-a, " a bean"](" One pertaining to faba") Fabius; esp.

1. Fabius Pictor, the earliest Eomanhistoriau.—2. Q. Fabius Maximns, some-

times stylcd Cunctator, or the Delayer,

because ho overcame Hannibal by harass-

ing his army , and leading it from place to

place, rather than by engagtng withhim.2. Fabi-us, a, mn, adj. [1. Fabi-us]

0/, or belonging to, Fabius; Fabian.

Fabr-icius, icii, m. [faber, fabr-i,

"a -tt-orkman"] (" One pertaining to a

faber") Fabricius; a Roman ambassadorn-hom King Pyrrhus vainly endeavoured

to corrupt. This great man died, as hehad lived, in the deepest poverty. So

poor, indoed, was his family, th.at he wasburied at the public cost, and his twcdaughters received a doTrry from tht

facn-e, adv. [facil-is] Fasily. K^Comp. : facH-ius ; Sup. : facU-lIme.

fac-nis, ne, atlj. [fac-io] (" Thatmayor can bodone;" hence) 1. £asy.— 2.

Courteous. affable. S^" Comp. : facll-

lor : Sup. : fiicil-llmus.

facn-itas, Itatis, f . [facU-is] (" Thequality of the facilis;" hence) 1. Easi-

ness, ease. facilily in doing a thing.—2.

Courteoiisness. courtesy, affabiJity.

fac-io, foci, factum, facorc, 3. v. a.

I. To do or make.—2. To efccl.—S. To

VOC.VnULAUY. 111

ecmtiiit.— 4. Ti} appoint. — Pais. : fio,f:ictii3 sum, nCri.

fac-tU8, tn, tiim, part. porf. of fio,

through FAC, root of fac-io [akin to Gr.^v-u, " to be"].

f&-caiidu8, conda, cuudum. odj.

[f(a)-or] ("FuU of spcaking;" hencc)That tpeaii icith fluency orease; eloquent.

SST* Comp. : facund-Ior ; Sup. : f&cund-isstmus.

Falisci, orum, m. 1. The Falisci; apoople of Etruria.—2. Falisci; thecapitnlof tho Falisci. Livy gives the foUowingaccount of its surreudcr:—whilc Camil-lus was bcsicping it, a schoolraaster,under pretiuce of excrcising his pupils.who were the childrtn of the principalinhabitants, took them outside the gatcs,

and gradually drew them off to the Kom-an camp. He then addressed Camillus,and told him that the place was nowcertainly iu his power, as thc parents oftno boys would readily sufifer any thiugrather than lose them. Indigiiant atsuch base treachery, Camillus orderedthe man to bc stripped naked, and, sup-plying thc boys with rods, bade themwhip him back into the city. This noblecontempt of getting pos5cssion of thecity by dishonourable means, so operatedupon the minds of the inhabitants, thatthey voluntarily submitted themselves tothe Romnns.fS-mes, mis, f. 1. IIunger.— 2, Fa-

mine [prob. for fag-mes ; fr. Gr. ilxxy-elv,

"toeat"].famH-Ia, Ise, f. [for famul-ia; fr.

famul-us, "onepertoining to thohouse"J(" The thing pertaining to a famuhis ;

"

hence) 1. j. house/iold establishment

;

/amihj-serianls.—2. A family.fSmHI-aris, are, adj. [famili-.i] 1.

Of, or belonginy to, a family.—2. Inlimate,

ftiendUj, familiar.^As Subst.: fami-liaris, is, m. A friend. I^" Comp.:f&mniarlor ; Sup. : famlllar-isslmus.

f£mniar-Xtas, Itatis, f. [familiar-is]

("The stato of the familiaris;" hencc)Inlimncy,fricndship,faiiiiliar intercourse,

familiarily.

fjimul-a, m, i. [fumul-us, " one per-taininp toahouse;" hence, "aservant"]A teniale servant.

fastie-Ium, li, n. [fastlg-o, " to makepointcil '] (" A makiugpointed;" honce)1. A pnjectiny poinl.—2. A hei<jht, sum-mil, eniinence.—3. liank, dignity.

fatal-Iter, adv. [fat-al-is, "fatal"]Falally. according tofcUe.

fStig:o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a. [etym.unccrtain] To tire, treary,exhaust, harass,fadjfe.—Vass. : fatigor, atus sum, ari.

Faustus, i, m. [fau.?tus, " favour-ablc"] Fauslus; a Iloinan namc.fav-eo, favi, fautum, favcre, 2. v. n.

[etyni. unccrtain] To favour, be farour-able; to bifriend.

fiv-or, oris, m. [f.-vv-co] A fatouring,fCTOUr; goodiciU.

fSUc-Itas, lUtis, f. [felix, filic-is]

(" The condition of the felix;" hcucoProsperily, good forlune, happiness, sue-

eess.

fellc-Iter, ndv. [id.] Prosperously,trilh good forlune, happilu, luccessfully.

BST Corap. : fcUc-lus; Sup. : fcUc-isslmc.

fS-lix, Ucis, adj. [fe-o, "to produce"]1. Produrlice, fertile, fruilful.—2. Pro-spcrous, fortunate, happy, successful. J^S'Comp. : folic-lor ; Sup. : fGlic-issImus.

fe-mlna, mlna?, f. [id.] ("She thatproduccs or brings forth ; " hence) Atcoman; afemale.fSr-a, re, f. [fer-us, "wild"] A tcild

beasl or aninial.

fSro, adv. [ctj-m. uuccrtain] Almosl,much about, nearly.

fer-ens, cntis, part. pres. of fcr-o.

ferme, adv. [akin to fere] Almosl,nnich about, nearly.

fSr-o, tQI-i, la-tuni, fcrre, v. a. irr.

1. To bear, carry, bring. — 2. To lift,

raisc.—Pass. : fSr-or, latus sum, fcrri

[akin to Gr. (^ep-w ; tul-i is obtaincdfrom a root tui. or tol, whence tol-lo

;

and la-tum stauds for tla-tuni, froni aroot LA or TLA, akin to Gr. TAa-oj, " tobcar"].

fer-rum, ri, n. [porhaps akin to fir-

mus, "strong"] ("The stroug tliijig ormetal;" hence) 1, Iron.—2. A tceapon,

a sicord.

festlna-ns, utis, part. pres. of fes-

tin(a)-o.

festino, avi, atum, are, 1. v. n. [etym.uncortain] To make haste; lo hasten; to

be quick.

Fidenae, arum, f. plur. Fidenoe (nowCaslro Giulileo) ; a towii of Latium, onthe Tiber. — Hence, Fiden-ates, atl-

um, m. The people of Fidence ; the Fiden-ales.

fld-es, Gi, f. [fid-o, " to trust"] 1,Failh,trust.—2. I'roteclion,guardian care:in fidem accipere, to receive under pro-tection.

fid-U3, a, um, adj. [id.] Trusly, faith-

ful. B^ Comp. : fid-Ior ; Sup. : fid-

isslmus.

fl-lla, Uae, f. [akin to fl-Uns] A daugh-tcr.

fl-llus, lli, m. (" One procreated ortaused to be;" hence) A son [akin to Gr.ipv-u.-].

fin-Io, ivi or li, itum, ire, 4. v. a.

[fin-is] To finish, end, pitt an end to.—Tass.: fin-Ior, itus sum, iri.

fi-nis, nis, m. and f. [probably for

fid-nis, fr. fi(n)-do, " to divide"] (" Thedividing thing

;

" hence) 1. A boundary,liniit, border.—2. An end.

fin-Itlmus, Itlma, Itlmum, adj. [fln-

is] (" rertaining to a finis;" hcnce)IJordering upon, on Ihe boundarics, neigh-

bouring.

finl-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. of fini-or.

fio, V. facio.

112 VOCAIiULAKY.

flscns, i, m. [etym. uncertain] 1. Abasiet macio of twigs, rushes, etc.—2. Amoneyhaskd, money-bag, purse.— Z. Thepublic treasury, Ihe exchcqucr.

Flacciis, i, ra. [flaccus, "flabby"]Flaccux. a P.oman naine.

flaglti-osus, osa, osum, adj. [flagiti-

um, " shameful or disgraceful conduct"]('• inW of flagitium ;

" honce) Shame/ul,

disffrace/ul, in/amons, Jlafjitious. KS"Corap. : flagitlOs-ior ; Sup. : flagltlos-

isslmus.

Flamlninus, i, m. Flamininus ; aRoraan name.Flaminlus, li, m. Flaminius ; a

Eoman consul, slain by Hannibal.fle-tus, tus, m. [fle-o, "to weep"] 1.

A weeping.—2. Tears.

flor-eo, xii, no supine, ere, 2. v. n.

[flos, fior-is, " a flower"] 1. To he in

fiotcer; to bloom, blossom.—2. To be in a/lourishing conditinn ; toflourish.

Florus, i, m. Florus; a Eomauname.flu-men, minis, n. [flu-o] (" That

which flows;" hence) 1. Flowing water,

a stream.—2. A river.

flu-o, xi, xum, iiere, 3. v. n. To flow[root FLU or fltjgv, aliin to Sanscrit rootPLtl, " to flow"].

fluv-ius, li, m. [for flugv-ius ; fr. fluo,

through root flugv] ("The flowingthing ;

" hence) A river.

1. foed-us, a, um, adj. [akin to fset-eo]

1. Fonl,fllthy.—2. Ugly, de/ormed. B^"Comp. : foed-Ior ; Sup. : fced-isslmus.

2. foed-us, eris, n. [for fid-us , fr. fid-o,

"to trust"] (" A trusting;" lience) Aleague, trealy, compact.

for-ma, mse, f. [for fer-ma ; fr. fer-o](" That which is brought or produced ;

"

hence) Form in tlie widest sense of thev/ord

; flgure.for-tis, te, adj. [for fer-tis ; fr. fer-o]

(" Bearing, that bears; " hence) l.Strong,•power/ul. — 2. Steacl/ast, stout-hearted

,

courageous, brave. 8®" Comp. : fort-ior;

Sup. : fort-issimus.

fort-una, iln», f. [fors, fort-is," chanoe"] (" That wliich appertains tofors;" hence) Chance, hap, luck, /ortune,whsther good or bad.for-um, i, n. 1. A market-place.—2.

Themarket-place at Rome; theHoman. For-um, [probably alcln to Gr. nop-o^, "apass-age ;" and so, "a place passed through,'i.e. a place with a thoroughfare].

fos-sa, EK, f. [for fod-ta ; fr. fod-io,

"todig"] (" The dug thing ; " hence)A ditch, trcnch, /osse, cntrenchment : fos-

sas ducere, to Jraw entrenchments.

frac-tus (for frag-tus),ta, tum, part.peri. of fra(n)g-or, tlu-ough true rootFRAG.frang-o, frCgi, fractum, frangere, 3.

V. a. 1. To break.~2. To restrain.—3. To««Whc—Pass.: frang-or, fractus sum,frangi [Gr. root pay, whonce f»jv-iu;u.i,

"to break"].

frater, fratria, m. A hrother [akin toSanscrit bhratri, " a brother"].fraus, fraudis, f. [etyra. uncertain]

Dcceit, deception, guile, imposture, /raud

.

frequens, frequcntis, adj. [id.] 1. Re-peated, o/ten, /requent.—2. ifany,numer-ous, in great numbers. IfS" Comp. :

frequent-Ior ; Sup. : frcquent-isslmns.frequen-ter, adv. [for frequent-ter

;

fr. freqnens, frequent-is] Many times,

o/ten,/reguenl!y. SW Comp.: frSquent-ius; Sup. : frequent-isslme.

frig-ldus, Ida, Idum, adj. [frig-eo,

"tobecold"] Cold. Sf^T Comp. : frigid-lor ; Sup.: frigid-isslmus.

frii-mentum, menti, n. [fru-or,'liter-

ally " to eatup "] (" The tliingeatenup ;

"

honoe) Corn, grain.

ftig-a, », f. [fug-io] Afleeing,flig?it.>

fiiga-tus, ta, tura, part. pert^ offug(a)-or.

fiigi-ens, entis, part. pres. of fugi-o.

fug-io, fagi, fugltum, fiJgere, 3. v. n.and a. 1. Neut. : l'o flee, take to flight.—2. Act. : To flee /rom, avoid, shun [Gr.root (l>vy, whence i^ieO-y-a), "to flee"].

fug-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a. [fug-a]Toput to flight; to chase, rout, discomfit.—Pass.: fiig-or, atus .sum, ari.

ful-men, mlnis, n. [for fiilg-men ; fr.

fulg-eo, " to flash "] (" The flashingthing;" hence) 1. Lightning, a /Uxsh o/liglitning.—2. A thunder-holt.

Fulvlus, li, m. Fulvius ; a Romanname.fund-o, fQdi, fiisum, fundere, 3. v. a.

1. To pour out ox /orth.—2. Of an army,troops, etc: To disperse, scatter, rout.—Pass.: fund-or, fusus simi, fundi [rootFUD, akin to Gr. x", whence xv-o-ij, " apouring"].

fClnes-tus, ta, tum, adj. [for funer-tus ; fr. funus, funer-is] ("Havingfunus;" hence) Causing death or de-struction ; deadly, /atal, destntctire.

VIW Comp. : fiinest-ior ; Sup. : fiinest-isslmus.

funis, is, m. [etym. uncertain] A ropeband.f1i-nus,neris,n. (" Thetliingbumed :"

hence) 1. A dead body, corpse.—2. Fu-neral rites. a/uneral.—3. A violent death.murder.furca, Je, f. [etym. imcertain] 1. A

two-pronged /or*.—2. A/ork ot yoke, asan instrument of pimishment, in the formof V or ll< which was placed on theculprifs neck, while liis hands were fast-

ened to the two euds.

furc-iila, iil;t, f. dim. [furc-a] 1. Alittle /ork.—2. A narroto pass OT deflle inthe shape of the lecter V-Ftirius, li, m. Furius; a Roman

name.Fuscus, i, m. [fuscns, "dai-k-com-

plexioned," "swarthy"] Fuscus; a Rom-an name.fii-turus, tiira, turum, part. fut. of

i=uni, t)irough root w : v. sum.

VOCABLLAKY. 113

OSbll, 5rnm, m. Gabii; a clty of theVoliri in Lfttinm.

G&l&t-Ia, In?. f. [Galat-iP ;" thc Ga-

lat-iB cr Ganls," who migratcxl to Asia

Mlnor] Galatia; a countryof AsiaMinor.Qalba, (c, m. Galba; a Roman

namc.Oalll, 6nim, m. The Gauls (See

Scnoncs).—Sing.: Oallas, i, m. One o/

the Gmil.i; a Gaul.

Oall-Ia, \x, f. [Gall-i] Gallia or

Oaul : Ihe counlry of Ihe Gauls, divided in-

to Gallia Ci.^alpina, Citerior, or Togata,which corapri.-etl that portion which lay

on tho southcni side of ihe Alps ; andGallia Transalpina, or XJlterior, whichlay bcyond the Alps.gaad-Ixim, li, n. [gaud-eo, " to re-

joice "] A rejoicing ; jou, gladness.

gSn-er, Eri, m. [gen-o, "tobegct"](" A bcgcttcr ; " hencc) A son-in-latc.

gSn-ltura, Ttune, f. [gen-o=gigno]A beijettiiig; birth, nativity.

g8n-Itus, Ita, l:um, part. perf. of

gignor, through root gex.

gSn-o, old form of gigno.

gen-s, tis, f. [gen-o=gigno] (" A bc-

getting,"—" that which is begotten ;

"

hence) 1. A clan or house.—2. A raee,

nation, people.

Oentlus, n, m. Gentius; a king of

IUyricum, conquered by the Bomanprjetor, C. Aziicius.

gSnu, Os, n. A knee [Gr. yovv'].

OenuciiiB, li, m. Genucius; a Kom-an name.gSn-us, Cris, n. A family, race, slock

[Gr. yf TOc].

Oermanl, orum, m. 7%e Germans,or people of Germany. — Hence, Oer-man-Ia, lae, f. The country of the Ger-

mani or Germans ; Germany.Germania, x, v. Germani.Germanlc-Ianus, lana, lanum.adj.

[Gcrmanic-us] (" Of or bclonging to

Germanicus;" hcnce) German, German-ic; stalioncd or serring in Germany.Oermanlcus, Ici, m. [Gcrmanicus,

"German, Germanic"] Germanicus; aname given to various generals whogained victories over the Gcrmans.gSr-o, gcssi, gestum, ger6re, 3. v. a.

[etym. uncertain] 1. To bear or carnj.

—2. Of war : To carry on, trage.—3. OtofiBces, ctc: To hold or bear.—4. Of ac-

tions: To do, pcrform.—Fass.: gSr-or,g^us sum, gCri.

ges-tunis (for ger-turus), tura, tur-

um, part. fut. o£ ger-o.

ges-tus (for ger-tus), ta, tum, part.

perf. of gor-or.

gi-gn-o, gcnQi, genltum, gignere, 3.

V. a. [rcduplicated from root gen : gen-gen-o, pe-gcn-o, gi-gen-o, gi-gn-o] 1. Tobegel.—2. To bear or bring forth.—Pass.:

gi-gn-or, gCnltus sum, gigni.

Glabrlo, onis, m. Glabrio ; a man"»name.gl&dl-ator, atoris, m. [gladi-us]

(" One with or nsing a 8word ;" hcnce)

A gladiator. The glodiators wcre slavos

and prisoners who wfre compelled to

fight in thc publio thcatrcs, with onoanothcr, or witli wild beasts.

glSdlus, li, m. [etym. uncertain] Asicord.

glo-rla, rla?, f. Glory, fame, renoien

[akin to (ir. KAe'-o?].

Oracchus, i, m. Gracchus; a Homannamc.Oraec-e, adv. [Qraec-ns, "Greek"]

In Grcei:

Graeci, 5rum, m. TTie Greels.

Graec-Ia, lae, f. [ Graec-i, " theGrecks"] The counfry of the Greeks;Grccce.

grandis, e, adj. [etym. uncertain ]

1. Great, large, vast, iminense.— 2. Ofagc : Advanced in years, aged, olJ. 635"Comp. : grand-Ior ; Sup.: grand-isslmns.grat-Ia, lac, f . [grat-us] (" The quality

of the gratus;" hence) 1. Agreeablc-ncss,pleiisantnets.—2. Favour.—3. Injiu-

ence.—A. riur.: Tlianks.

gra-tus, ta, tum, adj. Pleasing,agrceable. S3J" Comp.: grat-Ior ; Sup.

:

grat-isslmus [akin to Gr. root xop, in

XO(0-T)i'ai, \a!p-io, " to rcjoice"].

grav-is, e,adj. 1. Heavy.—2. Severe,

grievoiis. ti^if Comp. : grb,v-Ior ; Sup.

:

grav-isslmus [akin to 6r. ^aovi-9].

grav-iter, adv.[grav-is] 1. Weightily,heavily.— 2. Scverely, grievously. I^j"Comp.: grilv-Ius; Sup.: grav-isslme.

hSb-8o, iii, Itum, cre, 2. v. a. 1. Tohold, keep.—2. To have or possess as property, etc.—3. To account,deem,consider,regard.—4. Habere mentionem, To makemention.—5. Of conversation : To makeuse of, hold, etc.—Pass.: hab-eor, Itussum, C-ri.

hab-Ito, Itavi, Itatum, Itare, 1. v. a.

intens. [liab eo] To have possession of, to

occupy, to dicell in, to inhabit a place.

—

Pass.: habltor, Itatus sum, Itari.

1. hab-Itus, Ita, Itum, part. perf. ofhab-eor.

2. hab-Itus, ItQs, m. [hab-eo] (" Thehaving or holding one"s self;" hence)1. Condition ,habit, stale.—2. Dress,aUire,clolhing.

Haemus, i, m. Ilcemus (now the

Great ISalkan) ; a high mountain-rangoin Thrace.her-es (or hser-es), Edis, m. and

sometiiiies f. An heir or heiress [xijp-o!.

"bercft"].Hamilcar, aris, m. Hamilcar; the

fathor of Ilannibal.

Hannlbal, sllis, m. Ilannibal; sonof Haniilcar ; gencnal of the Carthagini-ans, in the second Punic War.Hanno, Onis, m. Ilanno ; a Cartha-

ginian gi-ncral.

HasdrClbal, Slis, m. Hasdrubal; thebrothcr ol Uanuibal.

114 VOCABULARY.

haur-Io, liausi, haustum, haurlre, 4.

V. a. 1. To draw icalei:—2. To drain,emptt/, drink vp.—3. 7\> swallow, gitlp

down.—Pass.: haur-ior, haustus sum,haurlri.

Helvetli, 6rum, m. T/te Ilelvelii ; apeople of Gallia Lugdunensis (in themodern S\vitzerland).

Herennlus, li, m. Herennius; aleader of thc Picentes and Marsi in theSocial 'War.

Hiarbas, aj, m. Hiarbas ; a king of

Mauritania.hic, hKC, hoc, adj. [pronominal root l,

wth demonstrative suffix ce] This.

Hiempsal, filis, m. Iliempsal ; aking of Kumidia.hlem>s, hiemis, f. ( " The Bnowy

time ;" heuce) Winler [alrin to Sanscrit

hima, " snow ; " Gr. xei'M-w>'i " winter "].

Hlero, onis, m. Iliero ; king of Syra-cuse, who from an enemy became a firmfriend and ally of the Romans ['lipuv," One haviug victims or temples"].HIei'68olyma, orum, n. plur. Eiero-

solyma (or Jeriisalem); the chief city ofJud;«a. Before it was wrested from its

original inhabitants by the Israelites, it

was called Jebuz ; its present possessorshave named it Chulz or Golz. Thiscityhas been rendered Ulustrious by the marksof the Divine favour, which it long re-

ceived. 'While the rest of the world wasBunk in the grossest idolatry, the know-ledge of tlie true God was still preservedat Jerusalem : there niost of the inspiredprophets delivered their predictions, andlaboured to reform their countrjTnen

;

there the Gospel of Jesus Christ was first

preached ; and there the long-expectedMessiah finished the work of man's salv-

ation, by djing on the cross. To punishthe Jews for thelr impiety and wicked-ness, their citj- was often given up for apeiiod into the hands of their enemies

;

but it was not whoUj' destroyed till theyhad fillea up tlie measure of their iniqui-

ties by crucifying the Son ot Goq. Aftera long and miserable siege, it was takenby Titus, on the Sth of September, A. D.

70, and made a heap of ruins. Aboutsixty years atter its destruction, a smallcity was bnilt on its site, which, after

having been in the possession of manydifferent masters. is now underthe powerof the Ottoman Tiurks.

Hieiuus, li, m. Ilierius; a man'sname., hiuc, adv. [hic] From this place; hence.

Hirtius, li, m. Hirtius ; a man'sname.Hirtuleius, H, m. Hirtuleius; a

man's name.Hispani, orum, m. Tlie Hispani or

Spaniards.Hispan-ia, la;, also plur. : His-

panias, arum [Hispan-i] The country ofthe Hispani; Hispania {novr Spain).Hister, tri, v. Ister.

Histrum, i, m. IHstrum (also calledHislropolis); a city of Moesia Inferior.

historlcus, a, um, adj. 0/, or be-

lonijimj lo, histori/; historical.—AsSubst.:bistorlcus, i, m. A writer o/ history;

historian [Gr. ioTopiicos].

ho-dle, adv. [contracted from hocdie, " on this day"] To-daij.

ho-mo, minis, comm. gen. A humanheinrj, aperson [usually referred to humus," the ground ;" but hy some consideredakin to Sanscrit root biiu, " to be "].

hones-tas, tatis, f. [for honest-tas

;

fr. honcst-us] ( " The quality of thehonestus ;" hence) Honourable reputation

;

honour, repulation, fair or good character.

hones-tus, ta, tum, adj. [for honor-tus ; fr. honor] (" Fumished or providedwith honor;" hence) Honoured, disling-

uished, honourable. BS" Comp.: hunest-lor ; Sup.: honest-issimus.honor, oris, m. [etj-m. uncertain] 1,

Honour, repulation.—2. An office of hon-our, dignity.

honora-tus, ta, tum, 1. Part. perf.

of honoro.—2. Pa.: Honoured, respecled,

honourable. BS" Comp. : houorat-Ior

;

Sup. : honorat-isslmus.honorific-e, adv. [honorific-us, " hon-

ourable"] Ilonourably, in an honourableway. l^W Comp. : honorific-entius

;

Sup. : honorific-entissime (as if from aform honorificenter).

honor-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a.

[honor] To shew honour to ; io honour,—Pass. : honor-or, atus sum, ari.

HQratius, ii,m. Horalius; a Eomanname.hortus, i, m. A garden [Gr. xopTOs,

" an enclosm-e '' for plants].

host-ilis, ile, adi. [host-is] 0/, orbe!ongingto,an enemy; hoslile.—AsSubst.:hostilla, ium, n. plur. Hostile deeds,

hostilities.

Hostilliis, li, m. Hostilius ; a man'8name ; esp. TuUus HostUius, the thirdking of Rome.hos-tis, tis, m. 1. A slranger,foreign-

er.—2. An enemy.hiim-anus, ana, anum, adj. [con-

tracted fr. homin-anus ; fr. homo, homin-is] 1. 0/or belonging to a personor humanbeing; human.—2. Humane. B^Comp.:human-Ior; Sup.: hiiman-issimus.

hiim-erus, eris, m. A shoulder [akinto Gr. u/ji-o?].

hiimll-Iter, adv. [humU-is, " low,humble "] In cu low or mean manner

;

humbly, meanly, bascly, abjectly. i^g"Comp.: hiimn-ius; Sup.: hijmU-lIme.

Iberia, ve, f. Iberia; 1. The namegiven by the Greeks to Spain.—2. Acountry of Asia, situate between Arme-nia Major and AJbania.

I-bi, adv. [akin to i-s] There, in that

place.

Ibi-dem, adv. [ibi ; with demonstra-

VOCAIJULAKV. 11.5

tive rafllx dem] /n Uiat very place, in Ote

tame plaet; in lAe tame quarlfr.

Ic-O, i, tum, 6re, 3. v. n. To slrHe, hil,

tmite, tlii'\ pieree.~Fas~<.: ic-or, tusum, i [u.iu to Sanscrit root auu, "topieroo"].

1. ic-tus, to, tum, part. pcrf. ofio-or.

2. ic-tos, tOi:, m. A blo\c, stroke.

I-dem, C'iUiam, Idem (gen. Ojusdem

;

dat. eidem), pron. adj. [pronomiual rootl;suffixdemj c"Thatorthevery"pcr8onor thing ; hence) 1. The same.—2. Todenote similarity : Liketcise, also, al the

tame time.

Id-ils, iium, f. plur. [id-uo, "todivide"] ("The dividing or di^-ision;"hence) The.lJes; tlie name given to the15th day of March, May, July and Octo-ber, and to the 13th Uay of the othermonths.I-ens, gen. £untis, part. pres. of e-o,

through true root i.

Ig-Ittir, adv. T/iere/ore.

ignav-e, ailv. [ignav-us] Indolently,

tlotl\fully, lazily.

i-gnavus, gnava, gnavum, adj. [in," not ;' gnavus, " busy "] (" Not busy ;"

hence) 1. La;y, sloth/ul, indolent.—2.Coaardly. 6^ Comp.: ignav-Ior ; Sup.

:

ignav-isslmus.ignis, is, m. Fire [akln to Sanicrit

agni, " fire"].

i-gnobllis, gn6blle, adj. [for in-

fjiobilis; fr. in, "net;" gnobUis=nobi-lis, "known"] 1. Unknoan.—2, Obscare,

mean, not renotcned or distinguished.—3.

Base-bom,ignoble. 8»u" Comp.: ignobU-lor ; Su)i. : iguObn-issimus.

ignobn-lter, adv.^ignobil-is^J/fan/y.

i-gnomlu-Xa, lae, f. [for in-gnomiu-ia; fr. iu, "not;" gnomen ( = nomen),gnomin-is," aname"] ("Adeprivingoneof one's (good) name ;" hence) Disgrace,

thame, infamy, ignominy.ignomlnlos-e, adv. [ignominios-us,

" disgraceful "] Disgracefutly, ignomini-ously.

illa-tas (for inla-tus), ta, tum, part.

perf. of inferor, tlarough root ixui ; v.

fero.

ille, illa, illud (gen. illius; dat. illi),

pron. demonst. [perhaps for is-le ; fr. is]

TfMt.—As Subst.: Tliat person or thing;

he, she, it.

ill-i-c, adv. [ill-e ; (i) ; c=ce (demon-Btrative sufHx)] In thatplace, there.

il-lustr-is,e,adj. [forin-lustr-is;fr. in," much, greatlj- ;" lustro, " to illumine "]

(" Greatly illuminai;

' hence) 1, Lig/itad

up, clear, bright, light.—2. Famout,noble,remarkal/le, celebrated, noble, illustrious.

VSS" Comp. : illustr-Ior; Sup. : illustr-

isslmus.

IllyTli, orum, m. Jlie Ulyrii; apeopleon the borders of the Adriatic Sea, whosecountry corresponded to the modem Dal-

matia and Aibania.nij^I-cum, ci, n. [ Illj-ri-i ] TV.t

, tountry of tlie Hlyrii; Illyricum (alsocalled Illyria).

Im-agO, &gliiis, f. \. .An Image, like-

ness, bust, ttatue, etc.— 2. A (figuratire)representation [root lil, akin to Gr. /ti/i-

I«o/ioi, " to imitate"].

; Imlta-tlo, tlunis, f. [imit(a)-or, " to

I

imitate"] .m imitating, imitation.

\ im-man-is, e, adj. ("Greatly in-

I

creased ;" hcnce) 1, ifonslrous in size,

enormous, rast.—2. Monstrotit in charac-ter, savage, fierce, inhunian, cruel. 8SJ"

• Comp. : imman-Ior ; Sup. : imman-issl-. mus [for in-man-is ; fr. in, " much,igreatly ;" man, akin to Sauscrit root

i MANH, •• to increase"].1 im-mSmor, meraoris.adj. [in,"not ;"

I memor, " mindful " ] yot mindful, un-mindful.forgelful.immgrlt-o, adj. [immerit-us, "not

deserving"] Undeseiredly.

im-par, gen. piris, adv. [for in-par

,

fr. in, " not ;" par, "equal "] yot equal,unequal.

im-patlens, pStlentis, adj. [for in-

patiens ; fr. in, " not ;" patiens, " bearing,enduring"] A'ot bearing, that cannot bearor endure; impatient of or at anything.

K^ Comp.: Lmpatlent-Ior ; Sup.: imput-lent-isslmus.

impatlent-Ia, Ise, f. [impatiens, im-palient-is] (" The quality of the impat-iens ;" hence) Impatience.

im-pello, piili, pulsum, pcUCre, 3. v. a.

1. To push, drive, or stnke against.—2.To urye ontcard, to driveforicard.—3. Toinsligale, incite, impel.—Fass.: im-pel-lor, palsus Eum, pelli.

impSra-tor, toris, m. [imper(a)-o]1. A commander, general.—2. A Romanemperor.imper-Iimi, li, n. [imper-o] 1. A

command, order.—2. Potcer, authority.—3. Empire, dominion.im-pgro, peravi, peratum, p6rare, 1.

v. a. and n. [for in-paro] ("To put" acommand " upon" one; hence) 1. Act.: a.To command, order, enjoin.—b. To rule.

govern.—2. Neut.: To be emperor.—Fasa.:

im-peror, ptratussum, pCrari.

im-pStro, pStravi, petratum.pctrare,1. V. a, [for in-patro] To accomplish,

effect, bring to pass.—Pass. : im-pStror,pctratus sum, pStrari.

imp§t-us, us, m. [ impet-o, " to

attack"] 1. An attack,cusaull,onset.—2.Violence, impetuosity.

implc-ndus, nda, ndum, geniodiveof imple-or.

im-pI6o, plevi, pletum, pliire, 2. v. a.

[for in-pleo; fr. in ;pleo, "tofili"] To

fill up.fill full, make quite full.—Pass.:

im-pISor, pletns sum, pltri.

im-pono, posiii, pOsItum, pOncrc, 3.

v. a. [for in-pono] 1. To put or place

upon.—2. To sel over.—Pass.: im-ponor,pOsItus sum, pOni.

impds-Itus, Ita, Itum, part. iierf. of

imponor through truc root uipos, v. ponu.

'il6 VOCAIiULAUY.

im-prSbo, prtbavi, prdbatum, pr5b-are, 1. v. a. [for in-probo ; fr. in, "not;"prcbo, "to approve"] 1, To disapprove,

tlame, censure, rejecl.—2. To disaHow.— Tass. : im-pr6bor, prubatus sum,prQbari.

1. in, prep. gov. acc. and abl. l.Withacc: a. Into.—b. Against.—c. For.—2.AVith abl.: a. /n.—b. Among.—3. Some-times also, in composition : a. Very,

mnch,greatly.—b. ^Vithout any pcrcept-

ible force.—c. On, upon.—d. A\ininst.

2. in, insepar»ble particle, Soi.

in-cedo, cessi, cessum, cctirTe, 3. v. n.

To go in or along; to go, proceed, advance,icalk.

in-cen-do, di, sum, dure, 3. v. a. [for

in-can-do ; fr. in ; root can, " to bum"]To putfire in; to burn, set onftre.—Pass.

:

in-cen-dor, sus sum, di.

incho-o, avi, atum, are, 1 . v. a. [etym.uncertain] To begin, commence.—Pass. :

inchoor, atus sum, ari.

in-cido, cldi, casam, cldere, 3. v. n.

[for in-cado] To/all i'Jo.

in-clu-tus (in-cly-tus) , ta, tum, adj.

[in, " very;" clu-co, "to hear"] ("Muchheard of

;" hence) Celebrated, famous,

renotcned. KiJ" Sup.: inclut-issimus.

in-cognltus, co^ita, cognitum, adj.

Aot Inoicn, unknown.in-c61o, colili, cultum, colere, 3. v. a.

To dicell or abide in ; lo inhabit.

incre-mentum, menti, n. [incre-sco," to incrcase"] Jncrease, groicth, incre-

mcnt.

i-n-de, adv. [pronominal ront l ; nepenthetic ; de=Gr. fle or Ber, " from "]

("From that" thing or person ; hence)1. From ihatplace, thence.—2. After that;

ufter this; thereupon, hereupon, then.

Indi, onim, m. The Jtidi or Jndians;the inhabitants of India. India wasdivided into two parts, India extra Gan-gem, answering to the Birman Enipire,and to the countries of Pegu, Siam, Laos,Cambodia, Cochin-China, Tonquin, andMalacca; and India intra Gangem,corre-sponding with Ilindostan. Its name «•astaken from the Indus river, its westernboundary.in-dico, dixi, dictum, dicere, 3. v. a.

1. To declare publicly,proclaiin: indicerealicui bellum, to pubUcly declare icaragainst some one.—2. To order. enjoin.—Pass.: in-dicor, dictus sam, dici.

indlge-ns, ntis. 1. Part. pres. ofindige-o, "to want."—2. Pa.: a. Xeedy,poor, indigent.—b. With gcn.: In tcant of.

indTicIae,arum, f. [et^-m. uncertain]A temporartj cessation ofhostililies,a truce,armistice.

in-duco, duxi, ductum, ducere, 3. v. a.

To lead, bring, or condtict into; to bring in,

vttroduce.—Va.ss. : in-ducor, ductussum

,

diici.

induc-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. ofinduc-or.

industri-a, aj, f. [industri-us, "dilig-

ent "] Diligence, aclivity, assiduity, in-

dustry.

in-fam-is, e, adj. [in, "not;" fama,"character"] (" Not ha^ing or beingwithout character ;

" hence) Of illreport,

disreputable, nntorious, infamous.in-fSro, intuli, illatum, inferre, v. a.

1. To carry in or into.—2. Of war : Tocarry into an enemy'a country, to malewar upon or against; to commence hostili-

ties, to wage.—Pass.: in-fSror, illatua

sum, infcrri.

infest-o, avi,atum,are,l,v. a. [infeat-

us, "hostile"] To atlack, trouble, annoy,infest.—Pass. : infest-or, atus sum,ari.in-fini-tus, ta, tum, adj. [in, " not ;"

finio] 1. Xut inclosed within boundaries

;

unbounded, boundless, immense, infinite.—2. Jnnumerable, countless, vast. V^"Comp. : infinlt-lor.

infrac-tus, ta, tum, adj. [for infrag-tus ; fr. infri(n)g-o, through tme rootixfil\g] Broken, crushed.

in-fringo, frcgi, fractum, fringSre,3. V. a. [for in-frango] To hreak, crush.—Pass.: in-fringor, fractus sum, fringi.

in-gen-Ium, ii, n. [in; gen-o=gigno]

(" A being boni in " one ;—" that which

isboniin" one; hence) 1, Naturcd dis-

position or character.—2. AbiUty, gcnius.

in-gens, gen. ingentis, adj. (" That is

not of " or " goes beyond its kind orBpecics;" hence) Vast, immense, huge.

I^" Comp.: ingent-Ior; Sup..: ingent-issimus.

in-glu-vies, viei, f. [in ; root glu,whence glu-tio, "to swallo-.v down"l(" That which swallows down;" hence)1. The crop, maic, guUet.—2. Gluttony,

roraciousness.

in-gredior, gressus sum, gredi, 3. v.

dep. [for iu-gradior ; fr. in ;" gradior,"

" to step"] To slep or walk into; to enter.

ingres-sus (for ingred-sus), sa, sum,part. perf. of icgred-ior.

inimic-itla, Itine, f . [inimic-us, " host-ile"] (" The quality of the inimicus;"hence) Enmity, hostility.

ml-tium, tii, n. [ine-o, " to go into;

to enter upon ; to begin ;

" through trueroot ixi] A beginning, commencement.injQri-a, re, f. [injuri-us, "nnjust"]

(" The thing pertainingto the injurius;"

hence) 1. Injury,tcrong, violence.~2. In-

justice, icrong-doing.— 3. Damage, hurt,

harm.injust-e, adv. [injust-us, " unjust"]

Unjtistly.

in-numerus, nQmera,numerum, adj.

Without ntimber, numberless, eountless.

in-satia-bilis, blle, adj. [in, " not ;

"

sati(a)-o, " to satisfy"] That cannot be

satisfied, insatiable. tfe" Comp. : in-

siitlabll-Ior.

insec-iitus (or insequ-utus), uta,

utum, part. pcrf. of insequ-cr.

insequ-ens, entis, part. pres. of in-

sequ-or.

in-sequor, sequutus or sScutus sum,

VOCABLLAKY. 117

rtqni, 3. V. dep. 1. To/ollov afttr, to pur-sue.—2. Tofolloa, come ntjcl, succted.

in-sdro, sii-ii, sertum, scrCre, 3. v. a.

[in ; soro, " to put"] To put, place, Ihriist,

or Iring inlo; lo insert.—2. in-sSror,scrtus fum, scri.

inser-tns, ta, tum, part. pcrf. of in-

ser-or.

insld-lse, lai-um, f. plnr. [insid-co," to sit in "] (" A sitting or taking up aposition in a place ;" hcnce) 1. Ainbush,ambuscade.—2. Cra/tu dtrice, plot, snare.

in-sig^-is, e, adj. [in ; sign-um](" That has a sign or mark upon it

;

"

hence) Remarkable, signal, eminent, di-

stinguifhed.

in-sdle-ns, ntis, adj. [in, " not;

"

Eolc-o, "to bc accustomed"] 1. Not ac-

customed or unaccuslomed to.—2. Sot cus-

tomary, unusual, rare. — 3. Arroganl,haughly, imoknl. ftiiS" Comp.: insolent-

lor; Sup.: insolent-isslmus.

insSlen-ter^ adv. [for insolent-ter

;

£r. insolens, insolent-is ] Arroganlly,hatiijhlilj/, insolenlly. 8®" Comp. : in-

Bulcnt-Ii;s; Sup.: in^OIent-isslmc.

in-stltdo, stlttU, stltutum, stTtufre,

3. V. a. [for in-statuo ; fr. in ; statuo, " to

set up "] 1 . To rear, raise, construcl, erecl.

—2. To /ound, establish,- 3. To appoinl,

inslitule.— Pass. : in-stlttior, stltatua

snm, stltiU.

in-sto, stlti, stltum, stare, 1. v. n.

[in ; sto, " to stand "] 1. To stand on orupon.—2. To pressupon,presshardupon,assault or assail rigOKOUsly.

in-striio, struxi, structum, struCre,

3. V. a. [in; struo, " to build"] 1, Tobuild, make, conslructj^orm.—2. Of troops,

etc.: To set in order, arrange,/orm, drawup: instruere acicm, to drau; up an armyin battle array ; instruere praelium, to set

a ballle in order, to make preparations /orbatUe.— 3. To equip, /urnish, protide,

supply.—Fass.: in-striior, structussum,Etrtii.

in-siU-a, se, f. [for in-sal-a ; fr. in ;

sal-um, "the sea"] (" That which is in

salum;" hence) Anisland.insols-c, adv. [insuls-us, "unsalted,"

hence "tasteless"] Tastelessly, tcithout

taste or sense,/ooHshly, insipidly.

in-siim, fui, esse, v. irreg. To be in.

in-tSg-er, ra,rum,adj. [forln-tag-er;

fr. in, "not;" tao, root of ta(n)go," to touch"] (" XJntouched

;

" hence) 1.

Whole, entire.—2. Of number: Complete,

quite.S. Unharmed, uninjured. 83fComp.: int6gr-Ior; Sup.: inti-ger-rlmus.

in-ter, prep. gov. acc. [in : with suf-

fix ter] 1. Between.—2. Among.int€r-Sa, adv. [for inter-eam ; fr.

inter; eam, acc. of pron. is] iltanvchile,

in the meantime.interfec-tor. toris, m. [for intcrfac-

tor ; fr. interfic-io, through true root ix-

TERFAC] Onewhoslays; a slayer, slauyhier-

er, murderer.interfec-tus (tor interfac-tu8), ta,

! tnm, part. pcrf. ot iutcrfic-ior, tbroogb

j

true ruot rNTEitFAC.

intcr-flclo, fcci, fectum, flcCre, 3. v.

I

a. [for iuter-facio] (" To make" some-

j

thing to be " bctween " the parts ot atliing, so as to scparatc and brcak it up ;

hence) 1. Todestroy.—2. To kill,murder,

tlay, slaughler.— Pass. : inter-flclor,fcctus sum, flci.

intSr-im, adv. [inter; im=cum, aca' ot pron. is] ("Between that" time andIthe present ; bence) Meanvhile, in the

; meantime.intSr-Imo, Cmi, emtum or cmptum,

ImC-re, 3. v. a. [for intcr-emo ; fr. intcr

;

cmo, " to tako"] ("To takc from tbemidit;" hence) 1. To lake aicay, destroy.

—2. To kill, slay, pul to death.—Pass.

:

inter-Imor, cmtns or emptus sum, Imi.

interjec-tus (for interjac-tus), ta,

tum, part. jicrf. of interjic-ior, tliroughtrue root lX'i fjuac.intcr-jiclo, jcci, jectum, jlcSrc, 3. v. a.

[for inter-jacio] 1. To throic or cast be-

liceen.—2. To inlerpose.—Pass. : inter-jlclor, jcctus sum, jlci.

internSc-lo, lOnis.f. [intemec-o, " to

kill uttcrly "] A general carnage, mas-sacre, utler destruclion, extermination.

inter-snm, fui, esse, v. irreg. 1. Tobe beticeen. — 2. ("To be amongst;"hence) To be present at or with.

intervenl-ens, entis, part. pres. of

inter-venio.

inter-venlo, veni, ventum, vBnire,

4. V. n. To come beticeen.

intra, prep. gov. acc. [ contractcdfrom intira, abl. fem. of obsol. adj. in-

terns, " within "] Wilhin, inside, in the

inlerior o/.

in-tr-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a. To goor pass uilhin ; to enter [probably fr. in

;

root tra, akin to Sanscrit rootTiu, "tostep beyond"].in-tu6or, tultiis sum, tueri, 2. v. dep.

To look toicards or at; to see, behold, gazeupon. _in-usltatus, usitata, iisitatum, adj.

[in, " not ;" usitatus, " customary"] Kolcustomary, vnnsual, uncommon, extra-

ordinary. B35" Comp.: Inusltat-Tor.

in-vado, vasi, vasimi, vadere, 3. v. a.

[in ; vado, "togo'] To go against; to

assault, assail, altack.

in-venlo, vtni, ventum, vSnire, 4. v.

a. 1. To come upon, lighl upon.—2. To/ind out, discover.—Pass. : in-venlor,ventus sura, vCniri.

inven-tus, ta, tiun, part. perf. ofinven-ior.

in-vlcem, adv. [in ; vicem, acc. ofvicis, " a tuni "] In turn, by turns, mutual-ly, reciprocally.

In-victus, victa, victum, adj. [in,

"not;" victus, "conquered"] Uncon-quered, unsubJued, not ranquished or ocer-

come. 831" Sup. : invict-isslmus.

invld-la, la;, f. [invid-us, "envious"](" The quality of tbc invidus;" heiice)

118 VOCABULART.

JEnvy, jealousy, grudge, iU-will, haired,

odium,invito, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a. [etym.

nncertain] To asl-,invite,give an invitfilion

to ; to bid as a gucst.—Pass. : invitor,atiis sum, ari.

in-vl-us, a, um, ailj. [in, " not;

" via]

1. That has iio iray; tcithoiU a road ; path-

less, trackless.—2. Thal affords noway;impassalile, impenetrable.

i-pse, psa, psum (gcn. ipsius ; dat.

ipsi), pron. demonstr. [for is-pse ; fr. is;

sufEx, pse] ("The very person or tliing

already mentioncd ;" hencc) Se!/, very

identical.—As Subst.: 1. Ilimsel/, hersel/,

itseJ/.—2. Youroun sel/.—3. My own setf.

ira, re, f. [etym. unccrtain] Anger,wrath. rage, passion.

iracnnd-Ia, ire,f. [iracund-us, "veryangry "] (" Thc state or condition of theiracnndus;" bcnce) Great angcr; hasti-

ness or irritability o/ temper; irascibility.

ir-ascor, atus sum, asci, 3. v. dep.

fir-a] To be angry, to be in a rage.

ira-tus, ta, tum. 1, Part. porf. of

ira-scor.—2. Pa.: Angry, enraged. 8®"Comp. : irat-Ior ; Sup.: irat-issimus.

ir-rmnpo, rupi, ruptum, rumpere, 3.

V. n. [for in-rumpo] To break, burst, orrush, into or upon.

i-s, ea, id (gen. Gjus; dat. ei), pron.demonstr. [pronominal root i; nomina-tive case ending s] This, that, person orthing.— As Subst.: The person or thing

just mentioned; he, she, it.

Isanria, ire. Isauria; a country of

Asia Minor, near Monnt Taurus, nowforming a part of Caramania.—Hence,1. Isauri, orum, m. The Isauri or Isaur-

ians ; the inhahitants o/ Isauria. — 2.

Isaur-icvTS, Ica, loum, adj. 0/, or be-

longing to, the Isauri or Isauria. — AsBubst. : Isai\ricus, i, m. (so. victor)

Isauricus; an agnomen of P. Servilius

Vatia, the conqucror of the Isauri.

Iseum, i, n. The ternple o/ Isis, anEgyptian goddess, su|iposed to have beenthe same as tho moon.Ister (Hister), tri, m. The Istcr or

Damibe.Istri, orum, m. The Istrians; the peo-

ple of Istria, a conntry which originally

formed a p.irt of IlljTicum, and borderedon the sea. Ectwecn the first and secondPunic wars the Romans attached it to

Italy. It still retains its ancient nameof Istria, and is situated on the eastemcoast of the Gulf of Venice.

ita, adv. Thus, in this uay or manner,so [ahan to Sanscrit iti, " thus"].It^lla, 33, f. Ilaly ; a country of

southcm Europe. — Hence, Itall-cus,ca, cum, adj. 0/, or belonging lo, Italy ;

Italian, Ilalic. [Gr. lTa\6<;, " a buUock"or "steer;" and so, "a thing— e. g. aland— pertaining to cattle

;" " cattle-

country"].Itali-cus, ca, cum, v. Italia.

ita-que, conj. 1. And Ihus; and in

this tcay or manner ; and so.— 2. Tlterefore

consequently , in consequence.

Iteia, adv. 1. So, even so.— 2. Also,

Ukemse [akin to Sanscrit ittham, " so"].

Iter-um, adv. A, or the, second time;again, aneio, a/resh [akin to Sanscrititar-a, " the other"].

Itiirsei, orum, m. T}ie Ituraei orIturaans; the inhabitants of Itunea, acountry of Palestine.

Iter, Itineris, n. [2. eo, through trueroot 1] 1. Aroad.—2. Ajourney.

jac-eo, Qi, itum, ere, 2.v. n. (in caus-ativo force :

" To be made to go ; to betbrown or cast

;" hence) 1. To lie down.—2. To lie ill, to be sick or in sickness.—3.

To lie dead, to be a corpse [root JAC, akinto Sanscrit root ja, " to go"].jac-io, jeci, jactum, jftcere, 3. v. a.

[akin to jac-eo] (" To makc or cause to

go ;" hence) To throw, cast,rting, hurl.—Pass.: jac-Ior, tus sum, i.

jam, adv. [prob. akin to is] 1, At this

time, note.—2. At that time, thcn.

Jan-iciilum, lciili, n. [ Jan-us ]

("That which serves for Janns") Jan^iculum ; one of tbe seven hills of Rome

.

on the left side of the Tibor, on whicbJanus built a fortress or town.Janus, i, m. Janus ; an ancientltalian

deity, a deified kingof Latium,rcpresent-ed ynA)i two faces—one in front, the otherbeliind [probably akin to Sanscrit dju-wan, " the sun," or " the shining orglittering one," irom root dju, " to shineor glitter"].

Jovlanus, i, m. Jovianm.Juba, 33, m. Juba ; a king of Jlamit-

ania, the son and successor of Hiempsal.jiib-eo, jussi, jussum, jubere, 2. v. a.

[etym. uncertain] 1. To command,order,bid.—2. With acc. of person and acc. ofthe ofBce, etc. : To appoint, order, direci

that a person be something. — Pass.

:

jub-eor, jnssus sum, juberi.

jii-cundus, cunda, cundum, adj. [for

juv-cundus; fr. jiiv-o, " to delight"]Delighting, pleasant, agreeable. V^"Comp. : ]"ucund-ior ; Sup. : jucimd-issimus.Jiidaea, ep, f. Judcea; a celebrated

country of Syria, the ancient land of theJews, extending to Arabia on the east,

to the Mediterranean on the wost, toMount Lebanus on the north, and toMount Seir on the south. It is some-times called Ganaan, Palestine, and TbeHoly Land.JiidaBUS, i, m. A man o/ Judea ; a

Jeic^

judex, icis.comm. gen. [=iudec-s, forjudic-s ; fr. judic-o] (" One that judges ;

"

hence) Ajudge.jtidlca-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. ol

judic(a)-or.

ju-dlc-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. n. anda, [for jur-dic-o ; fr. jus, jur-is ; root nic," to show "] 1 . Neut. : a. Tb show or poin!

vocabui.ai:y. 119

eut wbnt is latc ; to judge ; to sil or acl asiuJye.—b. To yitt sentetice. to pass judg-ment.—2. Act. : a. To deciJe or liiiermine

a mnttcr.—b. To Jeem, consiJer.—c. Toiinajiiie, siippose, eonclude. - PaS3. : jQ-dlc-or, atiis ^um, ftri.

jagSrum, i (plur. r.cc. to 3nl ilecl.

jugera, jugorum, etc.; Rise in ilat. and abl.

jngeris), n. [ctym. nuccrtJiin] A jwjerof land, nsually tmnslatcl an acre. Thelattcr, howevcr, coiitain-; IS^.^CO Equarefeet, the former only J8,800.

jflgtila-tas, ta, tum, part. perf. ofjuguUa)-or.jflgTll-o, avi, Stnm, are, 1. v. a. [jugul-

nm, '• the throat"] 7'o ciU llie throat of;lo kill, miirder, slaij.—P.i-s. : jQgtll-or,atu3 Etmi, ari.

jflg-um, i, n. [JTO, root of jn(n)g-o," to ioin "] (" The joining thing ;" hence)1. ,4 r/oke.—2. T/ie height, top, or summitof a mountain, etc.

Jflgxirtha, a;, m. Jtnjurtha ; an ,im-

bitions genoral, the nephew of Micip-Ba, king of Xumidia, who receivcd himinto his family at an carly age, cduc-atcd him as his o\m cliild, and at hisdeath appointed liim, with his two sons,

Adherbal and Hiempsal, successor to his

Jdngdom. Scarcely, howevcr, had Jugur-tha been raised to this autnority, whenhe began to aspire at rci;?ning alonc

;

and, having slain Hismpsal, he strippedAoherbal of his possessions, and obligedhim to seek for safety at Rome. Torevenge his injuri(?s, the Romans im-mediately declared war ag.iinst the guUtynsiuper, who, having carried on warwith them for five years, was at lengthdelivered into their hands 1 ly the treacheryof Bocchus, his father-in-Iaw, and sooii

aiiei was either strangle<l, or died withhimger, in one of the Roman prisons.

—

Hence, JQgurth-inus, Ina, inum, adj.

0/, or lel.onging to, Jwjurlha ; Jugurthine.

JulXas, li, m. Julius; see Coesar.

junc-tus (for jung-tus), ta, tum, part.

perf. of jung-or.

ju(n)g-o, junxi, junctum, jungSre, .3.

V. a. 1. Tojoin ; io bind orfaslen together.

— 2. With Pcrsonal pron. as object orPass. in reflcxive force : Tojoin one^s sel/

toanother; to effect ajunction with.— 3.

Tojoin,annex,attach.—Va&s.:i\iL{n)S-OV,jtmctus snm, jungi [akin to Gr. root

^vy, whcnce ^U^vy-niJ.i, " to join"].

junlor, us, v. juvenis.

Junlus, 5i,m. Jiinitis ; a Roman name.Ju-plter, Jovls (regularonly in nom.

and voc; thc other cases are supplied

from a form Jovis), m. Jupiter; son of

Chronos or .Satum, and king of the gods[akin to Sanscrit dyu or dyo, " heaven ;

"

pater ; and po, " Hcaven's father "].

jti-ro, ravi, atum, .iro, 1. v. n. imd a.

(" To bind one*s sclf morally ; " hcnce)

1. Neut.: To sicear.—2. Act.: To stcear;

lo take an oalh to or about a thing [akin

to Sanscrit root JU, " to bind "].

1. Jus-sus (for jub-stis), s&, sum.part.perf. of jub-cor.

2. jus-sus, sfls, m. [forjub-sus; fromjub-co] An order, comnnind.jus-tus, la, tum, adj. [for jur-tus;

from jus, jur-ia, "law"] (" Providetl orfumishcd with jus;" hence) 1. That acts

I

in accordance icilh lair ; uprighl.just.—2.Equitable, in accordance tcith Ihe principles

I

0/ laie.—Z. Of a triumph : Siich as the1 laic demands; /ull, entire, complele. ©S'I

Comp.: just-Ior; Sup.: just-isslmns.jflvgn-nis, ile, adj.' [juven-is] (" Of,

1or bclonging to, a juvenis;" henoe)Yotith/iil, ijoung, juvenile. B®" Comp.:ji5vL'nil-Ior.

jQv6n-is, is, adj. comm. gen. Young,youlh/ul.—As Subst. : comm. gen. Ayoitng person ; a yoiilh, a young maiden.83r Comp.: jiin-Ior (contracted fromjuven-ior, which occurs in Pliny) [akinto Sanscrit juvan, " young "].

Juvcntlus, li, m. Juvenlius ; aRoman pnetor, defeated by Pseudo-phil-ippus.

jQv-O, ju^-i, jiittim, jQvare, 1. v. a. 1,To delight, please, grali/y.—2. To help,aid, assist.

juxta, prep. gov. acc. [probably forjug-sta ; from jug, root of ju(n)g-o

;

STA, root of 8t(a)-o] ("Standing joinedor connectcd togethcr

;

" hcnce) Closelo,close beside, hard by, by Ihe side o/, near.

labor-o, iivi, atiim, are.l. v. n. and a.

[labor, "labour"] 1, Xeut. : a. To lab-our or toil.—b. To be tn distress or danger.—C. To stiffer; to be troubled.—2. Act.:To labour at or /or; to icork /or.—Pass.:labor-or, atus sjum, ari.

LacSdaemdnli, orum, m. T?ie La-cedwmonians; a peoplc occupying theccntral state of Soutliem Greece, or t"ae

Peloponnesus, now the Morea. Theywere themost warlike of all the Greeks.Their principal city was Sparta (nowifistra).

lacr;fma, ro, f. A tear [akin toSanscrit acru, Gr. ZaKpv, " a tear "].

lacryma-bHis, blle, adj. [lacrym-(a)-o, "to weep"] 1. That may, or canbe, trept /or, tear/ul.—2. Producing orcalling /orlh tears; lamenlable, mourn/ul.Lselius, li, m. JUelius; a Roinan

consul.

Iset-Itla, Itto, f. [Iietus, "joj-ful"](" The quality of tho Ifetus;" hence)Joy/ulness,joy, gladness.

Lsevlnus, i, m. I.oevtnus; a Romanname.lae-vus, va, vum, adj. Le/l; i. e. on

the le/l side or hand [Gr. Aai-fos, i. e. Aai-dtwith the digamma, " left"].

Lamponlus, ii, m. Lamponius ; aleader of the Marian party.larg-lor, itus snm, Iri, 4. v. dep.

[larg-us, " bountiful "] To give bounti-/ully; to bettou: /reely.

120 VOCACULARY.

Lartlus, ti, m. Laruus; thc first

Uoman dictator.

lat-So, tii, Itum, tre, 2. v. n. To lie

tiiJ, to be conceakd [akin to Gr. root \a9,vhence AaCf^S-acoj, " to lie hicl"].

Latin-e, adv. [Latin-us] (" In theniar.ner or way of tho Latins ;

" licncc)

In the Latin tongue, in Latin.

Iiatiui, orum, v. Latinus.Lat-inus, ina, mum,adj. [contracted

from Latl-inus; from Latl-um, "Lati-um," a countrj' of Italy in which Romewas situate (now Campagna di Roma,and a part of Terra di Lavoro)] Of, orlelonging to, Latium ; Latin.—As Subst.

:

Ijatiui, orum, m. T/ie people ofLatium ;

tlie LatiiiS.

latr-0, onis, m. 1, Ahired servant,ahireling.— 2. A robber. frecbooter [Gr.

AaTp-ei!a), " to work for hire"].

latl"0-ciilor, cinatus sum, clnari, 1.

V. dep. [for latron-cinor ; from latro,

latron-is] To practise freebooting or rob-

hery ; to lead a robbers life.

latus, eris, n. [etym. imcertain] Asiile, whether of men or animals.

laur-eus, ea, eum, adj. [laur-us, " alaurel"] Of, or belonging lo, a laurel

;

madeoflaui-el, laurel-.—As Subst.: laur-ea, ae,f. (sc. coroua) A croicn or garlandof laitrel.

laus, laudis, f. [etym. uncc-rtain]

Praise, coinmendation.

lav-o, lavavi and lavi ; lavatum, laut-

um, and lotuni ; lavare, 1. v. n. and a. Totcasli, bathe, bathe one's self [akin to Gr.Aov-(o, " to wash"].lec-tus (forleg-tus), ta,tum : 1. Part.

perf. of kgor.—2. Pa. : Picked, chosen,

select. ftSf Comp. : lect-Ior ; Sup. : lect-

issimus.

lega-tlo, tlonis, f. [leg(a)-o, "tosendas an ambassador"] (" A sending as anambassador ;" hence) An embass!/, Jega-

tion.

lega-tus, ti, m. [id.] 1. An amhas-sador, a legate.—2. A lieutenant-general.

leg-io, lonis, f. [leg-o] (" Alevyingorenlisting ; " hence) A bodij oftroops kvied

;

a Ronian legion.

leg-o, legi, lectum, legere, 3. v. a. 1.

To lay or put together ; to gather, coUect.—2. To choose oitt, pick out, setect.—3. OfEoldiers : To levy, raise, enlist.— Pass.

:

leg-or, lectus 6mn,Icgi [Gr. Xey-to, "togather." etc.].

len-itas, Itatis, f. [len-is, "soft"](" The quality of thelenis;" hence) 1.

Softness.—2. Mildness, gentleness.

len-iter, adv. [id.] 1. Sofl!y.~2.Gently, mildly, calmly, quietly. Ks"Comp. : len-ius ; Sup. : len-isslme.

Lentulus, i, m. Lentulus ; a Romanname.Lepldus, i, m. Lepidus {M. .^milius);

a Eonian of an illustrious family. Al-thoughhe was entirely destitute of milit-

ary talents, he gained, by artifice andiutrigue, considerable influence in the

army ; aud after the defcat of Caesar'8raurdercrs, he was mado by tlie soldiers

ono of tlie triumvirs between whom theempire was divided. He did not, how-ever, long rctain the station to which hehad been elevated. Augustus, one of hiscolleagues, soon took advantage of hisindolence and incapacitj-, and obligedhira to resigu the power iiito liis hands.After this degradation he retirod to Cer-ceii, a to^vn on the coast of Latium,where he died. He was distinguished,likc most of his contemporaries, for hiscruelty, as well as for his ambition.

16v-is, e, adj. 1, Light!ymoving,quick,nimlite.—2. Lighl in weight.—3. Lightin character.— 4. Trivial, unimportant,trifling, insignificani. K^ Comp.: 15v-

lor; Sup.: lcv-isslmus [akin to Sanscritlaghu, " lightly moving," ctc.].

lex, Ifgis, f. [= leg-s; fr. leg-o, " toread"] ("That which is read;" hence)1. A bil! (i. e. a proposition reduced to^TOting and read to the people with aview of their passingit into law).— 2. Alaw, statute, decree, ordinance.—Z. Terms,condition.

liben-ter, adv. [for libent-ter; fr.

libens, libent-is, " willing"] Willingly,

cheeifully, gladly. l^f Comp. : libent-lus; Sup.: libent-isslme.

1. lib-er, era, Crum, adj.[akin to lib-et," it pleases"] (" Doing as one pleases ordesires ;

" hence) Pree, unreslricted.—AsSubst. : liber, eri, m. (sc. homo) A freeman. BS" Comp. : liber-lor ; Sup.

:

liber-rimus.

2. liber, eri,m. [etym. uncertain] 1. Achild.—2. Plur.: Children, offspring.

liber-alis, ale, adj. [1. liber] 1. Of,or belonging to, a free man.—2. Befitting

a free man ; nohle, courteous, gentleman-ly. — 3. Liberal, bountiful, generous.

SfesS" Comp.: liberal-Ior ; Sup. : liberal-

isslmus.

Uberal-itas, Itatis, f. [ liberal-is ](" The quality of the Uberalis ;

" hence)1, A noble, kind, or generous disposition.—2. Generosily, liberaUly.

liber-o, avi, atum, ar.e, 1. v.a.[I. liber]

1, To free, set free, liberate.—2. To free,release, disengage, extricale.—Pass. : liber-or, atus simi, iiri.

liber-tas, tatis, f. [id.] (" The stateor condition of the liber ; " hence) Pree-dom, liberty.

liber-tus, ti, m. [Ilber-o] (" Onethathas been set fr^e ;

" hence) A freedman

;

i. e. a slave who has bcen gi-anted hiafreedom.lib-ido, idinis, f. [lib-eo, " to be

pleasing or agreeable"] (" A pleasingone'sself ;" hence) 1. Desire, eagerness,longing, inclination.— 2. Inordinate desire,

caprice.—3. Lust, passion.

Llbo, onis, m. Libo; a Roman namali-bra, bras, f. [etym. uncertain] A

pound iceight,

Llburn-us, a, um, adj, [Libum-i,

VOCABULAnT. 121

"Tho Llburni ;" tho inlmbltajits of Ll-bnmln, a provlnce of Illvriiim, on thoA.Irintic, opposite to Italy] Liburniiins.It was to hls Libiimian pallej s, whichwcre of a vcry lipht con.-:nicti..n, thntAHgu?tii3 was niainlv inJcbte-l for hiivictory at the battle of Actium.I^tbya, op, f. Libija : a kingdom of

Afnca. to the wcst of Eg-vpt. Some-times Libya is uscd for Africa.Llbyssa, ie, f. Libijssa; a town of

Bithynia, famons on nccount of its con-taining the tomb of Hannibal.

llc-«t, Oit or Itum est, tre, 2. v. n.impors. [ctym. nncertain] // is, etc.,y^rmitteil or lair/iil.

Llclnlus, li, m. Zicinius; a Romaiiname.Uclnus, i, m. Licinus; a Roman

name.Llgflres, nm, m. TTlf Ligures or Liy-

vruiiis; the inhabitants of Liguria, aCOTintry of the wcnem part of Italy, ofwhich Genoa is now tlie capital.LHj^boetun, i, n. Lili/bwum ; a pro-

montory on the westcm coast of Sicily(no\i Capo Ji Boco). A city of the samename was situntcd upon it.

li-tns (li-ttnB), toris, n. [probably li,root of li-no, " to overspre.ad "] (" Thatwhich is overspread," esp. by the sea

;

hence) The sca-s/iore, seaside, heach , strami.Livlus, li, m. Livius; a Roman name.15c-us, i, m.

; pliir. loc-i, Orum, ni.,Ii5c-a, .'rum, n. (" That which is put orplaced ; " hence) 4 place [probably akinto Gr. root Af;^, " to put" or "place"].LoUIus, li, m. Lollius; the namc of

the first Roman govcraor of the provinceDf Gnlatia.

long-e, adv. [long-ns] l. /n lenglh.— 2. /'«r off, a long uav off, at a greatdistance.—3. Greatly, much, by miich, by i

far, exceedingly. KST Comp.: long-Ius ; 1

Sup.: long-isslme.|

Long^us, i, m. Longinus; a Roman !

name.long-us, a, nm, adj. 1. Long.— 2. '

nemote, distant. Bag» Comp.: long-Tor ; I

Sup. : long-isslmus [akin to Sanscrit '

dirgha,"long"]. i

lor-ica, Icae, f . [lor-nm, " a thong "] '

(" A thing pertaining to or marle of lora;

"

hence) 1. A cuirass or corselet made o/lealhern thongs.—2. A metal cuirass, ctc;a breastplate.

Lucani, onim, m. The Lucani orLiicanians; the inhabitants of Lucaniaa country of Lower Italy.Luclus, li, m. Lucius; a Roman

name, e=p. Luciua Tarquinius Superbus,tho last king of R.me.Lucretla, a;, f. Lucretia; the wife of

Tarquinius Collatinne.Lucretlus, li, m. ^ttcr*/!!//,- aRoman

namc.luc-tus, tQs, m. [for Ing-tus ; fr.

lug-eo] Gri^, torrow, mourning, lamen-tation.

LactUIU5, I, m. Liicullus; a Romannnme.IQ-CUS, ci, m. (" A cut plncc ;" hcncc)

1. An open xcood; a vooded, park-tikeglade.—2. A uood in gcneral.

'

IQ-dus, (li, m. (" Thc rclaxing thing "

or " the Ihing nffording relaxation") 1.A play, game, direrswn, pastime. 2.Plur.: Public games, spectacles, shoicsLudi Romani, The Roman games. Tliesegames, called also Ludi Circenscs andLudi Magni, werc colcbrated at Romoannu.ally, and continued from the 4th totho 12tlj of Scptcmber. Thov were inhonour of Jupiter, Juno, and" Minorva,according to somo ; but, according toothers, of Jupiter, Xeptune, and Consus.thegod of " Counscl" or " Advice."—3.A school or Iraining-place for gladiators.[Akin to Gr. Xvio, •• to loosen orrelax."]lug-go, luxi, luctum, lugere, 2. v. n.

and a. 1. Neut.: a. To mourn, lament,'orrow, bevail.—-b. To mourn for thedead.- c. To ucar mourning,bein mourn-ing.—2. Act.: To lamenl oi sorroic /or OTon account o/; to mourn /or.Lusitani, 6n;m, v. Lusitania.Lusltanla, n?, f. /.uiiCaHm ; compris-

Ing the modern rortugal, togothor witha part of tho Spanish provinces of Estre-madura and Tolcdo.—Hcnce, Lusitan-US, a, um, adj. o/, or belonging to, Lus-itania; Lusitanian.—Xs Subst. : Lusit-ani, orum, m. ITie people o/ Lusitania :the Lusilanians.

Lutatlus, li, m. Lulatius; a Romannainc.

luxflr-Ia, lic, f. [Inxus, "excess;"through obsolcte adj. Inxur-is, "of orbelonging to luxus"] Excess, luxurv.extraragatice,etc.

. ^^C-f*' ^' ^- J-l/cia; a country ofAsia Minor, botween Pamphylia andCana, known amongst the ancicntaby the name of Mylia. It is now calledAidinelli.

M'. See ITaniusMacedo, d.jnis, m. A Macedoman, aman o/ Jfacedonia. Jlacedonia was a

conntry betwcen Thrace, Epirus, andGreecc. It was first formed into a king-dom by Caran, a descendant of HerculesSUyears before the Christian era ; butitwas neither powerful nor eminent tUlB.c. 3C0, when it acquired much glory.aswell as extent of territory, by the vic-tones of Philip, and his successor Alex-ander tho Great. Thc ancicnt namos ofMacedonia were Mygdonia, ^monia,Paeonia, Edonia, wEmathia, and Pioria —Hence, Maced6n-Ia, Ise, f. The country0/ the Af(icf:<loni(ins; Jfacedon ia.—BenceMacgdSnl-cus, ca, cum, adj. 0/ orbelonging to, Macedonia ; MacedonianMacedonic. '

Msedi, 5nim, m. The Jfa:di; a Thrac-lan people oii the borders of Macedonia.

122 VOCABULARY.

inag-is, comp. adv. Ifore. BS^Bup.: maxime (i.c. mag-sime) Most, mthe highest derjree; very greatly [root mag ;

V. magnus].mag-isteriistri.m.CrootMAG.whcnce

ma^-nus] (" He tliat makes himself great

or mighty;" hence) A masler, chie/,

superior, otc. ,, . ^

Magnesla, aj, f. MagnesM (novf

ilarjnesi), a to^vn at the foot of Mount

Sipylus in Lydia.magnifficentissYm-e,sup.aav.[mag-

nificentissim-us, irregular superlatne ot

ma-niificus, " magnificcnt"] Most 7na(/ni-

ficentUj or spJendidly ; in a most magnificent

or splendid manner. %^ Fos.: magni-

flceutcr; Comp.: raagnfficentlus.

magn-itudo, Itudinis, f. [magn-usj

(" Thc state or quality of the maguus ;

hence) Greatness, vast size, magnitude.

mag-nns, na, num, adj. ("Inoreased,

grown ; " lience) Great, large. K®"Comp. : major ( i. e. mag-ior ; Sup. :

maximus (i.e. mag-simus) [akin to San-

scrit root mah, " to increase"].

Mago, onis, m. Mago ; the brother of

Hannibal.,, i,r • "

Mai-us, a, um, adj. [Mai-a; "Maia,

the daughter of Atlas and Pleione, and

the mother of Mercui-y by Jupiter] Of,

or belonging to, Maia.—As Subst. : Maius,ii, m. (sc. mensis) The month pertaimng

to Maia; the month of May; May.

maj-estas, estatis, f. [old maj-us,

"great"] ("Tlie quality or condition of

the majus; " hence) 1. Greatness, grand-

eur, dignily, majesty.—2. Honour, splend-

mir, excellence.

major, us, comp. adj. 1. Greater,

}arger.—2. Of age : Older, elder ; v. mag-

nial-e, adv. [mal-us] 1. Bad!y, not

well. — 2. Unfortunately, vnsttccessfuUy,

calamitoushj. — 3. Injuriously, unjustly.

!ggr Comp.: pejus; Sup.: pessime.

maliim, i, v. malus.

mal-us, a, um, adj. (" Filthy ;—

"blaok;" hence) 1. Bad, in the widest

sense of the word.— 2. Destructive, injuri-

ous, hurtful, mischievous. — Z. Adverse,

unfortunate, calamitous. — As Subst. :

malum, i, n. An adverse or vnfortunate

thing ; a calamity, misforlune. 8S" Comp;

:

pcjor; Sup.: pessimus' [akin to Sanscrit

mal-a, " filth; " Gr. fxeA-as, " black"].

Mamercus, i. m. Mamercus; a Rom-an name.Mammaea, eb, f. Manunwa ; a Roman

name.Mancinus, i, m. Mancinus; aRoman

name.man-do, davi, datum, dare, 1. v. a.

[man-us; do] ("Toputintoone'shaud;

heuce) 1. To commit to one's charge or

care; to enjoin, order, command.—2. To

commit, consign, confide.—Vass. : man-dor, datus sum, diiri. — Impers. p.iss.

conjunctive imperf. : mandarettir, II

sJicvld be ordered.

man-go, si, sum, Cre, 2. v. n. 1. To

stop, slay, remain.—2. To continue, endure

[akin to Gr. ixev-ia, "to remain"].

Manilius, li, m. Manilius; a Romanname. . i. ,

Manius, li, m. Manius (abbreviated

M'); a Roman name.Manllus, li, m. Mantius; aEoman

name.manu-mitto, mlsi, missum, mittere,

3. V. a. [manus, (uncontracted Gen.)

manu-is ; mitto] To retease from one't

poicer; to set at liberty; to enfranchise,

mal;e free.—Tass.: manii-mittor, mis-

sus sum, mitti.

ma-nus, nus, f. (" The measuring

thing;" hence) 1. A hand.—2. A band,

lody of persons [akin to Sanscnt root

WAU, " to measure"].Marcel-lus, li, m. [for Marcul-lus

;

fr. marcul-us, " a little hammer ] Mar-

cellus (i.e. " Little Hammer"); a Romanname.Marc-ifis, li, m. [marc-us, a ham-

mer"] (" One pertaining to a hammer")Marcius ; a Rom.an name ; esp. Q.

Marcius. This celebrated general is more

frequently styled in Iiistory Coriolanus, a

name -which was given to him in conse-

quence of his victories over the Volsci,

and his ha-iing taken their city Corioli.

Notwithstanding his niimerous military

exploits, and the many services he had

rendered to his country, he bcoame un-

popnlar among the people ; and having

impnidently advised the selliug, iustead

of the gi-atuitous distribution, of some

com, which had been received by the

senate as a present fi-om Sieily, the trib-

unes raised a scdition against him ;and

being brought to trial he was banished

from Rome. Instigated by resentment

on account of this rigorous and unjust

sentence, he immediatcly retired fi-om the

city to the encmies whom he had so often

conquered, urgcd them once more to at-

tack the Romans. and offered to head

their armies. With this proposal the

Volsci readily complied ; and, after a

sciies of successful contcsts with the

foroes of his coimti-y, his victorious armypitched its camp within five miles of

Rome. To save their city fi-om tlie fatal

effects of his resentment, the Romanssent toMm repeated embassies ; but whenevery proposal of reconciliation had been

soomfully reiected, and the destruction

of the city app"eared inevitable, the tears

and entreaties of liis wife and mother

prevailed on Coriolanus to withdraw his

armies, and to spare his country. But his

compliance with thcir entreaties proved

fatal to himself . The Volsci ,exasperated

by liis conduct, summoned him to appear

before the pcople of Antium, and their

rescntment against him was so violent,

that he was murdered before his trial

was ended.

Marcus, i, m. [marcus, "a ham-

VOCABULART. 123

mer"] J/irwM (i.c. "Ilammcr"); anoman name.mSr-c, i.«, n. The sea [akin to Sanscrit

vftr-1, " water"].Marifinns, a, nm, v. Slnrins.

mSr-Itlxans, Itlmn, Itlmum, adj.

[mar-e] 1. (*/, or helonging to, the sea;tea- ; mariHme.—2. On tbe sta coast ; bor-dering on thi sea.

m&rit-tis, i, m. [marit-a, " amarrieclwcman"] (•' Onopertainingtoamarita;"hencei A married man, htisband.

MSr-Ius. li, ni. [probably ma;', mar-is. " .1 male ' ] (" Pertaining to a male")Marins; aRnman namc : esp. C. Marins,a Roman general, who ^vas rcmarkablefor liis sncccss in war, his ambition, andhls cruelty. Althongh he was the fonof a peasant, he raii-ed himfelf by histalcnts, Rnd bj- sedition and intriguc, tothe highest lionours in the state, andvas a seventh time consnl -n-hen he died.—Hence, MSrl-anus, ana, anum, adi.

0/, or Monging to, Marius; Marian. «?Mar-s, tis, m. Mars; the god of war

[etym. uncertain ; according to some,mas, mar-is, and so " The Manly One ;

"

according to others from Sanscrit rootMAi{, " to crnsh," and so " The Crusher "

or "Slayer"]. — Hence, Mart-Ius, la,

lum, adj. 0/, or belonging to, Mars.—AsSnbst. : Martlns, li, m. (sc. mensis)The month dedicated to Mars ; the monthofMarch; Mareh.Marsi, orum,- m. The Marsi; an

Itallan people who came originally from(}«rmany, and settled near Lake Fuctcus(now Cc-iano).

Martlns, a, um, Martlu8,li, v. JTars.

MSsInissa, £e, m. Masinissa; kingof a small territory in Africa, adjoiningthe kinglom of Sj-phax, which was sub-seiuently granted to him. In the courseof the second Punic war Scipio took anephe^of this monarch prisoner, and dis-

missed him without ransom. Masinissa,from gratitnde, became a steady andfaithfnl ally of the Romans.ma-ter, tris, f. (" A producer ;" hence)

A mcthtr [akin to Sanscrit root >la,

"to prorluce;" Gr. /xij-tt;/) ; Doric, )xd-

t>jp1.

mater-nus, na, nnm, adj. [mater,mat(e)r-is] 0/, or belonging to, a mother;maternal.

matr-ona, onse, t. [mater, matr-is](" One pertaining to a mater ;

" hence)1. A married tcomar , wife, matron.—2.A ladu.

Maurltanla, te, f. Mauritania; acountry of Africa, on the coast of theMediterranean, the modem Fez andMorocco, with part of AJgiers.

maxlme, superl. adv. v. magis.1. maxlmus, a, um, snperl. adj. bcc

magnn=.2. Maxlmus, i, m. [1. maximus]

("Greatest;" hence; Maiimus; n Rom-an HA.Tic.

MazSca, te, f. Mataea (now Mteat) ;the chief city of Cappadocia.mdd-Icus, Ica, Icnm, adj. [med-eor,

"toheal"] I/ealiiig.—&.s Subst. : m6d-lcus, lcl, m. (" A licaler ;" hence) A med-icalman; a physiciiin.

mSdl-e, adv. [iiiedi-us] Inamiddling,or moderate, tcay or degree; moderately.mSdl-Stas, rtatis,"f. [id.] (" The Btate

of the medius;" licncc) The middle, themidst.

MSdI61anuiii,5,n. Mediolanum (aovrMilan) ; a city of Cisalpine Gaul, in thecountry of the In-ubros.mSd-Ius, la, lnm, adj. T7iat is in the

middle; middle [akin to Gr. ^«'<7-o«].

mSUor, us.comp. ndj. Belter: v. bontw.mSmSr-Ia, Lt, f. [memor, "mind-

ful"] ("The stato or quality of thememor;" hence) 1. The faculty of re-membering, the memory.—2. liecoUection,remembrance, memoiy.men-sis, sis, m. [^rEX, a root of me-

tior, " to measure"] (" The measnr-ing thing ;

" hencc) .1 month, as a mea-sure of time.

men-tlo, tl8nls, f. [xtEN, root ofmemini, " to mention"] A meniioning,mention.

mcn-tilm, ti, n. [for min-tum ; frommin-or, " to project"] (" The projectingthing;" hence) Thechin.mSr-eo, fii, Itnm, fre, 2. v. a. ("To

obtain as au allotment," hence) 1. Toget, gain, acguire, obtain.—2. To deserve,merit [akjn toSanscritroot.MA, "to mea-sure," whence Gr. /aep or fiap, root offteip-ofioi, "to allot"].

mcrg-o, mersi, mersum, mergSre, 3.

V. a. To (.lip or plunge in; to immerse.—Pass. : mergr-or, merstis sum, mergi[akin to Sauscrit root madsh, " toplnnge"].mSr-Itnm, Iti, n. [mer-eo, " to de-

serve "] (" That which deserves or meritssomething;" hencei 1. A servicc, kind-ness. benefil.—2. Reward, recompmse.Mesopotamla, m, f. Mesopotamia

(now Diarbekr) ; a country of Asia. be-tween the rivers Tigris and Euphratea[SIe<7oiroTa/.iia, " Country betweon riv-

ers"].

MStaurus, i, m. Metaurus (now Me-taro or Metro) ; a rivcr of Umbria.Mgtellus, i, m. MeteUus; a Roman

name : esp. 1. A consul who gained agreat victory in Sicily over Hasdrnbal , theCarthaginian general. At a subsequentperiod, when the Tomplc of Vcsta wason fire, Metellus rushed into it, and, atthe risk of his life, sncceodod in rescuitigfrom the fiames tl:e palladium, whichJEncas was said to have bronght fromTroy into Italy. In doing this he lost hlacyesight, and one of liis arms ; and thoSenate, to mark its scnse of his intrep-idity and pioty. allowcd him to be drawnto thc scnate-hoiiso in a chariot ; anhonour and n pri\ilege never before con-

124 VOCABULAnY.

ferred.—2. Q. Metellus, suraamed Pius,

from the grief he e.xhibited atthebanish-

ment of liis fathcr, Q. MeteUus Isumid-

lcu?, whosc recal he effccted.

metus, us, m. [etym. uncertain] Fear,

dread.Micipsa, se, m. Micipsa: a son ot

Masinifsa, and king of Numidia.

migr-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. n. [etym.

nnccrtain] To go from one place to an-

other ; lo deparl, remove, migrate.

miles, militis, comm. gen. [etym.

micertain] 1, A soldier.—2. Soldiery.

milit-aris, are, adj. [miles, miht-is]

0/, or belonfjing to, a soldier, or to scldiers

;

mihlaru.mIlIt-0, avi, atum, are, 1. v. n. [id.]

To be a soldier, to serve in the army.

mil-le, num. adj. indecl. .1 tfiousand.—As Subst. : milUa, um, n. plur. A thou-

satid [akin to Gr. xiA-iot, " a tlioitsand "J.

millia, um, v. mille.

milli-arius, arla, arium, adj. [mU-

li-a] 0/, ov belotiging to, a Ihoiisand.—As

Subst. : milliarlum, li, n. (sc. saxum)

A mile-stone; i. e. a stone indicating the|

measured space of a thousand Komanpaces or Roman mUe.minlmus, a, um, superl. adj. v. par-

vus.

minor, us, comp. adj. v. parvus.

IHinucIus, ii, m. Minucius ; a Rom-an uame. „mm-us, comp. adv. [min-or, " less ]

Jn a smaller or less degrte; less. ^S"Pos. : parve ; Sup. : mmlme.mira-bnis, bfle, adj. [mir(a)-or]

That may or can be icondered at; uonder-

fiil, mari-ellous, extraordinary. f^"Comp. : mirabil-ior.

mi-ror, ratus sum, rari, 1. v. dep.

("To smile upon" in approval, etc. ;

honce) 1. To itonder or be astonished.—2.

To tconder or be astonished at [akin to

Sanscrit root SMi, " to smile "].

miS"Sus (for mitt-sus), sa, sum, part.

perf. of mitt-or.

Bnthridates, is, m. Mithridafes.

Mithridates was a name commonly borne

by the kings of Pontus. This coimtry

was situated in Asia Minor, on the coast

of the Euxine. The Mithi-idates men-tioned by Eutropius, Book iv. chap. 20,

was the sisth of the name, and was sur-

named by the Komans Euergetes, or

Benefactor, for the aid lie rendered to

them.—Hencs, Mithrldat-icus, ica,

lcum, adj. 0/, or belongirg to, Mithri-

dates; Mithridatic.

mitto, misi, missum, mittSre, 3. v. a.

[etym. imcertain] 1. To suffer, permit,

or allow lo go.—2. : a. To cause to go; to

send, dixpatch.—b. Of weapons, etc. : To

throic, cast, hurl, dischai-ge.—c. Of a voice,

&ouHd,etc. : Tosendforth, utter.—d. Of a

ciirtiun at the theatre : To let doicn, to

loicer. — 'Pa.ss.: mittor, missus sum,

mitti.

moderat-e, adv. [moderat-us] r^ii-

perately, icilh moderation. V^T Comp. :

mod6rat-ius ; Sup. : m6dCrat-is8lme.

modSra-tlo, tlonis, f. [moder(a)-or,

"tolimitor restrict"] 1.^ Umiting.—

2. Moderation.modera-tus, ta, tum, adj. Restrict-

ing one's self; observing moderalion, mod-erate. BS^ Comp. ; m5d6rat-Ior ; Sup.

:

modgrat-issim us.

mod-Ius, li, m. [mod-us] (" Tliething

pcrtaining to a modus ;" hence) A mod-

ius; a Koman dry measure, nearly equi-

valent to oiu- peck, by which word it is

usually translated.

mo-dus, di, m. ("The measuring

thing; " hence) 1. A measure or standard

by which anytliing is measured, etc.—2.

A icay, manner, method, mode [prob. akin

to Sanscrit root ma, " to measure"].

Mogontiacum, i, n. Mogontiacum

(now Maiience, or, according tc some,

£ichels!eiii) ; a city of Gemauy.mol-lis, le, adj. [etym. uncertain] 1.

,Sor't.—2. Tender,delicate.—Z. Effeminate.

I^T Comp. : moU-ior ; Sup. : moU-issimus-

mon-eo, ui, Itum, ere, 2. v. a. (" Tocauseormake to think;" hence) 1. To

remind or put in mind of; to bring to the

recollection.—2.To admon ish , advise, icarn.

—3. To teach, insfruct, inform.— Tass. :

mon-eor, Itus sum, eri [akin to Sanscrit

root MAN-, " to think"].

mon-s, tis,m. [for min-(t)-s ; fr. min-

eo, "to project"] (" A projecting ; "—"that -svhich projects or juts forth;"

hence) A mounfain, mount.

mon-iimentum, umenti, n. [mon-

eo] ("The thing serving to remind;"

hence) 1. A mx)nument of any kind.—

2. A tomb, sepulchre; a sepulchral mon-ument.mor-bus, bi, m. Sickness, disease

[prob. akin to Gr. >idp-os, " disease"].

mor-lor, tuus sum, i or iri, 4. v. dep.

To die [akin to Sanscrit root xmi or map.,

" to die"].

mor-s, tis, f. [mor-ior] Death.

m-os, oris, m. [probably for me-os

;

from me-o, " to go "] V' The going, the

pursuing one's way ;" hence) 1. The uill

of a person ; self-will, humour, capi-ice.—2. i'sage,custom,habit,icont.—3. Mostly

plm-al : Character, conduct, manners, be-

haviour.1. mo-tus, tiis, m. [for mov-tus ; fr.

mov-eo] A moving, motion.

2. mo-tus(iormov-tus),ta,tum,part.perf . of mov-eor.mov-eo, movi, m6timi,movere, 2. v. a.

[etym. imcertain] 1. To more, set in mo-

tion.— 2. To excite, call forth, occasion,

cause : movere beUum, to stir up or kindle

war: movere tumultum, to excite or raise

an insurrection, etc. : movere arma, to

take vp arms, raise a icai:—3. To com-

Tne/ice, begin. undertake.—4. To impress.—

5. To disturb, agitate.—^Pass.: mov-eor,motas sum, m5veri.

I

VOCABULART. 125

mox, tnir, [prob. for mov-e ; fr. mov-eo ; or, clse, nn abbreviation fr. obsolcteluij. mov-ox, "moving"] 1. Soon, pre-sfnHv.—2. Jn Ihe next place, aftertrards.

Maclos, li, m. Mucius; a Itomannamc.mflllS-bris, brc, adj. [formiilicr-bris

;

from mulier, " a womnn "] (" Broughtnbout by a woman;" hence) 1. rtr-formed b>i, or originating with,a tcoman.—2. Pertaininy lo a uoman.—3. Womanish,icomanlHe, unmanlti.

mult-ltudo, UQdlnls, f. [mult-us](" Thc state, etc.,of themultus;" hcncc)A great number, tnuitilude, etc.

1. mtilt-o, a\-i, iltum, arc, 1. v. a.

[mult-a, " a fine"] To fine, impose a fineupon, anurce.—Pass. : mult-or, atussnra, ari.

2. mult-0, adv. [mult-ns] 1. Much,far, gready.—2. Dy much, by/ar.mul-tus, ta, tum, adj. 1. Sing.:

Much.—2. 1'Iur.: Many.—As Subst.: a.multi, onmi, m. (sc. homines) Manymen,many persons.—b. multa, ori-.a, n.Many things. 83?" Comp.: plus ; ^•\p.:

plurlmus [etym. unccrtain ; but ixa-hapsGr. r-oA-v>, "much"].Mummlus, li, m. Mummius ; a Bom-

an name.Munda, se, f. Mun^a; a large and

well fortified to\vn of H..-pania Baetica,near «•hich a battle was fought betwcenCiEsar and the republican forces ofRome nnder Labienus and one of thcsons of Poraijcy, 17 March, B.c. 4.';. Thelittle village of Monda, near Malaga inGrcnada, is supposedto be near its ancientsite.

mu-nus, nEris, n. ("The measuredthing," or " appointed thing ;

" hence)1. An office.—2, A presenl, gi/t [perhapsakin to Sanscrit root ma, " to measure "].

Miiraena, as, m. [murajna, " a lam-prey "] Mnrcena ; a Roman name.mii-ru3, ri, m. (" The thing warding

off ; " hence) A tcall of a city, ctc. [prob-ably for mun-rus ; fr. Gr. a-/xu»'-w, " toward off "].

Mus, Muris, m. [mus, "a mouse"]Mus; a Roman name.mu-to, tilvi, tatum, tare, 1. v. a. in-

tens [formov-to ; fr. mov-eo] (" To movemuch or from place to place

;

" hence)To ehange, alter.—Fass.: mu«tor, tatusEum, tari.

Nabis, Idis, m. A'alis; a Spartanmonarch who eqnalled in cruelty thegreatest scourges of mankind, that everexisted. Amongst other modea of torturehe devise<l for the citizens of Sparta, hemade a statue, which moved its arms bymeans of pprings, and which, bencaththe magnificcnt clothing with which it

was dre.=.?od, wa? covcrcd with sharpBpikes. Whcn the t.^Tant was displeascdwith any one, he used to have him led to

this Etatuc, which inclo.scd him in it«nrms, and prcssing liim closcly ngainsttho conccaled fpikcs, put him to thc mostngonising torturc.

nam, conj. [ctj-m. nnccrtain] For.Narbo, onis (acc. Nnrbona), f.

^arbo (now Xarbonne); the cni)ital

of Gnllia Narl»nensis, otherwiso callcdGallia Brnccata, from the bracc.T, or" brecchcs," wom by its inhnbitants.The districtcomprchcndedthenorth-wcstof modem Savoy, togcther with Dau-phin6, Provcnce, the west of Langucdoc,and thc east of (jascony.

narra-tlo, tlonis, f. [narr(n)o, "tonarrate"] (" A narrating;" hence) Anarrative, relation, story.

na-scor (g:na-), tus ev.m, sci, .3. v.

dep. [root gxa, another fonu of the rootGEK, whencc pen-o= gigno, " to beget,"Gr. yfv-idui] To be born.

Nas-ica, x, m. [nas-ns, "a no.=o"](" One having a large nose") Kasica ; acognomen in the Scipio family.na-tlo, tlonis, f. [na-=cor] (" A being

bom;" hence) 1. A ro\-, .ytecies.—2. Akind, breed.—3. A nal jn, people.—A. Asort, species.— 5. A triOc.

1. na-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. of na-scor.

2. na-tus, ti, m. [na-scor] (" lle thatisbora;" hence) A son.

nau-frSg-Itmi, li, n. [for nav-frag-ium ; fr. nav-is ; frag, root of fra(n)g-o](" A brcakir t a ship " in pieces ; hence)A s/tipirreci-.

nav-alis, ale, adj. [nav-is] 0/, orbelonging lo, a ship or ships; naval.navlga-tlo, tlonis, f. [navig(a)-o,

" to sail ' ] A sailing, navigati' •>.

navis, is, f. A ship [akin to Gr. i-aC?],

ne, adv. and conj.: 1, Adv.: a. Kot.—b. In restrictions or limitations : (a)On!y not.~(h)Much less.—2.Con}.: a.Thatnot, in order Ihat not.—b. Lcsl.—c. Afterwords denoting fcar : That.

nec, V. neque.necess-arlus, iirla, arium, adj. [ne-

cess-e, " necessary"] (" Pcrtaining tonecesse ;

" hence) 1. Unacoidable, in-

ecitable, necessary. — 2. ^'eed/ul, indis-

pensable.

nScess-Itas, Itatis, f. [id.] (" Thoquality of the neccsije ; " hence) 1, l'n-

aroidaOleness, inevitableness, necessily.—2.A'eed/ulness, indispensableness.

nSga-tus, ta, tum, part. pcrf. ofneg(a)-or.

negllgen-ter, adv. [for ncgligcnt-tcr; fr. ncgligens, ncgligcnt-is, " ncglig-ent "] Negligenlly. KSJ" Comp. : ncgllg-ent-Ius ; Sup.: negllgcnt-is.slme.

ne-g-0, ilvi, atum, arc, 1. v. n. and a.

1, Neut.: To say rio.—2. Act.: a. To denij

athing.—b. Tore/use.—Pass.: nS-g-or.fitus sum, ari [prob. akin to SanscritAliA, " to say," with ne prcfixed].

ne-mo, mlnis, coinm. gcn. [contractedfrom ne-ljomo] No person, no one, nobody.

126 VOCABULAUY.

1. nSpos, otls, m, \. A grandson.—

2. A nepheic.—Z. A. descendant [a"..iu to

Banscrit naptri or naptar, " a new son,"

or " not a vuler"].

2. Nepos, oti , m. [1. nciios] Nepos;

a maii's namc.nS-qtie (contractnd nec), adv. and

eonj. 1. Adv.: A'ot.- 2. Conj.: And not,

also not, neither. :."cque . . . nequc,

Neither . . . nor.

Nero, onis, m. Nero ; a Roman name,

esp. tlie Eoman Emperor Nero, the son

of Caius Domitius Ahenobarbus andAgrippina the daughter of Germanicus.

His name originally was Lucius DomitiusAhenobarbns; but on his mother being

maiTiedto Claudius, that emperor adopt-

ed him, and he then took the name of

Claudius Drasus Kero. Ou the death of

Claudius, he poisoned Britannicus, andcaused himself to be proclaimed emperor.

—Hence, Neron-ianus, lana, ianum,

adj. 0/, OTbelonging to, Nero; Neronian

[Sabine word, equivalent to fortis,

" strong"].ne-uter, utra, utrum, adj. [ne=non ;

nter, " either" of two] Not either, or

neither of two.Nicomedes, is, m. Nicomedes, son of

Prusias, king of Blthynia. He was iron-

ically called Philopator (" Father-

lover"), because he drove hisfather fromthe throne [NtKojuijStjj, " Contiiver of

Victory "].

Nicomedi-enses, ensmm, m. [Nic-

omedi-a, " Nicomedia," a city of Bithyn-

ia] The people o/ Nicomcdia ; the Nico-

medienses.

ni-hH (contraoted ml) , n. indecl. [apo-

copated fi-. ni-hilimi, for ne-hilimi ; fr.

ne, " not ;" hilum (= filum), " a thread"]

(" JvTot a thread;

" hence) Nothing.

NUus, i, m. Tlie Nile; the gi-eat river

of Egypt, celebrated for its annual over-

flow.

nl-si, conj. [ni, "not;" si] If not,

vnless, except.

Nisitois, is, f. Nisibis; a city of

Mesopotamia, which was generally con-

sidered, in the time of the Eomanemperors, to be the barrier between the

Eoman and Persian empires.

Nobnior, oris, m. [nobilior, "morenoble;" comp. of nobilis] Nobilior; a

Eoman name.no-bHis, bnc, adj. [no-sco] 1. That

can be knoicn or is knoicn.—2. Well-inotcn,

famous.—3. Excetlent,superior.--^. Uigh-

'lorn, noble. Kg" Comp.: nobll-ior ;

Sup.: nobil-issimus.

nobn-Itas, itatis, f. [nobil-is] ("TheEtate or quality of the nobilis

;

" hence)

1, Celebritv, fame, repuie, renown. — 2.

High, or noble, birth; nobility.—3. The

nobility or nobles.—4. Nobleness, excellence,

tuperiorily.

noct-urnus, iu-na,uraimi,adj. [nox,

noct-is] 1. C-if, or helonging to, the night;

B0cturnc(l.—2. At, or by. niqht.

Nola, se, f . Nola ; a city of Campani»,a little to the east of Neapolis (Naples).

It is said that bells were first used here

by Paulinus, bishop of the place, whodied A. D. 431 ; and hence they are soi^e-

times called ia late Latin nolre, as also

campanae.n-61o, olui, no supine, olle, v. irreg.

[contracted fr. ne-volo] 1. To not uish,

to be unwilling.—2. NoU with infinitive

to form a negative Imperative; Donot;noli imputare, do not ascribe.

no-men, minis, n. [no-sco] ("Thatwhich sorves for knowing" anobjectby

;

hence) A name, appellation.

Noment-anus, ana, aniuH, adj.

[Noment-um, " Komentum ;" a city of

the Sabines] Of, or belonging to, Noment-tim ; Nomentan : Komentana Via, The

Nomentan Road, i.e. the road leading

from Rome to Nomentum.nomina-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. of

nomin(a)-or.nomin-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a.

[uomeu, nomin-is] To name; to addre-is

or call hy name.—Fass.: nomln-or, atus

sum, axi.

non, adv. Not [akin to Sanscrit na," not"].Non-ae, arum.f. [non-us] (" Theninth

days") The Nones; i. e. the ninth daybefore the Ides in each month. In llarch,

May, July, and October they fell on the

seventh day of the month ; and in all the

other montlis on the fifth day.

nonag-esimus, esima,eslmum,num.adj. [coutracted from nonagint-esimus,

from nonagint-a, "uinety"] Ninelieth.

no-nus, na, num, adj. [for nov-nus ;

from nov-em] Ninth.

Norbanus, i, m. Norbctnus; aHom-au name.nos-ter, tra, tram, pron. possessive

[nos] Our, our own, ours.

nota-bilis, bile, adj. [not(a)o, " to

mark "] (" That may, or can, be marked ;"

hence) Remarkable, distinguished , extra-

ordinary, memorable, notdble. f^" Comp.

:

notabll-ior.

no-tus, ta, tum, adj. [no-sco, " to

know"] Knoicn,tcellknown. [^"Comp.:not-Ior ; Sup. : not-isslmus.

novem, num. adj. indecl. Nine [akin

to Sanscrit nawam, "nine"].novem-decim, num. adj. indecl.

Nineteen. _^novus, a, um, adj. Netc. BS^

Comp.: n5v-Ior; Sup.: n6v-isslmus [akin

I

to Sanscrit nawa, Gr. re'05, " new"].nox, noctis, f. Nighl [akin to Gr. cv|,

"night"].i nud-us, a, um, adj. ("Ashamed or

1made ashamed ;" hence) Naked, bare [akin

to Sanscrit root ^SiDsa , " to be ashamed "]

.

n-uUus, ulla, ullum (gen. : nuUius

;

dat.: nulU), adj. [for ne-ullus] Not any,

none, no.—As Subst.: (for nemo) No one,

nobody.NQma, se, m. Numa (PompiUus)

;

VOCABULABY. 12;

B Sabine, born at Cures, and tho secondkiug of Rome. Before Uis elcction tothe thronc, he rcsidctl oa a private per-60U in his own coiintry, cugogcd iuphilosoiihical pursnits.

Naiunntla, te, f. A^iimantia (uowOhl C\isti!i} ; a city of Sjiain.—Hence,NGmant-ini, inOrum, m. The people o/ifumantia; l/ie lyunuinlinfs.

nn-men, ralnis,n. [nu-o, " to nod"]1. A noJdiny vrith. the head, a nod.—2.Adivinitij or deitij; n yod; a goddess.niim§r-08UB, 6sa, osum,adj. [numer-

us] (•• Full of numerus ;" hence) Consitt-iny o/ a great numher; mani/old, reryinany, numerous. RiJ" Comp. : ntiiiiCros-

lor; Sup.: numi-ros-isslmus.niim-Srns, C-ri, m. (" The distributed

thing;" hence) A number [Gr. >'e>u," to distribute"].

Nfimld-n, se, m. 1. A nomad.—2.A yumidian ; one of the Numidians ; apeopleof Xorthern Africa, in the territoryof the modem Algicrs and Bildulgerid.Hence, Ntmild-Ia, te. f. The eountry 0/the Sumidians ; yumidia.nnmmus (numus), i, m. A piece

o/ moneu ; a coin ; money [Gr. voCjti/tios,

"money "].

nun-c, adv. yow [akin to Gr. vvu," now ;" ^\-ith demonstrative suffix " ce "].n-unquam, adv. [for ne-unquam]

yot at any time, at no time, never.

nuntI-0 (nuncl-), avi, atiun, are, 1.

V. a. [nuuLi-us] , To announce, report,declare, teH, reluU.—Pass. : nuntl-or,atus sum, ari.

nun-tlus (-clus), tli, m. [pcrhapscontracted from nov-ven-tias ; fromnov-us ; ven-io] (" A person, or tlung, newlycome or arrived ;" hence) 1. A messenjer.—2. A message; announcement ; neurs,tidings.

n-usquam, adv. [ne=non, "not;"usquam, "auy where"] yol anywhere;nowhere; atnoplace.

ob, prep. gov. acc. ca=c. 1. 'Withverbsof motion : Toicards, to.—2. 'With verbsofrest: At, about,be/ore.—3. On accounto/.—4i, Sometimes in composition : a.Over against, opposite.—b. Without force[akin to Sanscrit upa].6b-edIo, edivi and Mii, editura,

edire, 4. v. n. [for ob-audio ; from ob,not increasing the force of th<? simplevrord ; audio] To give ear to, hear, obey.

6b-So, ivi or li, Itum, ire, v. n. [ob," towards ;" eo] 1. To goov come towards.—2. To traverse.—S. Obire diem : Toundergo one's day; i.e. to/aU, perish, die..

6bl-tus, tus, m. [OBi, true root ofobe-o] Death, decease.

obscur-e, adv. [obscur-us] 2fean!y,igno'j!y, obscurely. I^S" Comp.: obscur-lus ; Sup^: obsciir-isslme.

Ob-scu-rus, ra, rum, adj. 1. Coveredover.—2. Itari, darkened, obscured.—3,

Uninown. — 4. Of blrth : Lou, mtan.,tgnoble,obscure. WST Comp.: obscdr-Ior;Sup.: obscOr-issImas.ob-sSquor, sCquQtus or BCcQtus snm,

sCqni, 3. v. dep. [ob (without force)

;

sequor, "to comply with"] To comply,accede, con/orm, yield; to submit; lo ac-commodate one't tel/.

obscs, I''i =. m. and f. [for obsid-s ; fr.obsid-oo] (,'• llie one staying or remaining"in a place ; hence, wth referencc to tliosawho remoin anywhere as pledges for thefaitlifulness of anothcr or others) Ahostage.

obses-sns (for obsed-sus), sa, siun,part. pcrf. of obsid-eo, througU true rootOBSED.Ob-sIdSo, stdi, sessum, sldCre, 2. v. n.

and a. [for ob-scdco] 1. Neut. [ob (with-out force)] : a. To sit, be seated.—^y. Tostay,abide,remain&ny\\heTe.—2. Act. (ob,"over against"] : a. To sil doicn overagainst, opposiie, or at.—b. To besiege, hemin, blockade, invest.—Pass. : ob-sIdSor,sessus sum, sldcri.

obsld-lo, ICnis, f. [obsid-eo] A be-sieging : a siege,blockade,invcslment.ob«tIueo, tlnQi, tcntum, tlnere, 2.

V, n. and a. [for ob-teneo ; from ob, in-tensive; teneo] 1. Neut. ("To maintainone's self or itself;" hence) : Toprevail,bring about.—2. Act.: a, To hold, tay hold0/.—b. To acquire, get possession 0/, gain,oitaiH.—Pass. : ob-tlneor, tentus siun,tlueri.

ob-vl-us, a, um, adj. [ob, " towards;"vi-o, " to go on one's way, to travel "](" Going on one's way towards ;" hence)1. Going, or coming. lo meet.—2. Jleeling,/alling in icilh.—3. Opposile.

occa-slo, slonis, f. [for occad-sio;fr. occldo, through true root occ.U)] ("Afalling out or liappening ;" hence) 1. Anoccasion, opportunity.—2. Means.

1. OC-cIdo,cIdi,casum, cidC're,3. v.n,[for ob-cado ; fr. ob, intensive ; cado, " tofall"] 1. To /all doicn, /all. — 2, Toperish.—Z. To be losl, ruined, or ulterly

undone.—4. Of the heavenly bodies : ibset.

2. oc-cido, cTdi, clsum, cldCre, 3.v. a.[for ob credo ; fr. ob, " against ;

" caedo," to strikc "

] (" To strike against ;

"

heuce) 1. To strike down, strike lo theground.— 2. To cr.t doicn, ki!i, slay,

murder.— Pass. : oc-cidor, cisus sum,cidi.

occi-sus [foroccid-sus),sa, sum,part.perf. of occid-or.

oc-ciip-o, avi, iitum, are, i. v. a. [forob-cap-o; fr. ob, intensive ; cap-io] 1,To lake, seize, or lay liold 0/.—2. To 00cupy, hold possession o/, possess.—Paes. :

OC-cup-or, atus sum, ari.

oc-curro, curri and cucurri, ciu^sum,currCre, 3. v. n. [for ob-curro ; fr. ob," towards

;'' curro] 1. To run toxcards or

I0.—2. To meet, come in the way 0/, corne wironlact witlt.

128 VOCABULARY.

6c8anu8,l,m. T/ieocean [Gr. wxcoros,

"ocean "].

Octav-Ius, li, m. [octav-us] (" Onepertainingtooctavus") Oclavius; a^Romanname.—Hencc, Octavl-anus, ani, m.(" One pertaining to au Octavius ") Oc-

tavianus; a cogiiomen of tho emperorAugustus, wbo was adoptcd out of the

gens Octavia into tbc gens Julia.

oct-avus, ava, avum, num. adj.

[oct-o] Eighih.

oct-in-gent-i, re, a, nmn. adj. [for

oct-in-cent-i ; fiom oct-o ; (i) ; (n) ; cent-

um] Eight hundred.

octo, num. adj. indecl. Eighl [Gr.

OKTlu].

octo-decim, num. adj. indecl. [for

octo-deccm] Eighteen.

octog-eslniiis, a, um, m:m. adj.

[contracted frora octogint-esimus ; fr.

octogint-a] Tlte eightieth.

octo-ginta, num. adj. indecl. [octo

;

ginta = Koi/To] (" Eigbt-tons ;" hence)JHghty.

6c-ulus, fili, ra. (•' The seeing tbing;"

heuce) A n eye [Gr. ok-os, " an eye ;"

from o7r-TO)jtat, " to Ece"].

odeum, i, n. A building for musicalperformances ; a music hall, odeum [Gr.

wSeior. " an odeum"].6d-Ium, li, n. [od-i] Ilatred, grudge,

ill-icill, enmity, aversion, odiuni.

6d-or, oris, m. (" A smelling of;

"

hence] A smell, sceni, odour [root od,akin to Gr. 6fu) ( = o6-aw), Lat. ol-eo, " to

smell of ''].

CEnomaus, i, m. (Enomaus; an es-

caped gladiator, one of tbe leaders in tbeServile War.offen-sa, sre, f . [for offend-sa ; fr.

offend-o, " to injure "] 1. An injuring orhurting.—2. An affront, wrong, injury,

offence, etc.

of-fei"0, ob-tuH, ob-latum, of-ferre, 3.

V. a. [for ob-foro ; fr. ob, " towards ;"

fero] 1. To bring towards.—2. To present,

proffer, offer, lender.—Pass. : of-feror,ob-latus sum, of-ferri.

Ogulnius, 11, m. Ogulnius; aRomanname.ol-im, adv. [for oll-im; fr. oU-e, old

form of ill-e] Of time (" At tbat time ;

"

bence): 1. Some iime ago, fornierly, oncevpon a time, once.—2. Ilereafter.—3. Ever.

Olympias, S.dis, f. An Olympiad, i. e.

tbe space of foiu- years wbich intervenedbetween the successive celebrations of

the OljTnpic games. These, the mostfamous of tbe public games of the Greeks,were instituted eithor by Pelops or Her-cules in honour of Jupiter Olympius, andcelebrated at the end of every fourthyear, near Olympia, a city of Elis inPeloponnesus (now Morea), in Greece.The modc of reckoning time by Olympiadswas first adopted in tbc year b. c. 776,when Coroebuswas a victor. [Gr. 'OAvjutt-

lo?, " an OljTnpiad."]Olympus, i, m. Oiympus .- a town on

the coast of Lycia. The celebr&tedmountain of this name is in Mace-donia.

6-men, mTnis, n. [probably for cr-men; fr. or-o] (" The thing Bpoken;"hence) ,1 prognostic, sign, omen,omn-ino, adv. [omn-is] Altogether,

wholly, enlireiy, vtterly.

omnis, e, adj. [etym. uncertain] 1.Ail, every.—2. fhe whole of, the entire.

6per-a, a;, f. [oper-or, " to work"]("A working;" hence) 1. Pains, exer-tion, work, lalour.— 2. A rendering ofservice; service, aid.

oppidum, i, n. A lown [etym. un-certain ; according to some from ops," assistance

;

" do, " to give;

" as if beingtbat which gives assistance or succoiu-,

and so protection to people ;—accordingtootbers, connected witli 7r6'6ior,or7Te'5o;',

as if obtained from en-l 7reSoi',or iTri-eSov," on the ground, on a level," etc, as op-poscd to arx, wbich usually stood ou aneminence].Opplus, li, m. Oppius; aHoman name-op-primo, pressi, pressum, primere,

3. V. a. [for ob-premo ; fr. ob, " against;

"

premo] 1. To press against.—2. Tooppressor weigh down.—3. To overpower.—4. Tocrush, overwhelm.— 5. To subdue, over-

throio.—Pass.: op-prlmor, pressussum,prlmi.oppugna-tlo, tlonis, f . [oppugn'a)-o]

A besieging, a siege.

oppugna-tiirus, tiira, turum, part.

fut. of oppugn(a)-o.op-pugno, pugnavi,pugnatum.pugn-

are, 1. v. a. [for ob-pugno; fr. ob,"against;" pugno, " to flght"] 1. Tofight against, carry on war with.— 2. Toassault, assail, invest, lay siege to.—Pass.:

op-pugnor, pugnatus sum, pugnari.optlmus, a, um, v. bonus.op-to, tavi, tatum, tSre, 1. v. a. intens.

[probably for ap-to ; from root ap, whenceap - iscor, " to obtain "

] ( " To obtainthoroughly;" hence) 1. To choose, select.

—2. To wishfor, desire.—Pass.: op-tor,tatus sum, tari.

6p-ulentus, iUenta, Qlentum, adj.

[ops, op-is, "v.'ealth"] Abounding in

wealtk ; wealthy, rich,opulent. E^g" Comp.

:

6piilent-ior ; Sup. : bpiilent-lssimus.

6pus, 6ris, n. [etym. disputed] Worlc,

lahour.

6ra-ns, ntis, part. pres. of or(a)-o.

ora-tor, t6ris,jn. [or(a)-o] A speaker,orator.

orb-is, is, m. [etym. uncertain; prob-

ably obsolete urb-o or urv-o, " to sur-round," and so akln to urb-s] (" Thesun-oimding thlng;" hence) 1, A circle,

ring, round,orbit.—2. Orbls terrarmn, orsimply orbis : (TTie circle of lands; i. e.)

77(6 icorld, universe, globe.

orb-Itas, Itiitis, f. [orb-us, " bereav-ed"] (" The state, or condition, of theorbus;" hence) Bereavement oi parents,chlldren, husband or other beloved per-

VOCAUULAKY. 129

•on ; chihUtstnest, orphanage, orphanhooJ,uiJotrhooJ.

OrcSdos, um, f. plur. [etym, nn-certaiu ; but probably connectcd withorc-a, '• n whale;" and so, Bignifyingwhale-islaiuls] 77i< Orcades, islntids ne.ir

ScotlaiiJ ; l!ie Orkneys.

ordln-Srlus, 4rla, ilrTum, aJj. [onlo,erdin-is] (" Oi, or belonging to, ordo

;"

hence) ArcorJitfi tothe usiia! crder ; usual,custo:n .. I , i':!ar,ordwary.

ord!;;-o, ;ivi. &tnm, ure, 1. v. a. [id.]

1. /'; \ set in orJer, ctc.—2. To ap-

poi:ii.—i ;i>-.: ordln-or, atus sum, ftri.

ord-o, Inis, ni. [ord-ior, " to spin orweave"] (" A spinniug or wcaving;"hence) 1. An arranging, arranyement,order.—2. A line, roic, rank, series.

Orestes, is and a;, m. Orestes; thcson of .\samemnon and Clytemncstra,who avciii.'ed hLs father"s dcith by killing

his mo-riLT, and, in company wiih his

faithf;il iricnd Pylades and his sister

Iphitreuia. priestcss of Diana in theTauric Chersonese, carried away theimagc of Diana to Italy, near Aricia.

6rl-ens, entis, part. pres. of ori-or.

—

— As Subst., m. (sc. sol): 1. The risiny

sun.— 2.: a. T/ie quarter tchere the sunrises, the East.—b. The eastern parts of the

vorlJ, the East.

6r-igo, iglnis, f. [or-ior] {" That bywhich springing up, etc., is produced

;

"

hence) 1. Birth, ^escent, origin, lineage.—2. A race.stockffamily.—3. Source,origin.

6r-Ior, tus sum, iri, 3. and 4. v. dep.

1. To slir, or bestir, one's self; to rise.—2.

To spriiig or €ome forth.—3. To rise.—4.To be bjrn, spring from, etc. [prob. akinto op-rv.ui, " to stir up"].orna-mentnun, menti, n. [om(a)-o,

" to adom''] ("The adoming thing;

"

hence) An omament, decoration.

or-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a. [os, or-is," the mouth"] ("To use tho mouth;''bence) 1. To speak.—2. Tobeg,pray, be-

seec/i.

Orodes, is and i, m. OroJes; a kingof tlie Parthians.or-tus, la, tum, part. perf. of or-ior.

OB-tendo, tendi, tensum or tentum,tendere, •". v. a. [for obs-tcndo; fr. obs(=ob). "before;" tendo] (" To spread

or stietch out before" one ; hence) Toexpose to vieic; to shotc, exhibit, Jisplay.

— Pa.5s. : os-tendor, tensus or tentusBum, tcndi.

ostlum, li, n. 1. A moutk ot any-tbing, e.g. of a river; an entrance.—2. Adoor [probably akin to Sanscrit oshtha,"alip"].Otacillus, li, m. Otacilius; a Roman

name.Otlio, onis, m. Otho ; a Roman name

;

c>p. thc Roman empcror wlio succeedcdGalba.

Pacllvi.s, !,m. A(f(V(/.s;aRomann.imc.

PSc6ru8, 1, m. Pacorus; the cldestof the thirty sons of OroQes, king of thePartluans. Ho was sont by his father,

in conjunction with Surcna, againstCrassus, whom he defeattid and slew9th Junc, n.c. 63. Pacorus waa sub-o-quently defcatcd and slain on tbe four-tcenth anniversary of his victory overCrassus ; viz. 9th June, n.c. .39.

paene,adv. yearly,almost. BS^Sup.:pajn^-isslijie.

P&Iae6pbarsalus, i, f. Palccophars-alus (now Far.<:n) ; a city of Thessaly,near which a battle betwecn Caisar andPompey was foupht 1 2th Jlay, B. C. 48

;

and in it there fcU of C;e.=.ar's troops 200aocorJing to some, 1200 according to

others. Pompcy's loss is also difTcrcntly

estimated; bv some at 1">,000, by othersat 2.5,Ooi\ kineJ, togcther with 24,000taAcn prisoners.

PSlaestina, !c, f. Pa'estine ; a countryof Syria ; now sometimes called TheHoly Land.Paiat-inus, Ina, Inum, adj. [Palat-

iiim, " Palatium," one of the seven hills

on which Rome was built] 0/, or belong-

ing to, Palatium ; Palatine. Mount Palat-ine was the first occupied of the sevenhills, 011 which Roine subsequently stood.

palatlum, li, n. [iJ.] (After theAugustan age) Apalace; because Augus-tus had the imperial abode on MountPal.itium.

pal-u-s, paludis, f. (" The thing hav-ing wet cluy or mud ;

" hence) A marsh,bog, morass, suamp, fen [hybrid word

:

Gr. n-i)A-()s, " mud ;" ud-us, " wet"].Pampbylla, te, f. Pamphylia ; a

country on the sea-co.ist of Asia Minor,between Lycia and Cilicia [TlauijivKia," the country of the minglal tribes orraces"].Pannonia, %, f. /V/nnonia; acountry

of Europe containiiig the modem prov-inces of Croatia, Carniola, Sclavonia,

Bosnia, and Hungary.— Hence, Pann-6nl-us, a, um (-cus, -ea, -cum), adj.

Of, or belonging to, Pannonia ; Pannon-ian.

Pansa, tc, m. Pansa ; a Roman name.Panticapajon, i, n. Panticapceon ; a

city of Pontus.Papbljlgo, onis, m. A Pap/ilagonian.

— Hence, PapblSg6n-la, ix, f. Thecountry of t/ie Pap/ilagonians ; Paphlagonia,the most northern country of Asia llinor,

on the coast of the Euxine, lay betweenBithynia on thc west, and Pontus on theeast. while Galatia forined its boundaryon the ?outh.

Papii'Ius, li, m. Papirius; a Romanname,pSr(a)-ns, ntis, p.irt. pres. of par(a) -o.

pSra-tus, ta, tuui, part. perf. ot

par(a)-or.

pSr-ens, entis, comm. gen. [for pari-

ens; fr. pari-o] 1. A parent: afat/ier,amol!:cr. — 2. A kinsman,relative: parcM

3

130 VOCADULAUr.

rarqninii, the kinsman o/ Tarquin : book i.

chapter 8.

par-6o, ui, Itum, cre, 2.v. n. [akiu to

par-io] 1 . To comeforth ; to appear or he

risiOle.- 2. To obeti.—3. To be subject lo.

par-iter, ailv."[par, "equal"] Equal-ly, in an eqncil manner, in like tnanner, as

tcell.

par-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a. (" Tobriug or put ;

" hence) To make or get

reacly ; to prepare,ftiruish, equip,—Pass.

:

par-or, atus sum, ari [ttr. (J)e'p-a), Lat.

fer-o, " to bear"].parr-I-cid-Ivxm, li, n. [probably for

patr-i-CKd-ium ; fr. pater, patr-is;

(i)

;

CEcd-o] 1. The murderof one'sfather,par-ricide.—2, The murder of one's mother,brother, relation, etc.—3. The murder of

a free citizcn.

par-s, tis, f. (" That which is cut;

"

hence) 1. A part, piece, portion, share.—2. Mostly plural : A political party, fac-tion, etc. [probably akin to Gr. 0op-w,"to cut"].Parthenopolis, Is, f. ParthenopoUs

;

a city of Mcesia Inferior [IIopflei^dTroAis,

"Maiden-City"].Parthus, i, m. A Parthian. The

kingdom of Parthia was founded byArsaces, a man of obscure oi-igin, about250 years before the Christian era, andretained its independence till a.d. 229,

vrhen it became a pro^once of Persia.

part-iin, adv. [part-ior, " to divide"](" By a dividing;" hence) Partly, in

part.

par-tus, tiis, m. [par-io, " to bringforth"] A bringing forth ; a bearing, birth.

par-um, adv. [aldn to parvus] 1.

Too tittle, not enough.—2, Little, not very,

not particularly.

parvus, a, um, atlj. [etym. uncertain]Small, little. KB" Comp. irregular :

mlnor ; Sup. irregular : minimus andminumus.pa-sco, vi, stum, scSre, 3. v. a. 1. To

nourish, maintain, support by food, feed.—2. Of cattle: To feed, pasture, drive to

pasture, etc.—Pass.: pa-scor, stus sum,8ci (In reflexive force) : To graze ; to

browse orfeed upon [akin to Sanscrit rootPA, "to feed"].pas-sus, sus, m. [for pad-sus ; from

pa(n)d-o, " to stretch out"] (" Astretch-ing out " of the feet in walking ; hence)1. A step,pace.—2. A pace, as a measiu'eof length, consisttng of five Ronian feet

:

miUe passus, a thousand paces, a {Roman)mile.

pas-tor, toris, m. [for pasc-tor : fr.

pasc-o] 1, A feeder, maintainer.—2. Afeeder ofcatKe; a herdsman, shepherd.

pat-e-facio, feci, factum, facfire, 3.

V. a. [pat-co ;(e) ; facio] To make or lay

open; to throic open.—Pass. : pat-e-fio,factus sum, fleri.

patefac-tus, ta, tum, part. pei-f. of

pfttefio, through patefac.patSflo, lCri, V. patefacio.

pat-eo, ui, no supine, ere, 2. v. n. Tobe, starid, or lie open [akin to Gr. neT-a.fvvixi, " to extend "].

pa-ter, tris, m. (" The accomplisherof protecting or of nourishing;" hence)A father [akin to Sanscrit root pa, " tonourisli or feed," whence pa-sco ; cf. Gr.TTO-TrJp].

pater-nus, na, num, adj. [pater,pat(e)r-is] 0/, or belonging to, afather,pertaining to a father; on t/iefather's sid&paternal.

pat-lor, passus sum, pS,ti, 3. v. dep.

1. To bear, suffer, endure.—2. To submiito.—3, To permit, allow [akiu to ttoS, rcotof 7ra-<rY<», " to suffer"].

patri-a, a;, f. [patrl-us, " of, or be-longing to, a father"] ("Athing—e. g.country— belonging to one's father;"hence) Fatherland, native country.

patr-Imonium, Imonii, n. [patcr,patr-is] (•' A thing pertaining to thefather ; " hencc) A paternal estafe, prop-erty inheritedfrom a father, patrimony.patr-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a. [pater,

patr-is] 1, To make, or appoint, as pater

;

so, in the phrase, " pater patratus," i. e.

" (he pater appointed," a name given tothe fetialis or priest who ratificd a treatywith religious rites.—2. To bring to pass,execute, perform, achieve, accomplish.—Pass. : pS.tr-or, atus sum, ari.

patr-iius, i,m. [pater,patr-is] (" Onebelonging to a pater ;" hence) A father'3brother, an nncle.

pauci, V. paucus.paucus, a, um, adj. [etym. uncertain]

1. Sing.: a, Small, lHtle, light, trifling.—b. Small_m number^/etp.—2. Plur.: Few,litile. ik^ Comp. plur.: pauc-Iores, etc.;

Sup. plur. : pauc-issimi, etc.

paul-isper, adv. [ paul-us, " verylittle or small "] For a little while, for ashort iime.

Paulus, i, m. [id.] Paulus; a Romacname.pauper, Sris, adj. [etym. uncertain]

Poor, needy. 8®" Comp.-: pauper-Ior;Sup. : pauper-rimus.pax, pacis, f. [=pac-s; fr. root pac,

PAG, whence pa(n)g-o, " to bind or fast-

en "] (" The binding or fastening thing ;"

hence) Peace (concluded beti.N-een partiesat variance, esp. between belligerents).

pec-tus, toris, n. [etym. uncertain]1. The breast-bone, the lJreast. — 2. Thesoul, mind, tinderstanding.

pecii-nia, nia;, f. [for pecud-nia ; fr.

pecus, pecud-is, "cattle"] (" The thingpertaiuing to pecus ;

" hence) 1, Prop-erty, wealth.—2. Money.ped-e-s, itis, m. [for ped-i-ts ; fr. pes,

ped-is; i, root of e-o] 1. One that goes onfoo'.—2. A foot-soldier : plur.: Infantry.

Peligni, orum, m. The Pefigni ; apeople of central Italy, descended fromthe Sabines.

pel-lo, pSpiili, pulsmn, pellere, 3. v. a.

("To cause to go;" hence) Todrive; to

VOCABLLAUV. 131

drwe, Ifirutt, or turn out or airay ; lo txp<}.

—Pas<.: pel-lor, piUsus Euni, pelli.

pSn-§tro, etravi, etratum, etrare, 1.

T. a. [roo'. rE-V, denotiiig the itlea of" entcring," '' theinterior,'' ctc.] (" To in-

sert or ihrust, Into the inside ;" hence) Topierce into ; lo enter, penetrate any thing.pdn-Itns, adv. [root tes, whlch de-

notes the idea of "enterlng," " the in-terior," etc.] 1. From tcithin ; from the

intide.—2. Dceply.—3. Thoroughly, com-pletely, icholly, entirely.

p8r, prep. gov. acc. case. Through[akin to Sanscrit para].

perctis-sor, soris, m. [for percat-sor;from percut-Io, "tostrike"] 1. A slriker,

asiailant, ctc.—2. A murderer, assassin.

perd-Itns. Ita, Itum, part. perf. ofpcrd-or.

perdo, perdldi, perdltum, perdgre, 3.

T. a. 1. To maie away icith, destroy, ruin.—2. To lose.—Pa5s. : perdor, perdltnssum, perdi [perhaps Gr. nep$to, " to de-stroy"].

perdSm-Itns, Ita, Itum, part. perf.

of perdom-or.per-d5mo, ddmiii.dOmltum, dSmare,

1. V. a. [per, " thoroughly ;" domo] 1.

To thoroughly tame.— 2. To thoroughlysubdue, tanquish, oiercome, eonquer.—Pass.: per-d6mor, dOmltus sum, dom-ari.

p8r-So, ivi or li, Itum, ire, v. n.irree.

1. To go Ihrough.—Z, To perish, lose one's

li/e, die : morbo perire, lo perish or die Iry

disease: l.e. lo die a nalural death, andnot to be cut o£E by poison, assassination,

war, etc.—3. To he ruined or undone.

perfec-tns (for perfac-tus), ta, tum.1. Part. perf. of perfic-ior, through trueroot PERFAC.—2. Pa.: Complete, per/ect,

ejrcellent,etc. 1^B~ Comp.: perfect-Ior;

Sup.: perfect-isslmtw.

per-fSro, tSli, latnm, ferre, v. a.

irreg. : 1. To carry through.—2. To bearthroughout, lo carry lo Ihe end.—3. Tosuffer, endure, undergo.—4. To continueto

bear or undergo.—5. To convey, transport.

—Pass.: per-f§ror, latus sum, ferri.

per-flclo, feci, fectum, fTc6re, .S. v. a.

[for per-facio ; fr. per, " thoroughly ;

"

facio] 1. ("To make thoroughly;"hence) : a. To make up, /orm.—b. Tofinish,conclude.—2. ("Todothoroughly

;"

hence) To accomplish, execute, carry out.

—Pass.: per-flclor, fectus sum, flci.

perfId-Ia, fe, f . [perfid-us, " faith-

less"] (" The quality of the perfidus;"hence) Failhlessness, dishonesly, treachery,

falsehood, perfidy.

perfflg-a, se, m. [perfug-io, " to de-

sert"] A deserter to the enemy.Pergimns, i,m; Pergamnm, i,n.

Pergamus or Pergamum (now Bergamo);a city of Mysia, on the Caystrus, theresidence of the Attalian kings, with acelebrated library.

Ser-go. rexi, rectum, gfre, 3. r. a.

n. [for per-rego ; from per, " quite;

"

rcgo, " to mako straiglit"] ("To makequite straight ;" hencc) 1. Act.: To pro-ceed, or »70 on, u^ilh a tliing; lo cnntinue athing, or doing a thing.— 2. Xcut.: Toprvceed; i.e. to go or come.pSri-ctilnm, cOli, a\M pSri-clnm,

cli, n. [pcri-or, " to try "] (" That whichserves for trying;" henoe) 1. A trial,

experiment, proo/, altempt, essay.—2. Jiisk,

hatard, danger, peril.

pSr-Imo, ('mi,emtam,(emptum), Im-

I

Cre, 3. V. a. [for per-emo ; from per, " en-tirely;" emo, " to take"] To lake aieayentirely; to annihilate, utterly desiroy.—Pass.: per-Imor, emtus (emptus) sum,Imi.

per-inde, ailv. [per, " quitc ; " inde]Quile, OTcomplelely,as; in Ihesame manner;just as; equally; in like manner; just so.

pSri-tns, ta, tum, adj. (peri-or, " to

go through ;" " to try"] ("Having gonethrough or tried " a thing ; hence

)

Eiperienced, skil/ul, tceU-skilled. |®"Comp.: pcrit-Ior; Sup. : pSrit-issImus.

per-manSo, mansi, mansum, mSn-ere, 2. v. n. [per, "quite;" maneo] Tostay lo the end, lo hold out, last, continue,

endure, remain ; lo persisl, perserere.

permitt-ens, eutis, part. pres. of per-

mitt-o.

per-mitto, misi, missum, mittere,3. V. a. 1. To let through, suffer lo pastIhrough.—2. To granl, allow, concede, givt

leace, permil.—Fass.: per-mittor, mis-sus sum.jnitti.

permuta-tlo, onis, f. [permut(a)-o," to interchange"] An interchanging, ex-

changing.

pemlc-Ies, lei, f. [for pemec-ies ; fr.

pernec-o, " to kill utteriy "] 1. A killing

or slaying ulierly.—2. Dcstruction, ruin,

overlhrow, calamity, mis/ortune.

pernlcl-6sn3,6sa,6sum,adi.[pemici-es (" Full of peraicies;" hence) Vei-y de-

structive, ruinous, bale/ul, pemicious.830" Comp.: pernlclosior ; Sup.: pemlcl-osisslmus.

Perperna, a;, m. Perpemai thenamc of a Roman consul.

per-pet-iius, Qa, Qum, adj. [per ; rootPET ; whence pat-eo (also Gr. 7reT-a'i'iv^it,

" to eitend ")] (" Extending through ;

"

hence) 1. Conlinuous, unbroken, unin-lerrupted.—2. 0£ duration in time : Con-stant, lasting, perpetual : in perpetuum(sc. tempus). For ever, in perpetuity.

Persae, aram, m. The Persiaus ; theinhabitants of Persia, a celebrateJ king-dom of Asia, which in its ancient state

extended to Media on tlie north, to thePersian Gulf on the south, tc Caramaniaon the east, and to Susiana on the west.

About 5.59 years before the Christian era,

thc Pcrsian empire was founded by Cyrusthe Great, on the rains of the empire ofthe Mcdes, and it soon included in ite

domtnions all the countries betwecn theHellespont and the Indus, and betweenArabia and Pontus. Its glory was.how-

132 VOCABULA.Ur.

ever, but ot sbort duration. About B. c.

331, Alexander tbe Great totally subdualit, and it rcmained for SOO years subject

to tlie power of tbe Greeks nnd 1'arthi-

ans. Persia was again erectod into akingdom, a. d. 229, by Artaxcrxes, acommon soldicr, and continncd an indc-

pendent and extensive empire till aboutA. D. 600, wlien it was finally conqueredby tbe Saracens. Tlie Pcrsians were re-

markable ]5rincipally for tbeir warlikespirit, for tbeir ability to bear the exccs-

sive toils and labours of a military life,

for tbcir love of splendour, and for their

fiuperstition. They worshipped as deities

tlie sun, moon, and stars, and even offeredKacrifices to fire. Persepolis (or, as its

magnifioent r uins are now called, Estakar

,

or Tehelminar) was the capital of theancient empire.pei'sec-utus (persequ-utus), iita,

utuni, pnrt. perf. of persequ-or.

persequ-endus, euda, endum, ger-undive from persequ-or.

per-seqiior, sSoutus and sSquutussum, sequi, 3. v. dep. [per, " thoroughly,"Bequor] 1, Ingoodsense: TofoUowper-sevciiiigli/, to foUow after, to continue io

folloir.—2. In hostile sense : To foUowafter, chase, piirsue.

Perseus, i, m. Perseus; thelast kingof Macedonia, conquered by .SmiliusPaulus.persever-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. n.

[persever-us, " very strict"] To strictly

abide by or adhere to anj-thing; to con-tinue or last ; to persist, perseverc in anything.

PerQsia, se, f . Perusia (now Perugia);

one of the twelve confederate towus ofEtruria.

pe-s, p5d-is, m. (" The going thing ;

"

hence) Afoot [for ped-s; akin to Sanscritroot PAD, "to go"].pestilent-ia, Ife, f. [pestilens, pes-

tilent-is, "pestilential"] ("The qualityof the pestilens;" hence) An infectious,

or contagious,disease; aplague, pest,pest-ilence.

pet-ens, entis, part. pres. of pet-o.

pet-o, ivi or ii, itum, ere, 3. v. a. 1,:

a. To fall upon.—b, To attacl-, assautt,

assait.—2. ( " To fly towards;" hcnce)a. To seei.—b. To demand, ask, require,entreat, desire.—c. To proceed to.—Va&s.:pet-or, Itus sum, i [akiu to Sanscritroot PAT, " to fall," "to fly"].

Petreius, li, m. Petreius ; a lieuten-ant of Pompcy iu the civil war.Phamea, ?e, m. Phamea; a man"s

name.Pharnaces, is, m. Pharnaces; a

kiug of Pontus, son of Mithridates theGreat.

Phaselis, idis, f. Phaselis ; a townof Lycia on the borders of Pamphylia(now Fionda).Philipiii, orum, m. plur. Philippi

(now FiUUh); a to-mi of Jlacedonia.

Phnippus, j,m. Pfiilip; the nameof tbrce kint'3 of Macedon.phllosoiihus, i, m. A philosopher

[,'Ih\6(to4>os, " a philosopher," i.e. " a loverof wisdom '"].

Phcenice, es, f. Phcenice or Phosn-icia ; an ancient country of Asia Minor,on the coast of thc lleditcrranean Sea,near Palcstinc. Its principal cities wereTjTe and Sidon. Its inhabitants -weredistinguished by their industrj', by thoexoellencc ot their manufactures, and bytheir skill in navigation.Phrygia, £e, f. Phrugia; a coantry

of Asia Minor, divided into PhiygiaMajor and Pluwgia Minor.Picen-tes, Uim, v. Picenum.Pic-enum, eni, n. [probably pic-us,

" a woodpecker "] (" A thing pertainingto picus

;

" henoe) Picenum ; a disti-ictin

the eastern part of Italy which producedfruits and oil of exceUent quality (theterritoryotthemodem.d/!co?m).—Hence,Picen-tes, tlum, m. The inhabitants ofPicenum, the Picentes.

Pic-tor, toris, m. [pic-tor, " painter"]Pictor ; a Eomau name.pic-tus (for pig-tus), ta, tum, part.

perf. of pi(n)g-o, through root pig.

pi(n)g-o, pinxi, pictum, pinggre, 3,

V. a. 1. To paiiit.—2. To adorn,decorate,embellish.—Pass.: pi(n)g-or, pictussum,pingi [root pig, akin to Sanscrit rootPiXDSH, " to colour "].

PirsBus, i, m. Piraus; the harbourof Athens, from whioh it was distant be-tween four and five miles, aud was joinedto it by long walls. Cornelius "Neposgives au account ot their being built, inhis Life of Themistooles. It is nowPorto Leone.

pirata, re, m. A corsair, pirate [Gr.TTecpa-njs-, " au attempteror attacker"].piraticus, a, um, adj. Of, or betong-

ing to, a corsair or pirate; piratical [Gr.jreipaTiicds, " piratical"].

piscis, is, m. [etym. uncertain] Afish.

pisc-or, atus sum, ari, 1, v. dep.[pisc-is]. Tofish.

1. plus, a, um, adj. [etym. nncer-tain] 1. Witli reference to religion, thegods, etc: Pious, derouf.—2. Of conducttowards parents,etc.: Affectionate, tender,kind.

2. PIus, Pli, m. [1. pius] Piiis; aEomau name.plac-eo, tli, itum, fre, 2. v. n. [etym.

unoertain] 1. To be pIeasing,to please.—2. Impers. : Placet, placnit, placitumest, It is, etc, resohed tipon ; il is, etc,orclered or deiermined.

placet, V. placeo.

plac-ldus, Ida, Idum, adj. [plac-eo]

("Pleasing;" bcnce) Gentle, calm, mild,peaceful,placid. i^J" Comp.: piacld-lor;

Sup.: ijlacid-issimus.

Plautius, li, m. Plautius; a Eomangeneral who ia the time of the Emperor

VOCABULAKV. 133

Clandius obtalncd a trinmph for his euc-ces-cs In BritAin.

pleb-8, is and (anclently) Ci,f. ("Themultitude or many ;

" hence) The commonprople, loicer orJeri. populace [akin to Gr.xXr)9-of. " multitudc"J.pliirlm-am, adv. [plurim-ns] i/ost,

xery mtich.

plurlinus, a, nm, sup. adj. v. multus.pdSma, iitih, n. A composilion in

xertt, a pcem [Gr. iroiiifxa, "a thingm.ide"].

,>rr,,-,o -n f. (" xhc purifving or ac--'

;

" hencc) Indemnification,salis/aclion, expiation, pun-

: , . j.'.'j/ [akin to Gr. n-oinj ; bothbeiiig uUained from the Sanscrit root pu," to purify "].

Poenl, onim, m. TTie Pami or Cartha-ginians. See Punicns.P51dm-o (-on), onis, m. Polemo; a

kiiig of Pontns. — Hence, P516mon-I&cus, l.^ca, lacnm, adj. 0/, or telong-

Vfj to. Folemo; Polemonian, Polemoniac.pol-lIcSor, llcltus sum, llceri, 2. v.

dep. [for pot-liceor ; fr. inseparablc pre-fix pot, uaed tn intensive force ; liceor," to bid "] (" To bid or offer largely orgreatly ;"hence) Toholdforth,promise,or ofi'- anything.Pometla, ae, f. Pometia ; a very old

town of the Volsci, in Latium, also calledSuessa Pometia (perhaps the modemTorre Pelrara or'Mesa).pompa, se,f. 1. Asolemnprocession,

a pullic procession ot anykind.— 2. Par-tt(le,difpla'j,ostentatwn, pomp [Gr. jro^ijnj,

" a procession "].

Pompeius, Ti, m. Pompeius or Pom-pey ; a Boman name ; especially Pompcysumamed the Great, the Roman trium-vir, and also his two sons Cneius andSextus Pompcius.Pomplllus, li, m. Pompilius ; a

Roman name. See Numa.pond-o, n. indecl. [for pend-o ; £rom

pend-o, " to weigh "] A pound, orpounds,in weight.pond-us, Gris, n. [for pend-us ; fr.

pend-oj (" A weighing tiiing;" hence) A

aeighl.

p5-no, pCieili, pSsItnm, ponf-re, 3. v. a.

[probably for pos-no ; fr. root posj 1. Toput, place, set, lay.—2. To set vp, erect,

build. — 3. To set OT la>j aside.— Pass. :

p6-nor, pOsItns sum, poni.

Pontlcus, a, nm, v. Pontns.Pontlus, li, m. Ponlius; a Eoman

fiame.

Pontus, 1, m. Pontus; a conntry ofAsia Minor, divided into thrce parts

:

viz. Pontus GiUStlcus, Pontus PoICmonl-iVcus, and Pontus Cappaduclus.—Hence,Pont-Icus, Ica, Icum, adj. 0/, or be-

longing to, Pontus; Pontie; Ponticummare, Ihe Pontie sea; i. e. the Euxine orBlaci&a. Itsmodem name isattributefl

to the thick foga in whicb it is frequ'^'^»!

y

er.Teloped.

pd-piiI-U8, 1, m. ("The many;"hencc) 1. A people. — 2. The peoplt:plur. : Peoples; 1. e. na/ionj [probably forpol-iK)I-u.s ; fr. Or. iroA-uy, " mauy ; " r»-duplicatolj.

Porclus, li, m. Porcius; a Bomanname.PorsSna, a;. m. Porsena; a kini? of

Tuscany, who made war npon the llom-ans for the purpose of restoring thoTarqnin famiiy to the throne.por-ta, tae, f. ("The thing passed

through;" hence) 1. A gate. — 2. Anentrance, avenue [probably for per-ta ; fr.

wtp-aui, " to pass through ;" whence

irop-oT, " a way "J.port-Icus, Icfis, f. [port-aj (" A thing

pertaining- to a porta;" hence) ^4 walii

corered by a roof supported on columnt;a colonnade,piazza, arcade,gallery;porch,portico.

por-to, tavi, tatnm, tare, 1. v. a. in-tcns. To hear or carry; to conrey.—Pass.:

por-tor, tatus sum, tari [etym. uncer-tain ; biit probably like fer-o, and Gr.i^«'p-u), akin to Sanscrit root bhm, " tobear ; '' and so, a freqnentative or inten-sive form of fer-oj.

po-sco, pi^posci, no snpine, poscJre, 3.

V. a. [etj-m. uncertain ; but according tosome for pet-sco, fr. pet-oj To ask forurgenlly; to beg, demand, request,desire—po-scor, no perfect, sci.

p6s-Iturus, Itura, Itiirum, part. fnt.

of po-no, through root pos.

p6s-ItU8, Ita, Itum, part. perf. ofpon-o, through root PO.s.

pos-sIdSo, stdi, sessum, sldere, 2. v. a.

[for pot-sedeo ; from pot, inseparableprefix u.^ed in intensive force ; sedeoj(" To continue sitting or tosit much" ina place; hencc) To have and to hold, to

be masler of, to possess.

pos-sum, putQi, no Eupine, posse, v.

irreg. [for pot-snm ; fr. pot-is, " mling,"" able ; " sumj To have porcer, to be able.

post, adv. and prep. [probably con-tracted from pone, " behind ;

" est] 1,Adv. a. Of place : Behind, back, back-tcards.—b. Of time : Aftencards, afler.—2. Prep. gov. acc. a. Of place : Behind,—b. Of tirae : After, since.

post-ga, adv. [probably for post-eam]Of time : Afler this or that, hereafter,

tliereafler, aflertcards.

post6r-i, orum,v. posterus.

posterlor, us, v. posterus.

post-§rus, fra, 6rum, adj. [post] 1.Positive : Coming after, follotcing, next,

ensuing, fulure. — As Subst. : postSrl,oram, m. (sc. homines) Coming genera-tions, descendants, posterity—2. Compar-ative : postSrlor, us, Tlial comes orfollovcs, afier ; nexl in order, time, orplace; lalter, later. — 3. Superlative :

postremus (or postGmus), a, um, a.y/(c hiifiiiiost, the la.ft.—b. }Vhere a thingi.5 lu.it; Ihe end, or last pdrt, of any thing.-Adverbial expressions: postrSmo

134 VOCABULARY.

iCso ad postremum, Al lait,finaUy, in

the last place.

post-hac, adv. A/ter tltis time ; here-

after, henceforth.

Posthumlus, li, m. Posthumius ; aKoman name.post-quam (also written as two

words, post quam), adv. After thaf, after,

as soon as, when.posti'emo, V. postenis.

postremus, a, um, v. posterus.

pot-ens, entis, part. pres. of possum ;

only uscd as adj. 1. Mighty, poxcerful,

polent. — 2. Ahle, capable. I^" Comp. :

p5t€nt-Ior ; Sup. : p6tent-isslmus.

potes-tas, tatis, f. [for potent-tas,from potens, potent-is] (" Xhe quality of

tlie potens ; " lience) Potcer.

pot-ior, Itus sum, iri, 4. v. dep. [pot-

is, " po^verful "J To become pou:erful ocer,

or master of; to take possession of; to get,

acquire, obtain.

poti-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. of poti-or.

pi'ae, prep. gov. abl. case [aldu to pro]Before, in front of.

prse-beo, bui, bltum, bere, 2. v. a.

[contvacted from prce-bibeo ; for prte-

babeo] 1. To holdforth,reachout,proffer,offer.—2. To give, supplri.—3. With per-sonal pron.: To shew one's self.— Pass.:

prae-beor, bitus sum, beri.

prae-cedo, cessi, cessum, cedere, 3.

V. n. To go before, precede.

prae-ciplo, ccpi, ceptum, cTpere, 3. v.

a. and n. [for pros-capio] 1, Act.: To take,

get, or receive before or beforehand.— 2.Neut.: To enjoin,order,direct, bid, com-mand, charge. — Pass. : prse-cipior,ceptus sum, cTpi.

pr£ecipita-tus, ta, tum, part. perf.

of praecipit(a)-or.

praecipit-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a.

[prKceps, pr!ficipit-is, "headlong"] Tothrow, or tast, headlong or head foremost;to precipitate.—Pass. : prseclplt-or , atussiim, ari.

praeclpii-e, adv. [pr.ecipu-us] Especi-

aJiy, chiefly,particularly, peculiarly, prin-cipally.

praeclp-ttus, iia, fium, adj. [prtecip-

io] (" That is taken before other things ;"

hence) 1. Particular,pecuUar, especial.—2. Special, principal, excellent, distingu-

ished, chief.

prseda, £e, f. [etym. uncertaiu] 1.Properiy taken in tcar; booty, spoil,prey,

plunder, pillage— 2. An animat, bird,

etc, taken in the chase, etc.;prey, game.

praefec-tus, ti, m. [for prsefac-tus;

from prKfio-io,through true root pPi-^ac]1. One placcd in office, put in authority,

appointed to direct, etc; an overseer, direc-

tor, president, chief, commander, prefect,

etc.—2. As a title of particular ofiicers,

civil or military : President, commander,prefect.

prae-fero, tiili, latum, ferre, v. a. 1.To bear before, to carry in front.—2. Toplace a person or thing before another in

esteem ; to prefer to.—FasB. : prse-fSror,latus sum, ferri.

prae-flclo, fcci, fectum, flcErc, 3. v.

a. [for prae-facio] To set orplace over anything as oflacer, superintendent, leader,etc. ; to place in authority over, appoint to

the command of. — Pass.: prae-flclor,fectus sum, fTci.

prae-m-Ium, 11, n. [for prse-em-ium;

fr. prse ; em-o, "to talce"] ("A taking,or that wliich is taken, beyond or aboveothcrs ;" hence) A reward, recompense.

Praeneste, is. f. Procneste (now Pale-sirina); a towuof Latium, famed for thebeauty of its roses, for its nuts, and. still

more for its temple of Fortune and theoracle connected 'with it.—Hence, Prae-nestini, Inorum, m. The Proenestines.

Praenestini, orum, v. Prseneste.

prae-pono, pSsiii, pSsItum, pOnere, 3.

v. a. 1. To put or place before, to place

first—2. To set before ot above, to prefer.— Pass. : prae-ponor, pQsitus sum,poni.

pra3-s-ens, entis, adj. [prje ; s-um](" Being before " one ; heuce) 1. Present.—2. J'rompt,powerful, efficacious. I^fComp. : praesent-Ior ; Sup. : preesent-isslmus.

praesid-Ium, fl, n. [preesid-eo, "tosit in frout ;

" hence, " to protect"] (" Aprotecting, guarding," etc. ; hence) 1.Defence, aid, assistance, protection.—2, Agarrison,forces in garrison.

praestant-isslmus, issTma, isslmum,sup. adj. Most excellent. fe^ Pos. :

prKStans ; Comp.: prffistant-ior.

prae-sto, stlti, stltmn and statum,stare, 1. v. n. and a. 1. Neut.: To standhefore or in front.—2. Act.: To give,offer,

render, afford, furnish. — Pass. : prae»stor, stltus sum, stari.

prae-sum, fui, esse, v. n. (" To bebefore a tliiiig or person ;

" hence) To be

set over, to preside or 7-u!e over, io have th(

charge or command of, io superintend.

prse-ter, prep. gov. acc. case [prie;

u-itb demonstrative suflBx ter] 1. Past,

by, hefore, along.—2. Besides, except.

praeter-ea, adv. [for prteter-eam

;

from prarter; is (acc. fem. sing.) eamj1. Bcyond this or that,besides.—2. Besides,

moreover.praetex-tus, ta, tum, adj. [prretex-o,

" to weave in front "] TTorra at thefrontor edge : toga prsetexta, the toga prcetexia,

or edged toga ; i. e. the toga, or outer gar-ment, bordered 'with purplo, wom by thehighcr magistrates and certain priests

at Rome, and, also, by freeborn cliildren

of both seses.

prae-tor, toris, m. [for prcei-tor, frompnee-o, " to go before," through triie rootPRjEi] (" One who goes before;" hence)1. A leader, head, chief, president.—2. Aprcelor; a Eomau magistrate, chargedwith the administration of justice, first

chosen a.u.c. 387 : after thc first Puniowar there were two.

VOCABDLAUY. 133

praetOr-Ius, Ta, lum, atlj. [pneUr]0/, or (ttlonying to, a ynxlor; pralor-ian.

prand-Iom, li, n. [prand-co, " toeat carly in the moming "] (" An eatlngcarly iu the moming ;

" hence) T/iat

trhich u taken earty in the morning ; antarly meal ; a breakfast; ^rhaps luncheon,taken before noon, composed o£ bread,fish, cold mcats, etc.

prav-us, a,um,adj. [etym. uncertain]1. Crooked, not ttraight, distorted. — 2./'ercers^, icicked, vicious, bad. KS"Comp.:prav-Ior ; Snp. : prav-isslmus.prSmo, pressi, prcssum, prCm£re, 3.

V. a. [etym. uncertain] 1. Topress, squee^e.—2. To press doicn.—3. To check, arrest,

ttop.—4. To suppress, reslrain.—5. Tooppress.^6. To depreciate, disparage.—Pas.?. : prSmor, pressus sum, premi.pr§-tlum, tli, n. (" That which bnys

or purchases ;" hence) 1. Money, icealth.

—2. Worth, talue, price in money.—3.Morally : Worth, value, esteem.—4. Pay,hire, wages, reicard : operse pretium, areuardo/ labour,etc.,i.e. a thing worthone's uhile [akin to Gr. Trpi-aa6o.i, " tobuy"].prmi-o, adv. [prim-us] Atfirst, in the

first place, firstly.

prim-tmi, adv. [id.] At first, in the

firsl place, at the beginning.

prl-mns, ma, mum, sup. adj. [for

prae-mus ; fr. piSe ; with superlativeBuflix mus] first. B3" Comp. : prl-or.

prin-cep-8, clpis, adj. [for prim-cap-8 ; from prim-us ; cap-io] (" Takingthe first" place, or " taken the first;"hence) 1. Of time or order: Firsl.— 2.Of rank, position, etc: First, chief, mosteminent, most distinguished.—As Subst.:

princeps, clpis, comm. gen.: a. Achief,head, leader, leadingperson.—b. A prince;a ruler, emperor, etc.

princIp-atTis, atils, m. [princeps,princip-is] (" The state or condition of

princeps ;" hence) 1. A begmning, origin.—2. The first or chief rank or position;pre-eminence.—3. Absolute potcer.

prlor, us, comp. adj. Former; v.

primus.1 . pris-cns, ca, cum, adj. [obaolete

pris, akin to prse, pro] 1. Qf,OT belongingto, former times ; old, olden, ancient,

antique.—2. Former, previous.

2. Priscus, i, ra. [I. priscus] Priscus

;

a cognomec of the first Tarquin.prlus, comp. adv. [adverbial neutcr of

prior] Bcfore, sooner, earlier.

priva-tus, ta, tum, adj. [priv(a)-o,

"tomakeseparate"] Aparlfrom thestate,

peculiar to one's se!f; of, or belonging to,

an imUvidual person ; pritate.

priv-i-gn-us, i, m. [contracted frompriv-i-gen-us ; fr. priv-us, " separate ;

"

(i) ; gen-o=gigno] (" One brought forth,

or begottcn, separatcly;" hence) A slep-

lon.

pro, prep. gov. abl.case. 1. B,fore.—

2. For, on lehaJf of.—Z, In the place of,instead of [Gr. n^o, " before "].

pr5-cedo, cessi, cessum, cfdere, 3.

v. n. [pro, " forth or forward ; " cedo]To go or comeforthorforuard; toadcance,proceed.

pro-consul, consrilij, m. A pro-consul ; one who at the close of his con-sulship in Rome (and soniotimes 'withonthaving becn consul), was made goveraoiof a province, or military commanderunder a govemor.pro-cumbo, cQbQi, ciibltum, cumb-

5rc, 3. v. n. [pro ; cumbo, " to lean "] 1.To lean, or bend forteards.—2. Of suppli-ants, the wounded, etc. : Tofallfoncards,to fall or sink doun, to prostrate one's

self.

pro-duco, duxi, ductum, diieCre, 3.

V. a. To lead, or bring forward or forth.—Pass.: pro-ducor, ductus sum, duci.

produc-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. ofproduc-or.

prcellum, li, n. [etym. uncertain] Acontest, engagement, battle.

profec-tus (for profac-tus), ta, tum,part. perf. of profic-iscor, through truerOOt PROFAC.pr6-fIc-iscor, fectus sum, flcisci,

3. V. dep. inch. [for pro-fac-iscor ; frompro ; fac-io] (" To begin to make one'sself to be forwards ; " hence) To set out,

go, march, travel, depart.

profliiv-lvmi, li, n. [for proflu(g)v-ium ; from proflu-o, " to flow forth,"through root phoflugv] A fioicing forlh

;

afiowing,fiow.pro-gredlor, gressus sum, grSdi, 3.

V. dep. [lor pro-gradior ; from pro," forth or forward ; " gradior, " to stepor go"] To step, or go, forlh or forward;to advance, proceed.

progres-sus (for progred-sus), sa,

sum, part. perf. of progred-ior, throughroot rUOGRED.promis-sue (for promitt-sus), sa,

sum, part. perf . of promitt-or.

promitt-ens, entis, part. pres. ofpromitt-o.

pro-mitto, mTsi, missum, mittCre, 3.

V. a. [pro, " forth;

" mitto, " to let go "]

1. To letgoforth; to send or put out.—2.To hold out the expectation, etc, of athing ; to promise ; to give hope or promiseof. — Pass.: pro-mittor, missus simi,

mitti^

pro-nuntlo, nuntlavi, nuntlatum,nuntlare, 1. v. a. (" To tell or report in

the presence of persons, or publicly;"hence) Tomake publiclyknown ; to pnllish,

proclaim, announce. — Pass. : pro-nun-tlor, nuntliitus sum, nuntlari.

prop-e, adv. [adverbial neut. of ob-solete prop-i.s, "near"] 1. Near, ncar at

hand, nigh.—2. Almost. 83J" Comp.:prop-Ius; Sup.: pro.xlme ( = prop-sIme).

propen-sus, sa, siun, adj. [for pro-pend-sus ; from propend-eo, " to hiangdown"] 1. Jlanging down.—2, Jnclined,

186 VOCABULAUY.

disposed, prone. BST Comp.: propcns-ior; Sup.: propens-issliniis.

pr5prlus, a, um, adj. [etym. uncer-taiu] Not in common icith otluis, oiie's Oicn,

ptojier, ptetiliar, special, particulur.—Asbubst.: proprium, li, n. A property,possession.

prop-ter, adv. and prep. [prop-is (v.

propc) ; adverbial snflSx ter] 1. Adv.:iVear, hard by, close htj, al hand.—2. Prep.gov. acc. case : a. Of place : Ncar.—b.Of cause, etc: On accounl of, btj reuson of,

for, becatise of.

propugna-tor, toris, m. [propugn-(a)-o, "to fight for or on behalf of" aplace, etc.] A defender.

pro-scribo, scripsi, scriptum, scrlb-

ere, 3. V. a. 1. To put forlh in icritina

;

to publish any thing by tcriting.—2. Toproscribe, outlato one, by lianging iip atablet with his name and seutence of

outla->rry, etc. — Pass.: pro-scribor,Ecriptus sum, scrlbi.

pro-sequor, sequiitus cr sSciitus

sum, sequi, 3. v. dep. [pro, '• forwards ;"

sequor] ('• To follow forwards " after aperson, etc; hence) 1, To accompany,altend upon, etc.—2. To pursue, continue,

proceed, or go on tcilh.

prosper-e, adv. [prosijer-us, " suc-

cessful"] Successfully, prospcrouslij. SfW"Comp. : prosper-lus; Sup.: prosper-rime.pro-stltuo, stltiii, stitQtum, stltuere,

3. V. a. [for pro-statuo ; from pro ; statuo,

"to set"] (" To place or set forthopenlyorinpublic;" hence) 1. To expose publicly

to vostitution ; to prostitute.—2. To dis-

honour, sully.—Pass. : pro-Stituor, stlt-

Htus sum, stltui.

pro-svim, fiii, desse, v. n. [pro, " foror on behalf of

;

" sumj (" To be for orcfa behalf of ; " hence) To be useful or ofvse ; to do good, proft, benefit.

pro-traho, traxi, tractum, trahere,

3. V. a. 1. To dratc or drag forth, to

bring forth or out.—2. To lenglhen out

any thing as to time ; to prolong, protract.— Pass. : pro-trahor, tractus sum,tralii.

pi'o-vinc-la, fe [etjnn. nncertain,but usually referred to pro ; vinc-o] Aprorince, i.e. a territory out of Italy,

acquired by the Romans (chiefly by con-quest), and brought under Eomnn gov-emment ; frequently to be rendercd pro-vincial administration , employment, etcprovi-slo, slonis, f. [for provid-sio

;

from provid-eo] 1. A foreseeing, fore-knotcing. — 2. Foresight. providence.— 3.Forethoughi, precaution for a thing.

pro-voco, v5c.T,vi, vocatum, vucare, 1.

V. a. 1. To callforth, call out.—2. To call

forth,call out, challenge, etc—Pass.: pro-vocor, vScatus sum, vocari.

proxlmus (for prop-slmus), a, um,adj. Nearest. ^^ Pos. : obsolete pr5p-is: Comp. : pr5p-Tor.

Prusias, £6, m. Prusias; a liing ofBi'.hynia.

Pseudo-Perseus, i. m. (" Falsc orPretended Perseus") 1'seudo-Perseus; aman wlio gave out that he was the sonof Perseus, kitig of Macedonia.Pseudo-Phnippus, i, m. (" False or

Pretcnded Philip") Pseudo-Philip, 1. c.

Anariscus, who gave out ihat he wasPhilip, the son of Perseus, king of Mace-donia.

Ptolemaeus, i, m. Plolemoeus orPtolemy; the name of the kings of Egyptafter Alexander the Great [IlToAe^aiQ!," Warlike "].

Ptolemais, Idls, f . Ptolemais ; a city

of the Cyrenaica, in Lib}'a.

public-e, adv. [public-us] Puhlicly,

in public.

Publ-I-col-a, fe,m. [for Popl-i-col-a ;

from popl-us = popul-us, " tho people ;

"

(i) ; c51-o, "to honour "] (" One honour-ing the people," or " treating the peoplewith respect") Poplicola; a cognomen of

P. Valerius and his descendants.

publ-lcus, Ica, Icum, adj. [for popl-

icus ; frora popl-us = populus] (" Pertain-ing to populus ; " hence) Of, or belonging

to, the people, state, or community ; that is

donefor the sake or at the expense ofthestate

;

public, common.—As Subst. : publlcum,i, n. The public street.

Publlus, li, m. Publius; a Eomanname.pudic-itia, Itlje, f . [pudic-us, " shame-

faced "] (" The quality of the pudicus ;

"

hence) Shatnefacedness, modesty, ckastity,

virtue.

piid-icus, ica, Icum, adj. [pud-eo, "tobeashamed"] Shamefaced,bashful , modest,

chaste, virtuous. IS^" Comp.: piidlc-ior

;

Sup. : piid!c-i&slmus.

pQer-ilis, ile, adj. [puer, "a boy"](" Of, or belonging to, a puer :" hence)1. Boyish, childish, youlhful.—2. Boyish,childish.puerile, trivial,silly. SgS" Comp.:pueril-Ior.

pug-na, nze, f. [pug, root of pu(n)g-o, "to stab or thrust"] ("The stabbingor thrusting thing;"- hence) A fight,

coinbat, battle, action, engageinent.

pugna-ns, ntis, part. pres. of pugn-(a)-o.

pugna-tor, toris, m. [pugn(a)-o] Afig/iter, combatant.

pugn-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. n.

[pugn-a] To fight eitlier siugly or iuarmies; io give battle, engage, contend,

combat. — Impers. Pass. : 1. pugna-batur, It vas being fought, i.e. baltles

tcere being .fotight.—2. pugnatum est,It tcasfought. i.e. a battle uas.fought.

Pulcher, chri, m. [pulclier, " beau-tiful"] Pulcher; a Eoman name.pul-sus, sa, sum, part. perf. of pel-

lor, through root pul.Pulvillus, i, m. [pulvillus, " a little

cushion"] Pulrillus; a Eoman n.ime.

Pun-icus, lca, Icum, adj. [Pun-i =Pa'n-i] Of,orbelongingto,thePuni; Car-thaginian] Punic. Bcllum Purucum, The

VOCAUCLARY. 137

Ptinie or Carthayinian War, i. e. the warwith Lhe Canhapnians. This pcoplehad also thc na:i:c of Poeni and Puni, acorruijtion of rhctnices; the originalscttlers of Carlhage haring come fromTjre and Phanicia about B.C. 878. Thcfirst Cartha^nian war began B.c. 2G4,

and was concluded b.C. 2-Jl. The sccondbegan b.C. 218, and tcrminated b.c. 201.

And b.C. 146, after a fiepe of three vears,

Carthage, the rival of Rome, \ras tokenby Scipio Africanus the yonnger ; andeven its very walls were demolished.pun»lo (paen-), 5vi or li, itum, ire, 4.

y. a. [pixn-aj To injtiet punishment upon,topuniih.—Pass.: pun-Ior, itus sum,Iri.pur-go, gavi, gatum, gare, 1. v. a.

[pv.r-n?j 1. To clean, cleanse,mate cUan.—2. To purify.—3. Tc clear oxfnefrom.—Pass. : ptir-gor, gatus snm, gari.

pGt-o, Svi, 4tum, are, 1. v. a. [put-us," c'.ean," etc.] (" To msike clean," etc.

;

hence) 1. Of trees: To prune, trim, lop.

—2. Mentally : a. To clear up, arrannc,etc.—b. Tothink, deem,suppose, conjectur:,

believe.—P.i-?. : pQt-or, atus sum, ari.

Pylaemenes, is, m. Piilcemenes ; aPaplilagonian monarch, an aily and friendof the Roman.T.Pyrenaeus, i, m. The Pyrencean chain

of mountjins, the Purenees; a long moun-tain range separating Francefrom Spain,and cxtcndir.g from the ilediterraneanto the Atlar.tic.

Pyrrlius, i, m. Pyrrhus; a king of

Epirus. After a life solely occupied inthe pursuits of war and ambition, this

celebrated monarch was killed by a tile

which was thrown from a house, as hewas endeavouring to take the city of

Argos by assault. [Gr. IIvppo!, " Red."]

quadrag-eslmus, a, um, num. adj.

[contracted from quadragint-esimus ; fr.

quadragint-a, " forty"] Fortieth.

quadrlenn-Ium, li, n. [quadrienn-is,"pertaining to four years"] ("A thingpertaining to qnadriennis ;

" hence) Aspace, or term, offour years.

quadringent-eslmtis, esTma, eslm-

nm, num. adi. [from quadringent-i,"four hundred"] The four-hundredth.quadr-i-n-gent-i, ae, a, num. adj.

[contr. and changed from quatuor-i-n-cent-i ; from quatuor ; (i) ; (n) ; cent-

um] Four hundred.quadringent-Ies, adv. [qnadrin-

gent-i] Four hundred times.

quaer-o, quassivi or quaesli, qtuesTtum,quaerC-re, .3. v. a. [root qvjes, or qujer]1, To seek.—2. To seek to leam from anyone ; to ask, inquire, etc.—Pass. : quser-or, qua:-s:tus sum, quaeri.

quaes-tor, tOris, m. [quser-o, throughroot QUi-] (" A seeker

;

" hence) A quoes-

lcr; the title of a class of Roman magis-trates, some of whom conducted certaineriminal triaU (bnt only, it would seem,

as delegates or commissioners ol tbepeople) ; somo took chargo of the trea-

sury, of thepublic revenues and expendi-tures, of the standards deposited in thererarium, etc. ; and some were appointedas assistants to the consuls or prKtorsforthe provinces.

qua-Us, le, pron. adj. Of vhat sort,

kind, or valure; tchat sort of, etc. [akinto Sanscrit ta-s, " who ? "].

qnam, adv. [adrerbial acc. fem. ofquis] 1. In, OT after,uhat manner; hoic,

hoK much, as much as.—2. As a corre-

lative to tam : As.—3. After comparativeadjectives, or words involving the idea of

comparison (alius, aliter, etc.) Than.—4. Withdesignationsof time : After,afterthat.

quam-quam (quan-quam), adv.Though, allhouijh, albeit.

quanquam, v. quamqnam.quant-um, adv. [qoant-us] So much

as, as much as, asfar as.

qua-ntus, nta, ntum, adj. [akin to

qua-Iis] IIou: much, how greaf.

qua-re, adv. [abl. fem. of quis ; abl.

of res] 1 . From ichat cause t on tchal

accountf tchereforet uhyt—2. FromKhatcause or reason ; tcherefore, ichy.—3. Fortchich reason, tiherefore.

quart-0, adv. [quart-ns] For the

fourth time, thefourth time.

quar-tus, a, um, num. ord. adj. [con-tracte'1 from quatuor-tus] Thefourth.qua-si, conj. [for quam-si] As if, at

though,just as if, as i( tiere.

qua-tenus, adv. [qua, abl. fem. ofquis; tenus, " up to"] 1. Until tchere,

how far. - 2. Ilotc far, as far as. — 3.Seeing that, since, as.

quater, num. adv. [akin to San.^crit

katur, "four times;" andLatin quatuor]Four times.

quater-ni, nae, na, num. distrib. adi.

[either from quater ; or contracted fromquatuor-ni] Four each, hy fours, four at

a time.

quatuor (quatt-), nnm. adj. indccl.

[akin to Sanscrit katv^ras, Gr. riaaap-i^,T€'Tra.5-e5, " four"] Four.qnatuor-decim (quattnor-), num.

adj. indecl. [for quatuor-decem] Fourleen.que, conj. And.—Qae . . . que, Iloth

. . . and [Gr. T«, "and"].quer-or, questus sum, queri, 3. v. dep.

To coinplain, lament, heicail [root QUEUor QtTE.^:, akin to Sanscrit root grwAS, " todraw a breath," "fetch a sigh"].ques-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. of

quer-or, through root QUE.S.

qui, qiUE, quod (gen. cujus ; dat. cui),pron. rel. 1. Who, vchich.—2. = qualis:

Of tchat sort or kind.—3. At the begin-ning oi a clauie, instead of a demonstra-tive pronoun and conjunction : And this.—4. To denote a cause or reason : Be-cause, since.

qul-a, conj. [adverbial old acc. plnr.of qui] ISecause.

138 VOCABULAKY.

qfii-cvunque, quse-cumque, quod-

cumque (gen. : cOjus-cmnque ; dat. : cui-

cumque), pron. rel. Whoever, everyone

tc/io, everything that.

qtu-dam, quse-dam, quod-dam or

quid-dam (gen. : cujus-dam ; dat. : cui-

dam), pron. indef. A cerlain person or

ihing.

quldem, conj. [etym. uncertain] In-

deed, trulu.

quin-decim, num. adj. indecl. [for

quinqu-decem ; from quinqu-e ; decem]Fi/teen.

quingent-esimus, eslma, Jsimum,num. adj. [from quingent-i] The five

hundredth.quiu-gent-i, nre, na, num. adj. [for

quinqu-cent-i ; from quinqu-e ; ceut-um]Five hundred.qui-ni, nas, na, num. distrib. atli. [for

quinqu-ni ; from quinqu-e] Five each.

quinquag-esrmus, tsima, eslmum,nmn. adj. [contracted from quinquag-int-eslmu3, from quinquagint-a] The

fiftieth.

quinqu-a-ginta, num. adj. indecl.

[quinqu-e ; (a);

ginta = KovTa = ten](" Five tens ;" bence) Fifty.

quinque, num. adj. indecl.^TreVTe.

Five.

Quintius, li, m. Quiniius; a Romanname.quint-o, adv. [quint-us] For the fifth

time.

1. quin-tus, ta, tum, num. adj. [for

quinqu-tus ; from quinqu-e] Thefifth.

2. Quintus,i,m. [l.quintus] Quintus;

a Eoman uame.qui-ppe, conj. [qui, abl. of relative

pronouB qui; suflfix ppe=pte] (" Fromwhich verj- thing ;" hence) l.Surely, cer-

tainly.—2. Quippe quum, Inasjnuch as.

Quli-in-alis, ale, adj. [Quuin-us," Quirinus

;" a name assigued to Rom-

ulus] 0/, or lelonging to, Qnirinus

;

Quirinal; mons, the Quirinal mountain or

simply t?ie Quirinal (uow i/onie Cavallo);

one of the seven hills of Rome.quis-quam, quoe-quam, quic-quam

or quid-quam (gen.: cujus-quam; dat.:

cui-quam), pron. indef. Any person or

thing.quo, adv. [for qu6-m, old form of

que-m, acc. of qui] 1. Ai what place,

tchere.—2. To or inuchatplace; whither.—3. For ichich reason, icherefore, ichence.

— 4, To xthat end, for ichat purpose,

tcherefore?—5. To the end that, in orderihat.

quod,'conj. [acc.neut. of qui] 1. Thal,

in that.—2. Though, although, albeit, even

if. — 3. Since, since that, because. — 4.'Whereas.

quon-dam, adv. [for quom-dam ; fr.

quom, old form of quem, acc. of qui

;

with suffix, dam] At a certain tinu; at

one time, cnce upon a time, formeriy.quoque, conj. Also, too.

quo-usque, adv. [for quom-usque;

from quom, old form of quem ; usqiie," until "] (" UntLl oras for that which ;

"

hence) Of time : 1'ntil "hal time, lill uhen,how long.

quum (cum), adv. and conj. [for

quom, old form of quem, acc. of qui]1, Adv.: }Yhen.—2. Conj.: As, since, see-

ing that.

Raet-ia, lae, f. [Riet-i, "The Eaeti;"a mountain-people to the north of thePo] The country of the liceti ; Rcetia, acountry on the north of Italy, betweenthe Alps and the Danube, divided into

EKtia Prima and Eoetia Secunda. It

included within its boundaries the presentterritory of the Grisons, Tyrol, and apart of Italy.

rap-Io, "lii, tum, grc, 3. v. a. 1. Toscize and carry cff; tosnatch aicay.—2. Toseize and carry off by force or icith violence

;

to rob, plunder, steal.—Pass. : rap-Ior,tus siun, i.

rap-tus, ta,tiun,part. perf. of rapior.

re or red, an inseparable particle.

Back, again.

Rea, ae, f. Rea; sumamed Silvia ;

the daughter of Numitor, and mother of

Eonmlus and Remus.rebella-ns, ntis, part. pres. of re-

belI(a)-o.

re-bello, bellavi, bellattmi, bellare,

1. V. n. 1. To icage tcar again, to renewicar.—2. To make an insurrection ; to re-

volt, rebel.

reced-ens, entis, pait. pres. of re-

ced-o.

re-cedo, cessi, cessum, cedere, 3. v.n.

To go back, fall back, give ground, retire,

tcithdraw, recede.— Impers. Pass. : im-perfect subjimctive : recederetur, li

should be departed.

recep-tus (for recap-tus), ta, tum,part. perf. of recip-ior, through true rootRECAI'.

re-cipio, cepi, ceptum, cipere, 3. v. a.

[for re-capio ; fr. re, "' again ;" capio] 1.

To take again; io receive back, get again:recipere se, or recipere se retro, to be-

take ones self back again, to icithdraw.—2. To retake, recover. — 3. To receive,

admit.—Pass. : re-cipior, ceptus sum,cipi.

re-cognosco, cognovi, cognitum,coguoscere, 3. v. a. To know again, recol-

Uct, recal to mind, recognise.—Pass. : re«cognoscor, cognltus sum, cognosci.

re-coi'd-or, atus sima, ari, 1. v. dep.[re ; cor, cord-is, " tne heart"] (" Tobring again from the heart ;

" hence) Tothink over, bethink one^s self of, be mindfulof a thing ; to call to mind, remember,recollect.

rect-rmi, adv. [rect-us, "straigbt"]Slraightly, straight forward.redd-itus, ita, itum, part. perf. of

redd-or.

red-do, didi, dltum, d6re, 3. T. ai

VOCAUULARY. 139

[roa=re, "backagain;" do, "to put"]1. To put l><ict; to relurn, reitore, repUice.

—2. To gire up,hand orer,delicer.—3. TonMle or diutf io be; lo render.—Fass,:

red-dor, UUus sum, di.

rSd-6o, ivi or li, Itum, Ire, v. n. Togo or come baci; to rclurn.

rSdl-ens, retie-untis, part. pres. of

rede-o, through true root iiedi.

rSd-IgO, Cgi, actum, IgCre, 3. v. a.

[for rcd-ago] 1. To drice, lead, or brinj

bact.—2. To brinij withln a certain etate

or coudition ; to reJuce.—Pass. : red-I^r, actus smu, Igi.

rSdlm-endus, enda, endum, gerunJ-ive of redimo.rSd-Imo, C-mi, emptum, ImCre, 3. v. a.

[for red-eino, fr. red ; emo, " to buy *'] 1.

To bwj back, repurchase.—2. To ransom,release, redeem a prisoner, slavc, etc.

—

Pass.: rSd-Imor, emptus sum, Imi.

rS-duco, daxi, ductum.ductre, 3. v. a.

To lead or bring Vack; to conduct baci.—Pafis.: rS-ducor, ductus sum, dQci.

rSduc-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. of

reduc-or.

rS-fSro, ri-tiili (rettuli), rGlatum, rc-

ferre, v. a. irreg-. 1. To bear, carnj, orcarrti back.—2. To countoT reckon.—Pass.;

re-fSror, latus sum, ferri.

rS-fQfflo, fugi, fOgltum, fOgSre, 3. v.

n. To flee Oack ; lo run aicatj, jtee, escape.

rSg-ens, entis, part. pres. of reg-o.

reg-ina, Inae, f. [reg-o] (" The rulingone ; hence) A qilien.

rSg-Io, ouis, f. [reg-o, " to direct "]("A directing;" hence) 1. A direction,

line.—2. A porlion o/ country of indefinite

eitent ; o territort/, prorince, district,

region : plur.: Lands, territories.

reg-lus, la, lum, adj. [rex, reg-is]

Of, or belonging to, a king ; kingly, royal,

regal.

regna-ns, ntis, part. pres. of regn(a)-o.

reg;na-tum est, impers. pass. verbcf perf. tense, froni regn(a)-o. It iras

reigiied ; i.e. kings reigned or royal pouericas exercised.

regn-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. n. [regn-

um] ("To have a regnum;" hence) 1.

To be lord or socereign ; to rule, govern.—2. To liave royal poicer; toreign.

reg-num, ni, n. [reg-o] (" Tliat whichrules ;" hcnce) A kingdom.rSg-o, rexi, rectum, rCgCre, 3. v. a.

To rule, gorern, sway.—Pass. : rSg-or,rectus sum, rCgi [akin to Sanscrit rootpAnsiin, " to shine ;" also, " to ruie"].

regrSdl-ens, entis, pres. part. of re-

gredi-or.

r6-grSdIor, gressus sum, grC-di, 3. v.

dep. [for re-gradior, from re ;gradior,

"to Etep"] To go, 01 come,baci; to tumback, return.

rfigres-sus (for regred-sus), ea, sum,part. perf . of regred-ior.

RSgQlns, i, m. [regulus, " a little orpettyking"] liegulus ; aHomeLn consnlwho was vanquished and taken prisoner

by thc Carthagiuiana. Hia story suppliesa nublc instancc of patriotic heroism , and,at tho samo timo, a melancholy proof oftho dcadly pas-^iions of human nature,evcn in a refinod state of civilisation,

such as the Carthaginians had attained,when not curbed by religiou. Eeguluawould not havc his country lose its dcarlybought advantages by regard for him.The Carthaginians, irritateJ at the re-

fus.ol of peace, more especially as tliis

was tlirough the pcr.^nasion of Regulus,taxed their ingonuity to devise the mostexcruciating aud protracted torments for

their luckless prisoner. According to theaccounts which have come down to us,

they first placed him in a barrel, stuckfull of sharp razors and pointed ironspikcs ; they then cut off his eyc-lids,

and left him to endure the agonies con-sequent upon being exposcd, in tiiis

wretcheJ coudition, to the terrific heatof an African sun. In this state he re-

maiued for sevcral days, in the mostexcruciating torture, till death at lengthrelieve<.i liim from his tormentors andtlieir tormcnts.rSlic-tus (for rcliqu-tus), ta, tum,

part. pcrf. of reIi(n)qu-or.

rSlinqu-ens, entis, part. pres. of re-

linqu-o.

rS-linquo, liqui, lictum, linquSre, 3.

V. a. [re, " back or belaind;" linquo] 1.

To leave behind.—2. l'o leave, go aicay

from.— 3. To abandon, forsake.— Pass.

:

rS-linquor, lictus sum, linqui.

rellqu-Ise, larum, f. [reIi(n)qu-o] Theleavings; the remains, relics, residue.

rSlIqu-\l8,a,um,adj. [id.] Leftbehind,remaining.rS - mando, mandavi, mandatum,

mandare, 1. v. a. To send lack irord,

tonotify in return.—Pass.: re-mandor,maudatus sum, mandari : Impers. indic.

perf.:remandatumest, Wordwassentback.

rS-maneo, mansi, no supine, miinere,2. V. n. 1. To stay or remain behind.—2.To stay, remain, continue, ahide, endure.

i-S-mitto, misi, missum, mittCre, 3.

V. a. T(j send back.—Pass.: re-mittor,missus sum, mitti.

rS-m6vSo, mOvi, motum, mijvCre, 2.

V. a. To move or draw back; to take aicay,

sel aside, tcilhdraw, remove.—Pass. : rS-mSvSor, motus sum, m6veri.

1. re-mus, i,m. [probably forret-mus;from root epts or eper, whence cpeV-ira),

eper-Moi'] (" The rowing tliiug ; " hence)An oar.

2. RSmus, i, m. Remus; the twin-brother of Romulus.rS-n6vo, nOvavi, nijvatum, n5vire,

1. V. a. To renetc, restorc.—Pass. : rS-nQvor, nuvatus sum, nuvari.

rS-nuntlo, nuntlavi, nuntlatum,nuntlare, 1. v. a. To bring or carry backicord; to report, announce. — Pass.: rS-nuntlor, nuntlatus sum, nuntlari.

140 VOCABULART.

rSpSra-tus, ta, tum, part. pcrf. of

repar(a)-or.

re-paro, piravi, p5ratum, parare, 1.

V. a. To get, acquire, or procure agam

;

to recover, retrieve; to restore, repair, re-

ficw.—Pass. : re-paror, paratus sum,pJlraxi.

rg-perlo, pfri, pcrtum, pt-riro, 4. v. a.

[for re-pario ; fr. rc, "again;" pario,

"to produce"] ("To produce again;"hencc) 1. Tofind, meet xvilh.—2. To findoiit, discover.—Va.ss. : re-perlor, pertus

sum, periri.

reper-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. of

repcr-ior.

repet-ens, entis, part . pres. of rcpet-o.

repet-itus, ita, itum, part. perf. of

repet-or.

re-peto, petivl and pctii, petitum,pttgre, 3. V. a. [re, " back ;

" pcto] 1. Tofetch, bring,OT takeback.—2. Toseekagain.—3. To demandback.—Vasi.: re-petor,pfjtitus sum, peti.

re-pono, posQi, p5situm, puncre, 3.

V. a. To lay, place, put, or set hack again ;

i. e. to lcty, place, put, or set a tliing hackin xts former place; to replace, restore,

etc. — Pass. : re-p6nor, posltus sum,poni.

re-porto, portavi, portatum, port.are,

]. V. a. To hear, currii, or hrijig hack.— Pass. : re-portor, portatus sum,portari.

i'e-preliendo, prchendi, prCliensnm,prehendgre ; also, re-prendo, prcndi,prcnsum, preudere, 3. v. a. [re, " again ;

"

prehendo or prendo] 1, To lay hoM ofagain; io catch, seize, or take again.— 2.To blame.—Pass. : re-prehendor, pre-

hensus sum, prC-hendi ; or re-prendor,prensus sum, prendi.

repiidla-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. of

repudi(a)-or.

repiidI-0, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a.

[repudi-um, " a casting off or divorce"]1 . To cast off, put aicay, divorce, repudiaie.— 2. To reject, refuse; to scorn, disdain,

repudiate.—Pass.: rSpudl-or, atus sum,ari.

re-s, rei, f. (" That which is spokenof;" hence) 1. A thing, circumstance,matter. — 2. Property, possessions. — 3.Pliu:.: Poicer,might. [Gr. pe-io," tosay."]re-spondeo, spondi,sponsum, spond-

ere, 2. v. a. 1. To promise a thing in

return for sometliing else ; to offer orpresent in return.— 2. To ansicer,repJy,respond.— Pass. : re-spondeor, spon-Eus sum, sponderi.—Impers. indic. perf.

:

responsum est, It was ansicered, a re-

ply was made.respon-sum, si, n. [for respond-sum

;

fr. rcspond-eo] An ansicer.

res-publica, rei - publiccB, f. Tlie

commomrealth, state, repubHc.re-stitQo, stitiii, stltiitum, stituere,

3. V. a. [for re-statuo ; fr. re; statuo," to set up"] 1, To put or set up again ;

to replace.—2. To give back, deliver iip.

return,restore.—Pass. : re-stltQor, stltfl-

tus sum, stittii.

re-sumo, sumpsi, sumptum, sumSre,3. V. a. To take vp again, take back, re-

sume.—Fass.: re-stimor, sumptus sum,siimi.

rete, is, n. [etym. uncertain] A net.

re-tlneo, tlniii, teutum, tlnere, 2. v.

a, [for re-teneo; fr. re, " back;" teneo]

1. To hold back.— 2. To detain.— ^Pasa.:

re-tlneor, tentus sum, tlneri.

re-tro, adv. [rc, " b.ack"] Back,hack-tcards.

re-us, i, m. [re-s] ("One bolongingorpertaining to res

;" hence) 1 , A party to

an action (rcs), «•hether plaintifE ordefendant. — 2. One vho is accused orarraigned; a defendant,prisoner,criminal,culprit.

reverent-la, te, f. [reverens, rcver-ent-is, " reverencing"] (" The quality ofthc revcrens ;

" hence) Timidily arisingfrom high respect or (more rarely) fromfear ; respect, regard,fear, awe, reverence.

revert-ens, entis, part. pres. ofrevcrt-or.

re-vertor, versus sum, verti, 3. v.

dep. [re; vert»r, " to turn one's self"']

To turn hack, return.

re-v6co, vocavi, vocatum, vScare, 1.

V. a. To call back, rccal. — Pass.: re-vocor, vocatus sum, v6cari.

rex, regis, m. [ for reg-s ; fr. reg-o ]

("He who rules;" hence) A king.

Rhenus, i, m. The Rhenus (nowthe Rhine) ; one of tlie largest rivers ofEurope, dividing France from (Jermany.Rhodanus, i, m. The Rhodanus

(now the Rhone); a river of Gaiil [prob.Northern -n-ord = The Bwift-passing orswLft-flowing].

Rhodii, orum, v. Rhodus.Rhodopa, as, f . Rhodopa ; a province

in Tlirace.

Rhodus, i, f . Rhodus; an island onthe coast of Asia Minor. celebrated forits Colossus, its school of Ehetoric, andthe skill of its peoi:)le in navigation (nowRhodes).— Hence, Rhod-li, loriun, m.The people of Rhodes, the Rhodians. [Gr.'PdSo9 ; so, probably, " a thing withroses

;

" i. e. here " Kose-island."]

ripa, se, f. [etj-m. uncertain] A hankof a stream.rog-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a. [etym.

uncertain] To ask.—Pass.: rog-or, acusEum, aiT.

Roma, Ee, f . Rome.— Hence, Rom-anus, ana, anum, adj. Of, or helongingto, Rome; Roman.Rom-ulus, Cli, m. Romulus; the

reputed son of Mars and Rea SUvia, andthe eldor twin-brother of Remus. Thehistory connccted n-ith the birth of

Eomuius and his brother is a sad one.Nimiitor, the kingof Latium^was drivenfrom his throne by his brother Amulias,wlio murderecl the deposed monarch'3sons, rnd compelled his only daughter,

V0CAI5LLAUV. 141

UcA Silvia, to become a Vestal virgin, in

the espectation tliat, by lliese stcps, nonowonld be born to attempt the rccoveryof the crown, and to avciiKe the injurics

done to Xumitor. Uon Silvia, howevcr,gnve birth to malo twins, whosc fatlier

she alleged to bc tlie god Jinrs, in thchopc, doubtless, that, by so doing, bercrime would bo overlooked by a supcr-stitious ix»ple. This, howevor, was nottho ca«e. She waa burieU alive; wUilethe king ordered hcr two infant boys to

bc thrown into tho Tiber. Tlie pcrsons,to whom wns intrusted tho e.xecution of

this inhuman command, placcd the new-bom infants in a basket, which theycommittcd to the river. It happencd,howcver, that the river lind then over-

flowed its bnnks, so tliat the baskct couldnot bo placed in tlie course of thc cur-rent; and, therefore, wlien the watersretired, it was left on the ground. Ac-cording to the common account, a wolf,hearing their cries, came to them, and,instcad of devouring them, gave thcmEuck. AVhile at the breast of tliis strangenurse, they were Uiscovered by Faust-ulus, the liing"8 slicpherd, who carriedtliom home, and brought them up as liis

own children. \Vlien thcy bad attainedthe age nf eighteen years, they frequentlyput thcmselves at the head of a band of

freebooters, and plundered the surround-ing country. In one of these maraudingc.\cur=ions RemuS" was made prisoner.

The usurping monarch, before whom hewas carried, leaming that he had dcvast-nted the property of Xumitor, orderedhim to be given up to tliat prince for

punishment. Hereupon, Faustulus, see-

ing his foster-child in daiiger, discovcredto Xumitor the secret of his finding him

;

and suggested, that, from comparing thetime and circumstances, it might be con-cluded that it was his daughter^s son,

who stood before him. The result wasthe conviction in Numitor's mind thatsuch was really the case ; and a plot wasformed, which ended in the destmctionof Amulius, and the restoration of his

deposed brother.

rostr-atus, ata, atum.adj. [rostr-um]("Provided with a rostrum;" hence)Having a heak, hook, or crooked point;beaked, curved at the end, rostrated.

ros-trum, tri, n. [forrod-trum ; fromrod-o, " to gnaw"] 1. The hill, heak,snout, muzzle, mouth of animals.—2. 77it>

curved end o/a ship's prow; a ship's hcak.— 3. Plur.: ITie liostra; i. e. " Beaks," aname applied to the raised platform inthe Foruin, from wiiich the orators ad-dresscd tho people. It took its origiufrom tho Rostra, or bcaks of thc ships,

which wero affixed to it, cppecially of

those taken from thc ships of theAntiates.

Rufinus, i, m. Kujinus; a RomanDaixe.

Rufus, i, m. [mfus, " red, rcd-Iiaired"] Jlu/us; a Roman name.ru(m)p-o, rQpi, mptum, runipire, 3.

V. n. 1. Totear, hreak, burst, rcn(l.—2.To dcslroi/, violate, etc.—Pass.: ru(m)p-or, ruptus sum, rumpi [root rup, akiuto Sanscrit root HIP, " to rend ''].

rup-tus, tn, tum, part. perf. ofru(m)p-cr, through root nup.rm-sum or rursus, adv. [contracted

from revorsum, revorsus, " turned back"]1. Turned backwards; hack, backicards.—2. Again.rursus, v. rursum.Rutillus, li, m. RutiHus; a Roman

name.

Sab-Ini, Inorum, m. [Sab-us ;" S<io.

ns," an ancient mythic Italian deity](" Those belonging to Sabus;" hcnce)The Habini or Sahines; nu ancient Italianpcople adjoining the Latins, a part ofwhom, n.-i; e.irly as the time of Romulus,v.-cre united with the Romaus as onepeople, under the name of Quirites.

—

Hcnce, Sabin-us, a, um, adj. Sabine.1. Sablnus, a, um, atlj. v. Sabini.

2. Sabinus, i, m. Sabiiius; a Romanname.sac-er, ra, rum, adj. [root sac, akin

to (Jr. ay, whence ay-105, " sacred, holy "]

Sacred,holy, dedicated to a divinity.— AsSubst.: sacrum, i, n. 1. A sacred thing.— 2. A sacred building, a temple.— 3. Asacri/ice. 8S" Comp. : sacr-Ior ; Sup.

:

sJicer-rlmus.

eacrum, i, v. sacer.

saep-e, adv. [obsolete sajp-is, " thathappens often, frequont"] 0/tentimes,

o/ten, /requently. |^"Comp.: ssp-Ius;Sup. : spep-isslme.

ssev-Io, Ivi or li, Itum, Ire, 4. v. n.

[s£Ev-us, " fierce, savage "] 1, To hefierce

01 /urious.— 2. To he cruel.

saev-Itla, Itl«,f. [id.] (" Tho qualityof the sajviis;" hence) 1. Of animals:A raging, rage, /ierceness, /erocihj.— 2,Of any violent, passionate excitement

:

Fierceness, violence, harshness, savageness,

cruelty, harharity, severity, etc.

sagitta, a;, f. [etym. uncertain] Anarrow.sagitt-arlus, arla, arlum , adj . [sagitt-

a] 0/, or belonging to, an arrow ; arrow-.— As Subst.: sagittarlus, U, m. Anarcher, bowman.Saguntini, orum, v. Saguntum.Saguntum, i, n. Saguntum (now

Murvicdro) ; a town of Hispania Tarra-conensis, on the Mediterranean, beyondthe Iberus, the besieging and rcductionof which by Hannibal led to tiie brcakingout of the second Punic war.— Henco,SSgant-Inus, Ina, inum, adj. 0/, orhelonging to, Saguntum; Snguntine.—AsSubst. : sagunt-ini, Inorum, m. (sc.

cives) The Saguntines.

S£I-arIus, arla, arlum, adj. [sal,

142 VOCABULA.RY.

"salt"] 0/, or helonging lo, sali.— Asproper natne, SaJarian : Via Salaria, Tfie

Salarian Wap or Jioad; a road leading

from Rome to the Sabine country. It

was so callpd becausc salt (sal) was con-

ve.ved into Rome by tliis route.

Salassi, orum, m. 'J7ie Salassi ; apeople of Cis.alpine Gaul, inhabiting that

part of Italy now called ]'al cVAosta.

Salentini, orum, m. The Salenlini

or Sallentines; a people of Calabria, in

the south-eastern extremity of Italy.—Hence, 1. Sallent-inus, Ina, Inum,adj. 0/, or belonging to, t/ie Sallenlines;

Sa!lent'ine.—2. Salent-arlus, aria, ari-

um, adj. 0/, or belonging to, tke Salent-

i?ies; Satentarian.

Saliuator, oris, m. [salinator, " salt-

pits worlvcr"] Salinator; aHomanname.Salonae, .T,rum,f. Salonae; amaritime

town of Dalmatia.sal-to, tavi, tatum, t.are, 1. v. n. in-

tens. [sal-io] (" To springmuch ;" hence)To dance.

Salvius, ii,m. Salvius; &'R.oma.TX name.salv-us, a,imi,adj. ("^yhole,entire;''

hence) Saved, preserrecl, unharmed, sa/e,

unhiirt, uninjured, tcell, soiind [etym. un-certain

;prps. akin to Sanscrit sarw-a,

" omnis ;" and Gr. o\-05].

Saninites, lum, v. Samninm.Samn-ium, ii, n. [contracted from

Sabin-ium; from Sabin-i] Samnium; anancient country of Italy, in the neighbour-hood of Latium, whose inhabitants wereau offshoot from the Sabines.— Hence,Samn-is, itis, adj. 0/, or helonging lo,

Samnium; Samniie.—AsSubst.: Samn-ites, itium (sc. liomines) (acc. plur.

:

Samnitas in some editions of Eutropius),m. The inhahitanis of Samnium, the

Samnites.

Samos, i, f. Samos or Samtts; anisland on the coast of Asia Minor oppositeEphe.-us, famed as the birthplace of

Pythagoras, as also for its earth and thevessels m.ade from it.

san-g^s, gulnis, m. Biood [akin t)Sanscrit asan, " blood"].Sardi, orum. Tlie Sardi ; ilie inhabitanis

0/ fhe island of Sardinia; ihe Sardinians.—Hence, Sard-inia, inTaj, f. The island

of Sardinia.— Hence, Sardini-ensis,ense, adj. Sa>-dinian.—As Subst. : Sard-ini-enses, lum, m. = Sai-Ji.

Sarmatse, arum,m. TheSarmatians;a great Slavic people dwelling from theYistula to the Don (in modem Polandand Ptussia).—Hence, Sarmat-ia, ite, f.

The land of ihe Sarmatce; Sarmatia.saucl-o, avi, atimi, "ai-e, 1. v. a.

[sauci-ne, " wounded "] To icound, hurt.—Pass.: sauci-or, atus sum, .ori.

sasum, i, n. [etym. uncertain] A}arge rough stone; a rocJc.

Scsevola, fe, m. Sccevola; a Bomanname.8celera-tus, ta,tum. adj. [sceler(a)o,

' to poUute"] ("Polluted" by crime;

hencc) Bad, impious, tcicled, guiliy,flagilious,ricious. tCW Comp.: sc51&rat-Ior

;

Sup.: scclCrtit-issImus.

scSles-tus, ta, tum, adj. [for sceler-tus ; fr. scelus, sceler-is ]

( " Havingscelus ;

" hence) Wicied, infamous, guilty,

villainous. I^' Comp. : ECllest-Ior ; Snp.:scSlest-issImus.

scelus, Ec615ris, n. [etym. uncertain]A wicked deed ; a crime ; guilt, wickednet$,enormity.

scena, ee, f. A stage or scene of atheatre [Gr. a-Krjinj, " A covered place"].

sci-llcet, adv. [contractcd from edire,

licet ; fr. scire, inf . pres. of scio ; licet]

("It is permitted to know;" hence)Ecidenily, certainly, truly, undoubtedly, in

good iruth, infact.

scio, sclvi and scli, scitum, sclre, 4. v. a.

[etjTn. uncertain] To knov:,vnderstand.Scipio, onis, m. [scipio, " a staff "]

(" StaH") Scipio; the name of a celebratedfamily in the gens Cornelia, the mostfamous members of which were the twoconqiierors of the Carthaginians, P. Corn-elius Scipio Africanus major, in thesecond, and P. Cornelius Scipio .Smili-anus Airicanus minor, in the tMrd, Punicwar.Scordisci, orum, m. 77ie Scordisci;

an uncivilised and cruel people, whosecountry lay on the southem side of theDanube, and corresponded with thenorthern portions of modem Bulgaria.Scribonius, li, m. Scrihonius; a

Eoman name.Scythse, arum, m. The Scythce or

Scythians; the inh.abitants of Scythia, anancienl country of immense extent, com-prehending the modem kingdoms ofTartary , Siberia, Russia in Asia, Muscovy

,

Poland, Sweden, Noi-way, and a part ofGermany. The Scythians were hai-ay,

temperate, and virtuous, though a wand-ering and uncivilised people.secund-0, adv. [seeund-us] l.Second-

ly, in the secondplace.—2. A second iime.

sec-undus, unda, undum, adj. [forsequ-undus ; fr. sequ-or] (" FoUowing ;

"

hence) 1. Xext, second.— 2. Favourable,fair, propitiotis. W^" Comp. : sgcund-lor ; Sup. : secund-issimus.sec-utus (seqvT-), Cta, utum, part,

pcrf. of sequ-or.

sed, conj. [sed = sine, "without"](" Without or apart from, setting aside ;

"

hence) But, yet.

sed-eo, sedi, sessum, sSdere, 2. v. n.

1. To sii doicn, io sit ; to take one's seat.—2. To sit in couri or on the bench; to sit asjudge [akin to Sanscrit root sad, whenceGr.Jf'i'o/jiat, " to sit"].

sed-I-tlo, tlonis, f. [accordingto some,sed= sine ; i, root of eo ; and so, " a goingapart ;"—according to others, se = sine

;

d-o, " to put," and so, " a putting apart,a separating"] An insurrectionary separ-aiion political or military ; dissension,

civil discord, insurrection miitiny,»edition.

VOCABUI.Anv. 143

SolencYa, w, f . Selfueia (now Kepse) ;

.1 city of SjTia on the Orontcs.Bei-la, la;, t. [for Fcd-la; fr. sod-eo]

(•'The sltting thintr;" i. e. " tho thingfor sitting upon; hence) A seal, acftair.

s6m-el, adv. Onee [probably akin toSanscrit sam-a, Gr. iii-o^, " one and thesame"].sS-mSt-ipstuu = 60, acc. ot sni ; pro-

nomlnal sufflx met ; ipsuui, acc. of ipsc.

sSml-borbSriis, barbftra, barb.1r-

nm, adj. [sf-mi, " half;

" barbarus] //al/-

l>arharian , semi-barbarous.

sem-per, adv. £Vfr, alitays, al all

tintrs [jirol rib!y akin to somel].Scmpronlos, li, m. Semproniiis; a

Roniau name.Sena, rc, f. Sena ; a town on tho

eoast of 'Umbria, built by the SenonesGalli, where Hasdrubal vras defeated byJf. Livius Salinator 547 A. u. 0. (nowSinigaylia).

sSn-ator, atOris, m. [senex, sen-is](" One who has become senex;" hence)A memhcr of the senate, a senalor, whetherin Rome or in other places.

sen-atns. atus, m. [id.J (" Tlie office

of a sene.\ ; hence) Tlie council of the

eld^s, Ihe senale, whether at Rome or inother placcs.

sSnec-tns, tutis, f. [for scnic-tus; fr.

senex, (old form of genitivc) senic-is](" The state or condition of the senex

;"

hence) Old age.

sSn-ex, s^nis (nom. and acc. of theneut. plur. in the pos., and of the neut.Bing. in the comp. do not occur :—orig.gen., sCnlcis), adj. [sen-eo, "to be old"]Old, aged, adcanced in years.—As Subst.

:

An aged person, an old man, old iroman(nsnally considercd as a tcrm applicablefrom tiae close of the 40th year of a per-6on's life : according to some, eenex was aperson tumed of CO years of age, whiloeenior denotcd one between 45 and 00years of age). B3?" Comp. : sen-Ior.

sSnlor, oris, comp. adj. Older: v.

senex.

Senoncs (Seno-), um, m. TJie

Senones; a pcople in Gallia Lugdunensis,whose chief city was Agendicum (nowSens). These barbarians, nnder the com-mand of Brennus, invaded Italy ondpillaged Rome. They afterwards settled

in the neighbourhood of Umbria, and thedistrict thus occupied by them obtainedthe name of Sena Gallica.

Sentlus, li, m. Sentius ; a Romannamc.sS-pSl-Io, pClivi or ptlli, pultum,

ptlTre, 4. V. a. [etym. uncertain ; but per-haps se ; pel or pul, root of pel-lo] (" Tocause to go apart from one ; i.e. to putaway from one ;

" hence, with espccialrefcrence to the dead) To bury, inter.—Pass.: sS-pSl-Ior, pultus sum, p61Iri.

sept-cm, num. adj. indocl. Seren[Gr. en-T-a, " seven"].

Septembr-is, is, adj. [Soptombcr,Septcmbr-Is, " Septcmbcr "

] Of Sept-

ember, SepUiiihcr-.

septem - dScim, num. adj. indccl.

[for septcm-deccmj Seventeen.

sept-Imns, Ima, Imnm, num. adj.

[sept-cm] SerenHi.

septingent-eslmus, C?lma,fslmnm,num. adj. [tcptingcnt-i, " seveu hun-dred "] The scrcii hiindrcdlh.

septiiag-eslmus, fslma, i-slmum,num. adj. [contractcd from septuagint-esimus, from scptuagint-a ; " scventy "]

The serenticlh.

septQa-ginta, num. adj. indecl.[sopt-em

;(ua) ; ginta = Korra = ten]

(" Seven tens ;" hence) Seventj/.

sSpul-tiira, tur», f. [seijol-io, " tobnrj-," through root SF.ruL] A burying,biirial, intcrment, sepuUiire.

SequSni, Orum, m. The Scqiiani,

sSqu-cns, ontis,p.Trt. prcs. of sequ-or.

sSqu-or, sCquutus or sijcutus sum,sequi, 3. v. dep. Tofolloio [akin to San-scrit root S-UC, whence Gr. en-eaBai, " tofollow"].Serapeum, ei, n. The temple of Sera-

pis. Scrapis was an Egyptian deity, thesame probably as the Sun.Serglus, li, m. Sergius ; a Roman

name.ser-mo, monis, f. [commonly referred

to scr-o, " to connect"] (" The connectedthing;" hence) 1. Tali-, conrersation,discourse.— 2. Speech, speaking.

Sertorlus, li, m. Sertorius (Q.) ; agoner.il of Marius, who maintaincd him-self for a long while in Spain againstthe partisans of Sylla, but was finally

assassmated by Perpema.Servillus, li, m. Serrilius ; a Roman

name.serv-Io, ivi and li, Itum, ire, 4. v. n.

[serv-us] 1, To be a slare, to serve.—2.To he of use, or service, to ; to befit, or vse-

ful,for.serv-ltlum, Itli, n. [serv-us] ("The

condiiion of a servus;" hcuce) l.Slavery,servilude.—2. Plur.: Slaves, servants.

Scrvlus, li, m. Servius; a Bomanname.serv-o, avi, atum, arc, 1. v. a. ("To

dr.ig aw.ay or rescue " from thc power of

thc enemy; hence) 1, To save, deliver,

preserre, protect.—2. To keep, lay iip, give

heed to.—3. To pay allention to, ohserve.—Pass.: scrv-or, atus suui, ari [Gr. epu-

cj, epu-o,'iat, " to drag," etc.].

serv-us, i, m. (" One dragged away "

or " taken captive ;" honce) A slave, serv-

ant, serf [fr. s.ime source as serv-o].

sestertium, li, v. sostcrtius.

ses-tertlus, tertla, tcrtlum, adj.

[contracted from scmis-tertius ; fromEcmis, " a half ;" tortius] ("Belongingto a third half ;" hcnco) Tico and a half.;

containing tu:o and a half.— As Subst. :

scstertius (written also with tlie cha-ractors US. i.e. II. and Scmis), li, m. (sc.

14i VOCABULAUY.

numus) A sesleree; a small silver coin,

equal to two and a half asses, or onefourth of a denarius. Its value, up to tlie

time of Augustus, was two pence andhalf a farthing sterliiig, afterwards aboutono eighth less. The sestertius was the

ordinaiy coin of the Komans, by wliich

the largest sums wcre reckoned. Thesestertium (1000 scstertii) was cqual (up

to the timeof Augustus, attorwards aboutone eighth less) to £8 Us. Id. sterling.

—The frequcnt use of the genitive fonn,sestertiCim , in designating uumbers abovemillc, occasioned sestertlvun to be

regarded as a nominativo neuter at avery early period ; so that there was iiot

only formed a plural, seslcrtia, but sesler-

lium itself was declined as a singular:

sestertii, sestertio. Sestertium ( mille

being omitted) denotcs a sum of a thou-

sand sestertii ; and, joined with the mul-tiplicative adverbs, decics, centies, ctc.

(centcna millia being omitted), a sum of

n hundred thousand sestertii : thus, dec-

ios sestertium, a million ; centies sester-

tium, teii miUions, etc.

sevei'-ltas, itatis, f . [sever-us, " seri-

ous"] ("The quality of the severus ;

"

hence) Heriousness, gravily; scveriti/ in

good or bad sense.

sex, num. adj. Lndecl. Sia: [Gr. ej].

sexag-esimus, esima, esimum, num.adj. [contracted from sexagintesimus

;

from sexaginta] TJiesixtieth.

sex-a-ginta, num. adj. [sex; (a) ;

ginta=KovTa=ten] (" Sis tens ;" hence)Sixty.

sexcent - eslmus, esima, tsimum,num. adj. [sexcent-i] The six hund-reth.

sex-centi, centEe, centa, num. adj.

[sex ; cent-um] Six hundred.sex-decim, num. adj. indecl. [for

sex-decem] Sixteen.

sex-ies, nimi. adv. [sex] Six times.

1. sex-tus, ta, tiun, num. adj. [id.]

Sixth.

2. Sextus, ti, m. [1. sextus] Sextus;

a Koman name.si, conj. I/[Gt. ei]-

si-C [apocopated from si-ce ; i.e. si,

akin to hic, is, ita ; demonstrative suflix

ce] Jn this 7nanner, in such a manner, so,

ihus ; in thefoUowing way, as/ollows.

SicQia, Ee, f . Sicili/ ; a large islaud in

the Mediterranean, which still retainsits ancient name. It was also calledTrinacria, from its three promontories(rpel^, " three ;" aifpai, " promontories ;")

viz. Pelorum, Pachynus, LilybEeimi.

sic-ut, adv. So as,just as.

signum, i, n. [etjTn. uncertain] 1. Anuirk, token, sign.— 2. A statue.— 3. Amilitary standard, an ensign.

Silanus, i,m. SHanus; a Eomanname.Silvla, £6, f . Silvia ; the daughter of

Kumitor.sim-ilis, ne, adj. (" Of a common or

corresponding nature ;" hence) Liie, re-

sembling, sitnilar. C^ Comp. : stmll-

lor ; Sup.: slmil-lTmus.

slm-ul, adv. 1, Togeiher, al once; to-

getlter, in company, in conjunction.—2. Atthe same lime [akin to semel].slne, prcp. gov. abl. case. Without.

blngiil-aris, are, adj. [singul-i] (•' Oforbelongingto singuli ;" hence) 1. Single,

solitary.—2. Wonder/ul, remarkable, extra-

ordinary, singular.

sin-gQlus, gula, gulum (mostlyplural), adj. 1. One to each, separate. — 2.Single, individual.— 3. One by one, onea/ler another [cts, cvo^, " one"].

sinister, tra, trum, adj. [ctym. un-certain] 1. Le/t, i.e. on the le/t hand.—2.Awkward, urong, improper—3. Unlucky,adverse, un/avourable, ill, bad. l^g"Comp.: sinister-ior.

Slnope, es, f. Sinope (nov,' Sinub) ; atown of Paphlagonia, ontlteEuxine, thebirthplaoe of Diogenes the Cynic andresidence of Mithridates.

Slpylus, i, m. Sipylus ; a mountain onthe Irontiers of Lydia and Plirygia.

Smyrna, sz, t. Smyrna or Zmyrna

;

a celebrated maritime city of lonia ; ac-cording to some, the birthplace of Homer( stiU called Smyrna'). [ Gr. S^vpi^," Myrrh."]socer , 6ri, m. A /ather in law [akin to

Sausci-it swacru, Gr. kKvp-oi;, " a fatherinlaw"].socl-alis, ale, adj. [soci-us] ("Of, or

belonging to, asocius;" heuce) 1, Com-panionable, sociahle, social.—2. 0/, or be-

longing to, aUies; con/ederate,aUied.1. socius, li, m. 1. A companion,

comrade, associate.—2. An aUy, con/eder-

ate [akin to Sanscrit sakhi, " afriend"].2. socl-us, a, um, adj. [1. soci-us] 1.

Shared icilhanother ;joint,co?nmon, united,

associated—2. Leagued, aUied, con/eder-

ate.

socoi'd.-Ia, i£e, f. [socors, socord-is,

"slothful"] (-'The state or quality ofthe socoi's ;'' hence) 1. Weakmindedness,siltiness, /oUy, stupidtty.—2. Carelessness,

negligence, sloth, lazinfss, indolence, inac-

tivity.

sol, solis, m. (" The glitterer ;" hence)The sun [akin to Sanscrit root sun, " toglitter ;' Gr. rjA-io?, " the sun"].solllclta-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. of

sollicit(a)-or.

solllclt-o, .avi, atum, are, 1. v. a.

[sollicit-us, " agitated "] (" To make

agitated;" hence) 1. To move violently;

to move, shake. agitate; to move, remove,displace, disturb.—2. Tostirup, vex,excile,

disturb, disguiet, harass, inolest.—3. Toincite, provoke. tempt, instigate to ; to

tampcr icith.—Pass. : solliclt-or, atussmn, ari.

1. sol-um, i, n. [probably root S0L=SED, root of sed-eo] (" That on -whichanything is seated, placed, etc; hence,the lowest part of, or under, a thing

;''

hence) The ground, earth, land, soil.

VOCABOLART. 145

3. sOl-nm, adv. [sol-ns] Alone, only,nirtflj/, barely.

solas, a, nm (gen. sollua :—dat. soli)-adj. [etym. unccrtmii].-l/one,on/«,4i;i(7/<.solf. " '

eSm-tas (for rolv-tns), ta, tnm, part.perf. of solv-or.

eo-lvo, Ivi, lCrtnm, lv6re, 3. r. a. [for80-1 uo ; fr. se, •• npart ;' luo, '• to loosen "]('•To loosen apart ;" hence) 1. To un-loose, unfasten, untie, unbind, etc—2 Ofrein3

: To relax, slacken.—3. Of personsor raoney

: To pay.- -4. To free, releaseexempi, delirer.—Pass. : so-Ivor, latuseuni, Ivi.

Sophene, ea, t. Sophene (now Zoph) •

a country of Armenia Minor, on theboriJers of Mesopotamia.s6ror, oris, f. A sister [akin to San-

ecrit swasri, "a sister"]Spartacus, i, m. ^J^arlacus; a celc- proslZe ' '^'ZifJ''!/''''''"''

'''''':'!'''<'"

ated Thracian gladialor. who' c^,^^l ^^''LlttZ.^: Y'!'». "'^°^„ ^ «l^J^^tsbrated Thracian gladiator, who carried

on the war of the gladiators against theEomans.spatl-osTis, osa, 6sum, adi. [spati-

Bni, "space"] ("Full of spatium;"ncnce) Exlensive, roomy, spacious. B^Comp. : spatlos-Ior ; Sup. : spdtlos-is-Blmns.

specta-cfilrtm, cMi, n. [sj)ect(a)-oto behold "] (" That wliich is made

for beholding;" hence) A shoui, sighlspeclacle.

'

specta-ndns, nda, ndnm, gcrundivefrom 8pect(a)-or, " to be beheld :" adludos spectandos, to behold, or be a spectatorof, the ijames.

spe-s, Bp€i, f. [for sper-s ; from sper-o,to hope ;

'the old form of inflection

eeems to have belonged to 3rd declen-sionj Hope.sp61-Ium, li, n. ("That which is

stripped off;" hence) Arms, armour,clothing Btripped from a fallen enemy;booty, prey, spoil [probably root <tkv\,whence o-kuA-Aw, " to strip"].spond-So, spopondi.sponsnm.spond-

ere, 2. V. a. 1. Law and mercantile 1. 1.,in bargams, covenants, treaties, etc.: Topromue tolemnly ; to bind, engage, orpledge one't telf.—2. Of personal sub-jects

:To promise sacredly, to row [akin

\9j^J- <riiv&-ia, " to pour out or make aIibation ].

spon-te, abl., and spontis, gen., ofa nonn spons, f., of which no other casesoccnr [for spond-te; fr. spond-eo ("Apledgmg of one'8 self to a thing-"hence) Offree mll, of one's own accordof one s ulf, freely, willingly, xolunlarily,ipontaneously. "

less than an eighth of nnEnglisb mile.—2. A racecourse for footracing [ (ir<rTa5to>', " a stadium "].

sta-tim, a<lv. [st(B)-o, " to stand "1( By a standing;" hence) 1. Steadily,steadfaslly.—2. 1'orthicilh, immedialely,„8tata-a, ffi, f. [statu-o, " to set up "]( The thmg sct up ;

" hence) An imaaea slatue. "^ '

8t£-tas, tQs, m. [st(a)-o, "tostand"!1. A standing, position.—2. Condition,situatwn, state.

r t^^^'^'^^''^^^' °- ^""^' fx<^rement

[alanto Gr. o-Tep-y-dcoy, "dung"].Ster-no, stravi, stratum, stempre, 3

V. a. 1. To spread out, spread abroadlto stretch out, extend ; to strew, scatler.—2Of personal objecta : To slrelch out byfltnging down; to throw down, stretch onthe ground, throw to Ihe ground, overlhrow

nameatadlam, li, n. (" That which stands

laet;

hence, as being a fixed standard oflength) 1, Astade, sladium; a distance

TJI ?^^.' °l^^^ ^'"an feet, eqnal to

t?Ji^ 9 mches English ; it was aneighth part of a milliarum, or somewhat

To overthrow, demolish.— Pass.: ster-nor, stratu3sum,stemi[rootSTAR orbytransposition stiia ; akin to Sanscrit rootOTAB or STRI £ Gr. orop-eVru/it].stipendl-ai-Ius, arla, arlum, adi.

[stipendi-um] 1. Of, or belonging to,tribute

; liable to impost or contribution;tnbulary.- -2. Receicing pay, servingfor

pay,hired, stipendiary.

sti-pend-Ium, ii, n. [for stip-pend-lum

; Ir. stips, stip-is, " a contribution ;

"

pend-o,"to pay"] ("A paying stips;"hence) 1. A tax, impost, tribu/e, contribu-tion payable in money.—2. Pay, stipend.—3. MtlUary service : honesta stipendiahonourable service, i. e. the rank or officeof a centurion.

stipes, Itis, m. A log, stock. post.trunk of a tree [akin to Gr. arvno^-}.strangul-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a

Tothrottle, choke, siiffocate, strangle, etc.—Pass.: strangfll-or, atus sum, ari[Ur. o-TpaTvaA-dw, " to strangle"].Strat6mce, es, f. Siralonice (now

Lskihirsa); a city of Caria.strenu-e, adv. [strenu-us] Briskly

^i^ly, promptly, actively, strenuously.BS^ Sup.: stienuisslme.Stren-Ous, iia, aum, adj. Brisk,nim-

ble, qutck, prompt, active. vigorous, strenu-ous, vivacious, etc. 1^^- Comp.: stren-illor

; Sup. : strenOissImus [akin to<rTpi)i'-^'s].

st<idI6s-e, adv. [stndios-us, " eager "]Eagerly. zealously, earnestly. B^J- Compstudlos-Ius; Sup.: studlos-isslme.8tiipr-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v a

[stupr-um] 1. To defile.—2. To dia-honour by unchastity ; to debauch.stuprum, i, n. [etym. uncertain] 1.Sporlas. li m Smiri», . « ,«»«•„ r>°^«P*"'^i ». " [etym. uncertain]

ime.i>purtus; a man s Defilement, dishonour.-2. Debauchen/.

suad-eo, suasi, suasum, suadGre, 2.V. n. [etj-m. uncertain] To advise, giveadvice.

sQb, prep. gov. abl. case. Under, be-neath, below [akin to Sanscrit up-a, Gr.vir-o, " under"].subac-turus (for subag-turus), tQra,

146 VOCABLLAlir.

turnm, part. fut. of subig-o, through

true root bubag.sQbac-tas (for subag-tus), ta, tum,

part. perf. of subig-or, through tnieroot

BUBAO.8ub-igO, pgi, actum, IgCre, 3. v.a. [for

snb-ago] 1.: a. Tobrinfj under, get under.

1), To piit doicn,ocercome, conqum-, sultju-

gate, stibdue, etc—2. (" Toputinmotion,

or tum up, from beneath ;" henco) a. Of

a vessel, etc: To impel, iirge, or push on,

roic, etc—b. To bring, incite, impel; to

force, compel, constrain to anything.

—

Pass.: siib-lgor, actus sum, Igi.

8ublt-o, adv. [subit-us] Suddenly, on

a iuddon.

silbl-tus, ta, tum, adj. [stjbi, root of

sube-o, " to approach ptealthily "] That

has come on steallhily or unexpectedly;

sudden, unexpected.

subjec-tus (for subjac-tus), ta, tum,

part. pei-f. of subjic-ior, through true

root srBJAC.sub-jlclo, jeci, jectum, jlcgre, 3. v. a.

[for sub-jacio] To throuj under or beneath

;

to place beneath.— Pass. : sub-jlcior,jectus sum, jlci.

sub-jug-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a.

[sub; jug-um] ("To bring imder the

yoke ;" hence) To vanguish, subdue, sub-

/wj/ate.—Pass.:subjug-or,atussum,arl.sub-la-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. of

toUor, from sub; la, root of la-tum,

supine of fero.

sub-m6veo, movi, mStum, movere,

2. V. a. (" To move from beneath ;

"

henoe) To remove, drive aicap, dnve off.

— Pass. : sub-moveor, motus siim,

mSveri.siib-urb-anus,ana, anum, adj. [sub

;

nrbs, urb-is] Situate near ihe city ; sub-

urban. — As Subst.: siiburbanum, i

(sc pra;dium), n. An estate near Ihe

city.

sub-venlo, veni, ventum, venire, 4.

V. n. (" To come up behind ; " hence)

To rnme to one's assistance; to aid, assist,

reliece, succour.

sr.c-cedo, cessl, eessum, ceJere, 3. v.n.

[for sub-cedo] To comebehind somepersonui thing : i. e. tofollow,follow after, comeirtto the place of, succeed.

succes-sor, soris,m. [for succed-sor ;

from fucced-o] A foUower, successor in

office, pnssession, time, etc.

succefi-siirus (for suoced-surus),

sCra, suruui, part. fut. of succed-o.

succes-sus, sus, m. [for succed-sus ;

from succed-o, " to turn out well"] ("Ataming out well

;

" hence) A good resuU,

happij issue, success.

sud-or, Oris, m. [sud-o, " to sweat"]Sweat, perspiralion.

Suessa, a; f. Suessa; v. Pometia.Suev-Ia, te, f. [ Suev-i ;

" TheSnevi

;" a people In the north-eastem

part of Germany] The country of the

Suevi ; Sucria (now called by the Dutchi^hwazen).

siii (dat.: sibi ; acc. and abl.,se, or roduplicated sese), pron. pers. sing. andpliu-. Of himself, herself, itself, or them-

selves.

SuUa, OB, m. SuUa ; a Roman gen-

eral, the rival of Marius, and disting-

uished, like him, by his great and nun.'-

erons victories, his barbarity, tyranny.

aud aml)ition.

Sulplclus, li, m. SuJpicius ; a Eom-an namc.s\uu, fili, esse, v. n. To be [ia p

sent tenses root ES, akin to Sanscrit r<

AS, whence (Jr. €cr-/xi', ei-Mt, "to be ;" ii^

perfect tenses, root fu, akin to Sanscrit

root BHU, "to be," whence Gr. <j)v-ii>,

(j>V-lil].

summ\is, a, um, v. siipgrus.

su-mo, mpsi ormsi, mptum or mtum,mere, 3. v. a. [probably for sub-emo ; fr.

sub, " up, upwards ; " emo, " to take"''

1. To take hold of, lay hold of.—2. '-

take by choice.—3. To assume.— Vas9,:

sii-mor, mptus or mtus simi, mi.

sum-tus, tus, m. [sum-o, " to ex-

pcnd] (" An expending ;" hence) Ex-

pense, cost, charge.

siipel-lex, lectHis, f. [probably cor

tracted frora super-leg-tilis ; fr. supe- ;

leg-o, "to lay"] (" That which is laid

upon" the surface of the rooms, etc, as

opp. to fbctures ; hence) Honsehold utensiU,

stuff, furniture, moveable goods (only in

sing.).

super, prep.. gov. acc. and abl. cases :

1. Of place : Over, on the top of, vpon, on.

—2. Of time : During, in, at [Gr. vTrip,

"above"].siipera-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. ol

super(a)-or.

superb-ia, Iee, f. [superb-us] (" Thequality of the superbus

;

" hence) Pride,

haughliness, arrogance.

super-bus, ba, bum, adj. [super]

(" That is above" others; hence) Proud,

haughty, arroganf. ^W Comp.: superb-

lor ; Sup. : superb-isslmus.

siiperlor, lus, v. superus.

siiper-o, avi, atiun, are, 1 . v. a. [snper]

1. To go past or beyond.—2. To overcome

,

subdue, conquer, vanquish.—Pass. : siiper»

or, atus sum, axi.

super-sum., fui. esse, v. n. (" To be

or exist beyond " another ; hence) To iive

after iinother ; toouilive; to survive.

siiper-us, a, um, adj. [super] That is

above,npper, on high.—AsSubst.: siiperi,

orum, m. phir. Tlte gods above, the celestial

deities. ftg" Comp. : sQp6r-Ior, Higher;

Sup. : supremu? or summus, Highest.

super-venio, vcni, ventimi, vgnire,

4. V. n. To come vioiently upon,to attack.—Impers. perf. pass.: siiperventum est

a Camillo,^n attackwas made upon, etc. by

CaJiiUlus; Camillus came violently upon,

or made an attack tipon, etc.

supplic-ium, li, n. [supplic-o, " to

kueel dowm"] ("A kneeling down;"hence) 1. As a suppliant : Anhumbleev-

VOCABDLARY. 147

treaty or petition ; a supp!ieation.—2. Toreceive pnnishment

: Punishment,pehactytoriure, torinettt, pain, distress, suffer'.iiig.

snpra, prep. and adv. [contracted frBupera, adverbial abl. of Buperus] 1. PrepgoT. acc. case: a. Above, over: suprauiare, on the sea-eoast. — h. Vpon. — 2.Adv.

: a. On Ute upper side, on tht top,—b. lieyond. BS" Coinp. : stlpC-rlus.Surena, a.>, m. Tlie Surena; i.e. the

g-rand vizier (of the Partliian king),6uscep-tus (for suscap-tus), ta, tum,

part. perf. of suscip-Ior, tlirough trueroot suscAP.sus-clplo, ccpi, ceptum, clppre, 3.

T. a. [for subs-capio] (" To take, or layhold of, from beneath;" hence) 1 ?'otale, or catch up; to li/t up, raise up.—2.Of men : To get, begei, children, etc.— 3.Of women : To conceive, bear, bringforlhchildren.—4. To take upon otieS self; loundertake, assume, incur, enter upon ; tosubtnit fo, vndergo, stiffer, etc. — 5 Toreceive.—Vasa.: sus-clplor, ceptus sum,cipi.

-r, 1 ,

sus-tlneo, tlnQi, tentnm, tlnere, 2.V. a. [for subs-teneo, from subs = sub-tcneo] To undergo, etidure, sustain.—Fass.

:

sus-tlneor, tentus sum, tlueri.sus-tul-i, pe^rf. indic. of tollo [for

Bubs-tul-i; from subs = sub : root tul

uhence toMo, tul-i].'

Sutr-ini, inorum, m. [Sutr-ium

;

Sutrium" (now "Sutri"), a town ofEtruria] Thepeople of Sutrium; the Sutr-ini

sQ-us, a, um, pron. poss. [su-i] Of, orbdonging to, himself, herself, itself, ort/ieiiiselves; his own, her own, its owntheir oirn.

'

Syphax, acis, m. Syphax; a king of^ umidia at the time of the second Punicwar. He married Sophonisba, thedaugh-ter of Hasdrubal; and, forsaking thealliance of the Romans, took part withhis father-in-Iaw and Cai-tliage. He wasmrule prisoner, and can-ied to Rome,where he died in prison, b.c. 201, or a. u.££2.

Syracusae, arum, f. Syracuse (nowSiragossa)

; a city of SicUy.—Hence, Syr-acus-anus, ana, anum, adj. Of, or be-longing to, Si/racuse ; Syracusan. —AsSubst.

: Syracusani, orum, m. (sc.cives) The Syracusans.Syrla, a;, f. Syria ; a country in Asia,

cn the Mcditerranean Sea.—Hence,SyrI-acus, aca, acum, adj. 0/, oibelonging to,Syrta; Synan,Syriac.

tSb-ula, ae, f. (" Tho cut thing ;"

hence) 1. A board, plank.~2. With orwithout, picta : A painted tablet or patiela painting, picture [probably akin to TaurOOt Of TilX-VO), " to cut "].talentum, i, n. A lalenl, j. e.: 1. A

Greciau weight, varjong in diHerent

P

Btates, usually about half a hnndr^d-weight.—2. A sum of money varying inamount

: a. The Attic taleht, which iemost usually meant, contained si.xtymina;, i. e. £243 15s. steriing. — b. Atalent of eighty minas [Gr. rd.\avTov, " athing weighal"].ta-Us, le, adj. [probably belonging to

a deinonstrative root to, " this," akin toGr. article rd, "the"] Of such a kind,naliire, or gualily; such.tam, adv. [probably an accusative

form from the same root as ta-Iis] 1. Incomparisons: So far, in so fai:—2. Inabsolute cxpressions : So, so veri/, to sucho high degree.—S. With superlatives : a.Answering to the Eng. T/ie ; so mtich the;all the: with a comparative.—b. So veryso exceedingly.

tamen, adv. [perhaps a lengthenedform of tam] Notwit/istanding, for allt/iat, neverl/ielcss, yel, still, at ledst.

tan-quam, adv. of comparison [fortam-quam] 1. As much as, so as, justas,like as, as if, as it tcere, so to speak, etc.—2. Just as if,jiist as thoug/i, as if.

tant-um, adv. [tant-us] 1. So much,so greatly.—Z. Oiihj, mereiy, alotte.tan-tus, ta, tum, adj. [for tam-tusj

1. Of such size or measure; so great inamount, extent, value, or degree.— 2.Tanti, Of so great price or value.Tarentini, omm, v. Tarentum.Tarentum, i, n. Tarentum (now

Taranto),a. to\\"i\ of Lower Italy.—Hence,Tareut-mi, inoruni, m. T/ie people orTarentum, l/ie Tarentines.

Tarquinlus, li, m. Tarquin; thename of tl>« fifth king of Eome, and hiadescendants.

Tauromenltani, orum, v. Tauro-menitanus.Tauromenl-tanus, tana, tanum,

adj. [Tauromeni-um, " Tauromenlum

"

(now " Taormino "), a town in the east-ern part of Sicily] Of, or belonging io,Tauromenium.—MSuhst.: TauromSn-Itani, ortim, m. T/ie people o/ Tauro-menitim; the Tauromenitans.Taurus, i, m. Taurus {novr Ala Dagh,

or Al-Kurun); a high mountain range

in the south-eastern part of Asia Minor.tempes-tas, tatis, f . [for tempor-tas

;

fi-. tempus, tempur-is] (" The state of theteinpus;" hence) 1. A portion, poini, or.ymce oftime.—2. Weat/ier, whether goodor bad ; also, a storm, tetnpest.

tem-plum. pli, n. (" A piece or por-tion cut oH;" hence) 1. An open placefor observation, markcd out by theaugur with his stalf. — 2.A consecratedor sacred place, a sancluary.—S. A placededicaled to some particular deity; afane, lemple [root te.m, akin to Teu.-i,oi,"tocut"].tem-pus, poris, n. ("A section, por-

tion, division;" hence) 1. Of time: Apottion or point o/ time.— 2. Time jageneral [id.].

2

148 VOCABDLART.

ten-do, tCtendi, tensiim or tentum,

temltre, 3. V. a. and n. l.Act.: To slrekh.

—2. Neut.: To bend oiie's way.—Pass.:

ten-dor,teBSUsortentussum,tencli[Gr.root 7fr, whence reir-w, " to stretch"].

ten-eo, Oi, tum, ere, 2. v. a. 1. To

hold, keep, have.— 2. To liave tn ones

poiccr, lopossess.—3. Toholdhacl-^hinder,

reslrain ,repress.check.—Pass. : ton-eor,tus sura, eri [akin to ten-do].

ten-to, tavi, tatimi, tare, 1. v. a. in-

tciis. [for tend-to; fr. tend-o] To try,

a/^pm;>/.—Pass.:ten-tor, tatussum.tari.

ter, num. adv. [tres, t(e)r-iumj Tliree

times, t/irice.

Terentius, u, m. Terenlius; a Eom-an name.

. , . , ,

tergum, i,n.[etym.uncertain] A oack.

ter-minus, mini, m. (" That which

is Btepped over or across;" hence) 1. Ahoundarii,houiidary-line.—2. A lirnit [akin

to SanscVit root TAR or Tiu, " to step over

OT across"].

ter-ra, raj, f. (" The dry thing;"honco) 1. TUe earlh as opposed to the

sea, aii-, or heavens.—2. The earlh; i.e.

land, ground, soit [probably akin to

Sanscrit root tar.sh, " to thirst;

" wheuceGr. Tep<T-eo-0at, " to be dried"].

terr-itorium, Itorli, n. [terra;

through obsolote terr-itor, "one whoholds land"] (" A thing belongiug to a

territor; " heuce) Landed possessions,

domain, territory.

terr-or, oris, m. [terr-eo, " to fi-ight-

»n"] Great fear, affrighl, dread, terror.

tevti-o , adv. [terti-us] 1 . For the ihird

time.—2. In the third place, thirdly.

ter-tius, tia, tium, "num. adj. The

third.

testa-mentum, menti, n. [test^a)-

or, " to testify "] (" That which testifies;"

hence) A irill, testament.

Tetricus, i, m. Tetricus; a Eomanname.Teutobodus, i, m. Teutobodus ; a

lcader of the Oimbri.TeutSnae, arum, Teutones, um,m.

The Teutons; a people of Germany.^thennse, anmi, f. plur.=0ep^a vSaTa-

%Varm baths.

Thessalia, se, f. Tliessaly ; a comitry

lu the north-eastem part of Greece.

Thracia, se, f. Thrace; a country to

the north of Greece.

Ttberis, is, m, 77;« Tiher (now Tevere,

anciently called AlbuJa) ; the river onwhich Eome was built.

Tiber-ius, 5i, m. [Tiber-is] (" Themauof Tiber") Tiberius; aRomanname.Tigranes, is, m. Tigranes; a king

of Armenia.Tigranocerta, n. indeol. Tigrano-

cerla (now Sered) ; the cliief city of

Armenia.Tigurini, orum, m. The Tigurini;

the inhabitants of that part of Helvetia

now represented byZiirich and its neigh-

bourhood.

tlm-eo, Oi, no snpine, Sre, 2. v. ^[etym. uncertain] Tobe afraidof; tofear

—Pass. : tim-eor, no perfect. cri.

tim-or, oris, m. [tim-eo] Fear,dread,

apprehension, alarm, anxiety.

tiro, cnis, m. [etym. uncertain] 1. Anewly-levied soldier ; a young soldier, re-

cruit.—2, A beginner, tiro.

Titurius, u, m. Tilurius; a Romanname.Titus, i (abbrevlated T.), m. Ttlus;

a Romar. name.tog-a, a;, f. [for teg-a ; fr. teg-o]

(" Thecoveringthing;" hence) A loga;

the outer garment of a Roman citizen in

time of peace. The toga wom by men(termed toga pura or virilis) was madoentirely of white wool and had no oma-ment. Youtlis, till they reached their

seventeenth year, wore a dress with a

broad purple border, which was called

toga prajtexta.

tog-atu.s, ata, atum, adj. [tog-a]

Furnished, or provided with, a toga; weaV'

ing a toaa.

tol-lo, sustiili. sublatum, toUSre, 3. v.

a. 1. To lift or Uike up.—2. To take away

or carry o/f.— Pass.: tol-lor, sublatus

sum, toUi [root tol, whence tul-i; akin

to Sanscrit root tul ; Gr. rK-a.ia, " to

bear"].Tolumnius, ii, m. Tolumnius; a

king of thc Veientes.

Tomi, orum, m. Tomi (now Tomes-.

va) ; a town of Moesia on the Pontua

Euxinus, famous as the place of Ovid's

banishment.Torquat-us, i, m. [torquat-us,

" provided viith a torquis or coUar ]

Torqualus; a cognomen of T. Manlius,

who was so called because he put on the

neckchain of a Gaul whom he had slaia

in single combat.torqu-is (-es), is, m. and f. [torqu-

eo, " to twist"] (" The twisted thing

;

hence) A Iwisled neckchain,necklace,coUar

of gold, woTO by the Asiatics and Ganls.

tot, num. adj. indecl. [etym. uncertaln]

So many.totus, a, um (gen.: totius; dat.: toti),

adj. [etym. uncertain] The whole, entire,

total.

trac-to, tavi, tatum, tare, 1. v. a. in-

tens. [for trah-fo; from trah-o] 1. To

touch,takein hand,hand!e.—2. To treal,

use.—3, To 7nanage.—'Pass.: trac-tor,tatus sum, tari.

trac-tus ffor trah-tus), ta, tum, part.

perf . of trah-or.

trad-endus, enda, endum, gerundive

of trad-or.

trad-ens, entis, part. pres. of trad-o.

tra-do, didi, ditum, dfere, 3. _v. a.

[from tra=tran5, " across, beyond ;" do,

" to put"] (" To put across or bej-ond;"

ncnce) 1, To give vp, deliver, transmit,

surrender.—2. To hand dotcn to posterity

;

io relate, narrale, account,— Pass.; tra-

dor, dltus sum, di.

VOCABULABY. 149

tl^SgflcTiB,'*, nm, ad}. Reliting to orMtfd in tragedy; tragic [Tpayiito?. " iier-

taining to a goat ; " hcnce, " trar/ic"].

tragroedla, ae, f. Tragedy [Gr. rpay-<fiiia. " iragedy"].trSh-o, traii, tractum, trShSre. 3.

T a. [etym. nncertain] 1, To dratt,drag,drag along.— 2. Of eiistence: To dragout ; i. e. to pass or tpend with dis-

comiort, etc.—3. To exlend, prolong.—^.Trahere originem, To derire on^i descent ororigin. — Pass.: tr&h-or, tractus sum,triihi.

tra-jlclo, jeci, jectum, jlcCre, 3. v. a.

and n. [for tra-jacio ; from tra = trans

;

jacio] 1, Act.: a. To throtc OTJling over;To shoot orer or across.—b. To conreyacross a body of water, etc.; to ship orer,

transport across, etc. — 2. Keut.: To passorer, cross.— Fass. : tra-jlclor, jectusBum, jlci.

tranqnill - e , adv. [ tranquill - us," calm " ] Calmly, quietly, tranquilly.

V3S' Comp.: tranquill-Ius ; Snp.: tran-qnill-isslme.

traus, prep. gov. acc. Across, orer,

beyond, on the further side of [akin to

Sanscrit root tab or tri, " to cross

over"].transac-tns (for transag-tns) . ta,

tum, part. perf. of transig-o, throughtrue root tbanSag.Trans-alp-inna, Ina, mum, ailj.

[ jTans ; Alp-es] Thai w, or lies, beyond the

Alps; Transalpine.

trans-€o, ivi or H, Itum, Ire, v. a.

irreg. [trans, "beyond;" eo] 1. To goheyond, to cross.—2. To go or pass by.

trans-fgro, tiili, latum, ferre, v. a.

Irrtg. [trans, "beyond;" fero] 1. Tocarry beyond, eonrey across or orer.— 2.

To transfer.—Pass.: trans-feror, latus

Bum, ferri.

transfiig-a, ae, comm. gen. [trans-

fag-io, " to flee over " to the enemy] Onevhoflees orer to the euemy ; a deserter.

trans-gredlor, gressus sum, grCdi,

3. V. dep. [for trans-gradior ; fr. trans;

gradior, " to step"] To step across ot orer

;

to go OT pass over; to eross.

transgres-sns (for transgred-sus),

Ea, sum, part. perf. of transgred-ior.

trans-Igo, egi, actum, Ig6re, 3. v. a.

[for trans-ago ; fr. trans, " throngh ;

"

ago] To bring to an end; to conclude,

finish.—Pass.: trans-Igor, actus sum,Igi.

translt5r-lns, la, lum, adj. [trans-

Itor, " one who passes through"] (" Of,

or belonging to, a trausitot ;" hence)

Through tchich there is a uay; Juiring athoroughfare ; passable.

trans-mSr-inus, Ina, mnm, adj.

[trans ; mar-e] Beyond sea, comingfromteyond sea, transmarine.

TrSbla, as, m. The Trebia inow Treb-

hia) ; a river in Upper Italj . celebrated

for Haimibal's victory over the Eom-«ns.

trScent-SsXmas, Sslma, &Imum,nura. adj. [trccent-i] Three-hundredth.

' trS-cent-i, ae, a, num. adj. [for tri-

cent-i ; from tres, tri-um ; cent-um] ThretI hundred.' trg-dSclm, nnm. adj. indccl. [for tri-

I

decem ; from tres, tri-ma ; dccem] Thir-teen.

Tremelllns, li, m. TremeUitu ; aRoman name.

tres, tria, nnm. adj. Three [Gr. Tpe«].Triballi, orom, m. Tlie TribalH; a

people of Mcesia, whose country formedpart of the modem Bulgaria.trlb-untis, i, m. [trib-us, " a tribe"]

(" One pertaining to atribus ; " hence) Aeommander, tribune : tribunus plebis, atribune of the people or commons. TheoflBce of tribune of the commons waaoriginally instituted for the professedpurpose of defending the lower ordersagainst the aristocracy. By continnalencroachments, however, the tribunesbecame possessed of most of the realpower of the whole state.

trlb-tto, tii, utum, Cere, 3. v. a. [per-haps trib-us, " a tribe "] (" To assign toa tribe;" hence) To assign, allot, im-part, bestou:, gire.—Pass. : trlb-iSor, utnsEum, fli.

trlbii-tam, i, n. [tribu-o] (" A ttainggiven;" hence) A stated payment; con-Iribution, tribute.

trtc-eslmns (trig-), eslma, eslmnm,num. adj. [contractwi and changed froratrigintesimus ; from trigint-a] Thirtieth.

tric-Ies, num. adv. [contracted andchanged from trigint-ies ; from trigint-a]Thirty times.

Trlclpltinus, i, m. Tricipitinus ; aRoman name.tri-d-unm, tii, n. [for tri-di-vum

;

from tres, tri-um ; di-es] (" A thing per-taining to three days ;

" hence) The spaciof three days, three daijs.

trl-enn-Ium, li, n. [for trl-ann-ium,from tres, tri-imi ; ann-us] ("A thingpcrtaining to three years ; " hence) Thtspace of Ihree years, three years.

trigesimus, a, um, v. tricesimus.tri-ginta, num. adj. indecl. [tres, tri-

um; ginta^Koi^Ta^ten] ("Three tens;"hcnce) TTiirty.

tristis, e, adj. [etym. uncertain; per-

hapsTM,rootof tero, " to rub"] ("Eub-bfd or wom;" hence) Sad, sorrowful,dyected, melancholy. &W Comp. : trist-

lor; Sup.: trist-isslmus.

trit-Icum, li, n. [prob. trit-ns, "arubbing"] ("The thing pertaining totritus

;" i.e. the rubbed thlng ; hence, as

being rabbed from the ear) Wlteat.

trlumpha-ns, ntis, part. pres. oftriumph(a)-o.triumphatum est, v. triumpho.trlumph-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. n

[triumph-us] To make a triumphal prit

cession • to hold or celebrate a triumphto triumph. — 1. Impcrs. perf. pasa. t

150 VOCAliULART.

trXumphattmi cst, // fTJ! (riumphed,

Uiere tras a triumph.—2. trlumphari,To bf triumpJied, i.e. Ihat a Iriump/i shoiild

take plaee or be obtained.

trlTUnphus, i, m. ^ solemn and maon-ijicent entrance of a general into Itome after

having ohtained an imporinnt riclory; a

triumphal procession, a triumph : tri-

mnphus justus, a diie Iriumph ; i.e. one

£or the aiaughtcr of at lenst 5000 of the

enemy, ond an incroase of the power of

the state.—A trlumph was granted to aYiotorious Romnn general,\vho had slain

not les3 than .'iOOO of the enemy. Heentcred the clty in a chariot draw-n by

four white horses, crowned -CT-ith laurel,

boaring in his hand a branch of the

palm, the emblem of victory. Eefore

him went his soldiers singing his praises.

Models of the cities he had conquered

were carried in procession, together with

the spoils which he had taken from the

enemy ; wliOe immediately before liis car

went the captive princes and peoplo, in

chains and barefooted, Thp procession

took its way to the Capitol ; and when it

arrived at the ascent of zne taii t!->e cap-

tured chiefs were led away to prison,

where they were mercilessly put to dcath

In oold blood. The general proceeded

onwards, and offered a thanksgiving

sacriflce of larger victims to Jupiter

Capitolinus.— There was also another

and inferior honour (which was called an

ovation) decreed to a successful general,

who had not slain a sufficient number of

enemies to entitle him to a trinmph. Hewas not allowed to enter the city in a

chariot ; but he went on foot, or, at the

furthcst, on horseback [dpianPos, a pro-

cession in honour of Bacchus].

Troia, as, f. Troja or Troy; a city of

Asia iiinor, which was taken and de-

etroycd by the Greeks after a ten years'

Biege B.c. 1184, according to the usually

received accounts, or according to Eutr-

opius B.c. 1147. The war between the

Trojans aud Greeksarose from Paris,the

son of Priam, king of Troy, carrying off

Helcn, the wife of Menelaus, Idng of

Sparta.trux, iicis, adj. (" Wishing to kill

;

hating;" hence) Wi!d, rough, fiard,

harsh, saFage,fierce,ferocious, grim, stern

[for truc-s; akiii to Sansorit root druh,"to wish to kill," "to hate"].

tu-6or, Itus sum, eri, 2. dep. [etym.

uncertain] 1. To look at, view, regard.—2. To defend, guard,prolect.

TulUus, ii, m. Tullius; a Eomanname.TuUus, 1, m. TtiUus; a Tloman name.tum, adv. [probably from eame root

as talis ; v. talis] At the time, at that limc,

Viin.

tiim-ultus, ultiis, m. [probably akinto tum-eo] 1. Dislurbance, disquielude,

agitation, tumult, of the raind or feelings.

2. A sudden. or impending, tcar; civil

jfar, insurreelion, tumuU, sedition, rtbett'

ion.

tvm-c, adv. [apocopated and changedfrom tum-ce] At the very time, at ifiat

lime, then.

turb-O, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a. [tnrb-aj

1. To cause disorder, confusion, tumull, or

disturbance lo ; to disturb, confuse; to throw

inlo disorder or eonfusion. — 2. To eon

found.—Tass.: turb-or, atus sum, arl.

turp-is, e, adj. [etym. uncertain] 1.

Ugly,unsighlhj,foul.—2. Unseem!y,shame-

ful, disgraceful, base, dishonourahle. 8^*Comp.: turp-lor; Sup.: turp-isslmus.

turpissimus, a, um, v. turpis.

Tusci, orum, m. The Tusci; the in'

habitants of Etruria ; the Tuscans, Etrusc-

uns, Etrurians.—yience, Tusc-ia, Ijb,

f. The country of tht Tusci; Tuscany,

Elruria.Tusciiltun, i, n. Tusculum. (now

Frascali); a town of Latium.tu-tor, toris, m. [tu-eor, "to pro-

tcct"] 1. A proleclor, defender.—2. Aguardian.

tii-tus, ta, tum, adj. [tu-eor, " to

guard"] ("Guarded;" hence) Safe. B3"Comp.: tut-ior; Sup.: tut-isslmus.

tii-us, a, um, pron. poss. [tu] Thy,

thine, your, yours.

tyramilcus, a, nm. Tyrannous, tyr-

annical [Gr. rvpari-iKo;, "tyrannical"].

iibi, adv. [akin to qui] 1. Tn which

place, iehere.—2. Where t—Z. When, as

soon as.

ubi-cunque, adv. Wherever, where'

soever.

ul-lus, la, luro (gen. : ulllus; dat.

:

ulli), adj. dim. [for un-lus; fr. un-us]

Any.—Ks, Subst. : ullus, ius, m. Anyperson, anyone.

ultimus, a, um, snp. adj. 1. Lasl.—2. Lowesl.—3. Furthest. KS" Pos.: ulter,

obsolete; Comp.: ultfiricr.

ultr-a, prep. gov. acc. [obsolete ulter,

uitr-i, " on the other eide "] On the olher

side of, beyond, across.

un-decim, num. adj. [for un-decem;from un-us ; dec-em ] ( One and ten

;

hence) Eleven.

undeclm-us, a, nm, num. adj. [un-

decim] The eleventh.

ungu-entiim, enti, n. [ungn-o, " to

anoint "] ( " The anointing thing ;

"

hence) An ointment, vnguent, perfume.

unguis, is, m. 1. Of persons : A nail.

—2. Of animals: A daw, talon, hoof [aJdn

to Gr. o>'v|, " a naU"].iin-i-versus, versa.versum, adj. [un-

us ;(i) ; versus, "tui-ned"] (" Tnmed

intoone;" hence) AIl logether,t!ie vhole,

enlire, coUective, tiniversal,

un-quam, adv. [im-us;quam] At any

time,ever.

iin-us, a,um (gen. nnius; dat. uni),adj.

One.—Adverbial expression : In imum,Jnto one place, together [Gr. ets, ex-os].

VOCABULART. 151

Tirb-8, to, t. [ probably nrb-o, " to

liiirroiind"] ("Tho Eurroandcd thiiig;"

honce) A fralUd toitn, n city.—AniongKomans, frequently, 77« cily, i.e. RomcUscfldSma, «, f. Utcudama (also

callcii Uiulriar.oiiolis); a tow-n of Xhxace.u-8-qvie, aiJv. [akin to qui; (s) ; que]

1. Oi place; a. All tht v^iy, ritjht on,

trithout slo/: continuouslu, conitantiy.—b.With aoc, if place, or of person : All Ihe

vay lo, atJar as, to.—2. Of time : All the

trhile froiji or to a period ; as long or as

far as ,vnlil.— 3. In otlier relations : a.£ren antil; quite vp to or as far as.—b.Riyht on. tcit/iout stop, continuously, con-ilantly, incessantly.

usu-rp-o, 4vi, atum, are, 1. t. a. [for

usu-rap-o ; fr. usub, uncontracted gen.U6u-is; rap-io] ("To seize to one'8 ov\ti

nse;" hence) 1. To maie use of, use,

employ.—2. To appropriaie unlaicfully, to

usurp.—Pass. : UBn-rp-or, atus sum,ari.

fit, adv. and conj. [etrm. nncertain,but probably from the same pro/iominalroot as qui, quod] In tchat manner, how;in the manner that, as.

iiter-que, utri-que, utrum-que (gen.,

atriusque ; dat., utrique), adj. [uter," one or the other ;

" que] One and Ihe

olher; both; each.

u.tr-im-qtte, adv. [uter,utr-ius; (im);que ; i.e. from uterque, with adverbialeufflx inserted between uter and que]From or on both sidcs or parls, on the onetide and on the olher.

uxor, oris, f. A xcife.

vac-uus,iia, fium.adj. [vac-o] Empty,void, vacant.

vaga-ns, ntis,pnrt. pres. of vag(a)-or.

vag-or, atus Buin, ari, 1. v. dep. [vag-ns, " wandering"] To tcander about; to be

a wanderer; to roam, ramble, range, rove.

Valerlus, U, m. Valerius ; a Romanname.val-Idus, tda , Mnm, adj. [val-eo]

Sirong,pou:erful. B*~Comp.: vSIId-Ior;Bup.: vJUld-issImus.

vSr-Ius, la, lum, adj. Dieerse, differ-enl, manifold, dianging, varying, various[alan to Gr. ^oAi-o?, "spotted," etc.].

Varro, onis, m. Varro; a Romanname.Varus, i, m. Varus; a Roman name.vasta-ns, ntis, part. pres. of vast(a>-o.

vast-o, avi, atum, &re, 1. v. a. [vast-us] To lay tcaste, devastate,pillage.—Fass.

:

vast-or, atus snm, ftri.

Vecta,ffi,f. Vecta (now IsleofWighl).veh-Ictilmn, IcQli, n. [veh-oj (" That

wliich scrves forcarrying: ; " hencc) 1. Acarriage, conv^yance, vehicle.—2. A uag-gon, cart.

v61i-o, vexi, vectum, vBhBre, 3. v. a.

To bear, carry, convey.—Pass.: v6h-or,vectus sum, vHii [akin to Sanserit rootWAH, to carrj/}.

V61I, Orum, m. Veii : a oity of Etruria,ono of the twelvo towns of the Etrurianconfoderacy,conquercd by Camillus (ncarthe modern villagc of Isola).—Hcnce,Veientes, lum, Veientani, 6rum, m.Thepeopleof Veii;lhe i'eientfSOTVeientCLns.

vel, conj. [akin to vol-o] (" Wish " or" choosc ;" hencc) Or, or if you vrill.—Vel . . . vel, Either . . . or.

vcnd-ltlo, Itlonia, f. [vend-o] A tell-

ing, sale ; a vending.

vend-Itus, Ita, Itum, part. perf. of

vend-or.ven-do, dldi, dltum, dBre, 3. v. a.

[vcn-um, " sale ;" do, " to place "] (" Toplace for sale ;" hence) To sell, vend, etc.

—Pass.: vend-or, Itus sum, i.

vSnenum, i. n. [etym. uncertain] 1.

A potion,juice, drug.—2. Potion that dt-

slroyslife, poiion.—3. Poison, venom.vSn-Ia, os, f. 1. Favouror induigence

;

readiness to render service, obliging dispo-silion or conduct, grace, kindtiess, favour.—2. Forbearance in respect to anywrongthat has been done

; forgiveness, pardon ,

remission [akin to Sanscrit root was," to respect," etc.].

vSnl-ens, cutis, part. pres. of veni-o.

ven-io, veni, ventum, v6nlre, 4. v. n.[etj-m.uncertain] Tocome.—Impers.pass.1. Indic. jjcrf. ventum est, It has beencome.—2. Subj. pluperf. ventum esset,It had been come (preceded by quum).ventor, tris, m. A bellv [probably

digaminated from ivTep-Qv, " the en-trails"].

Ventldlus, li. m. Ventidius; aRom-an uame.verbSr-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a.

[verber, '• a lash "] To lash, scourge, tchi/i,

jlog, beal, strike.—Pass.: verbSr-or,atus sum, ari.

ver-um, adv. [ver-us, "truo"] 1.Truly.just so, even so, yes, as a confirma-tory reply.—2. As a strongly corrolwra-tivo adversative particle : But in trulh,Hotwitltstanding, bul yet; and, after nega-tive clauses, but even, but.

Vespasianus, i, m. Vespasian; ar.oman emperor,vespSra, a;, f. The evaiing, eventide

[Gr. c<r-fpa, "evening"].vesp-illo, illonis, m. [akin to vesp-a,

"an undertaker"] An underlaker oreorpse-bearer.

Vest-alis, ale, adj. [Veet-a, " Vesta;"

the daughter of Satum, the goddess offlocks and herds, and of the honsehold ingeneral] 0/, or belonging to, Vesla; Veslal.

—As Subst.: Vestalis, is, f. (sc. virgo),A Veslal virgin ; i.e. a virgin dedicatedto the Bcrvice of Vesta. The Vestal vir-gins at Rome wcre admitted into thosacred order at ten years of age, and oon-tiuucd in it for tlurty yeara ; at tho ex-piration of which time they were atliberty to leave it, and to marry. Thofirst ten years of thelr consecrated lifa

wcro occupied in leaming their dutice

;

152 VOCABULABY.

the second ten in periorming tliem ; the

last ten in teaching them to the youngvirgius recently admiticd into the order.

Their chief employment was to attend

to the sacred fire buraing on tbe altar of

the goddess ; and, as the superstition of

the Romans im^igined thatfearful calam-ities would befal the state, if this werenot kept contiuually alivo, a severe

punishment was iuflicted upon those

who permitted it to expire. They hadalso the charge of the Palladium of the

Romau people. If any violated their

vows of chastity, they were buried aUve.At the same time their honours and priv-

Ueges were great. Vestal virgins wereexempt from the control of parentalauthority, and had the power of makingtheir o\\-n wills, though under age. Theycould giant a free pardou to any criminalbeing lod to execution, if their meetinghim was accidental aud uupremeditated.The utmost respect was shown them bythe citizeue of all ranks aud agee ; whileon their approach even the consularfasces were lowered, iu token of thehonour due to their sacred character.

The order consisted of four,asestabIishedby Numa. Tai-quinius Priscus, or Serv-ius Tullius, added two more. It must beborne iu miud that Rea Silvia, the motherof Romulas ajid Remus, was an AJbau,and that vestals w^ere not appoiuted at

Home till about sLsty years later.

vet-o, iii, Itum, are, 1. v. a, [etym.uncertain ;

probably akin to vet-us](" To leave iu the old state;" hence)Sol lo permit; ioforbid, prohil/ii.—Pass. :

vet-or, Itus simi, ari.

Vettlus, li, m. Vettius; a Romanname.Vetiiria, se, f. Veturia; the mother

of Q. Marcius Coriolanus.

Vetiirivis, li, m. Veturius; a Romanname.vet-us, Sris, adj. Thathas existedfor

a long iime; aged, o!d, ancieni. ^^"Comp. : vBt^r-Ior ; Sup. : v6ter-rlmus[Gr. eT-05, " a year "].

vl-a, aa, f . [for ve-ha ; £r. ve-ho](" The thiing that carries or conveys ;

"

hence) A way, road.

vic-eslmus (vlg-), eslma, eslmum,num. adj. [contracted and chaugedfrom vigiutesimus ; from vigint-i]

Ticentieth.

vXc-lnus, ina, inum, adj. [vic-us](" Of, or belonging to, a vicus ;" hence)Near, neighbouring, in the neigJ.i/Ourhood

OT vicinity.—Comp.: vlcin-Ior,

vic-tor, toris, m. [vi(u)c-o] A con-querur, vanquisher, victor.

victor-ia, I03, f. [victor] ("The thingpertaiuiug to a victor ;" hence) Conquest,victory.

vlc-trix, icis, f. [vi(n)c-o] She thatis viclorious or coniftiers.—As Adj. fem.:(also, .used in neat. plur., victiicla)Vietorwus, conquering.

vic-tus, ta, tum, part. perf. ofvi(n)c-or.

vicus, i, m. 1. CoUectively : A roxeofhouses in town or country ; a quarier ofa city, a street.—2. A village or hamlet

;

a country seat [Gr. oIkos, " a house "].

vld-eo, vidi, visum, vldere, 2. v. &To see, behold, perceive.—Pass.: vId-8or,visus simi, vlderi.—a. To be seen.—b. Tobe looked upon or regarded in any way ;

io seem, appear [akin to Sanscrit rootviD, " to know ;" Gr . cS-eii', " tosee"].vigesimus, a, um, v. vicesimus.vi«ginti, num. adj. [for bi-ginti

;

from bis;ginti=Koi/Ta=ten] ("Twice

tcn;" heuce) Twenty.

vil-la, Iffi, f. [probably for vic-la ; fr.

vic-us, " a village "] ("A tliing pertain-ing to a vicus ;" hence) A couniry house,country seat

,farm , villa.

vimiu-alis, &le, adj. [vimen, vimin-is, "an osier"] Of, or belonging to, anosier or osiers.— Viminalis Collis, TheViminal (or Osier) Hill ; one of the sevenhills of Rome (so namcKi from a willow-copse wliich stood there).

vinc-io, vinxi, vinctum, vinclre, 4.

V. n. [etym. uncertain;

prob. akin to

vinco] To bind, fetter, cluiin, etc.—Pass.

:

vinc-ior, tus sum, iri.

vi(n)c-o, vlci, victiun.viucSre, 3. v. a.

[root vic ; but etym. uncertain] To con-quer, vanquish, overcome, subdue.—Pass. :

vi(n)c-or, victus sum, vinci.

vinc-tus, ta, tum, part. peri. of vinc-ior.

Vindellci, oriun, m. The Vindelici; aGerman people, whose chief town waaAugusta Vindelicorum (the mod. Augs-burg).vindlca-ndus, nda, ndimi, ger-

imdive of viudic(a)-or.

vindlca-tiirus, tura, tQrum, part.fut. of vindic(a)-o.

vindlc-o, avi, attmi, are, 1. v. a.

[etym. uncertain] 1. To lay legal daimio a thing.—2. To demand, claim, arrog-ate, appropriate, assume.—3. To free,deliver, set free.— 4. To avenge, revenge,-

punish a wrong.—Pass. : vindlc-or,atus Btim, ari.

vir, vlri, m. 1. A man.—2. Ahusband[akin to Sanscrit wir-a, " a hero "].

virga, £e, f. 1, A slender branch; aiwig, sprout, sicitch, rod.—2. A rod, inthe fasces of the lictors, with wMch cri-

miuals were scomged [etym. micertaiu

;

usually referred to vireo ; but accordiugto some akin to Sanscrit root wbidh orWKiH, "to grow"].Virglnlus, Ii,m. Virginius ; aB.om-

an centuriou, who killed his daughterthat she might uot fall iuto the power of

the Decemvir, Appius Claudius.

vir-go, ginis, f . [vir-eo, " to bloom,"etc.] ("The blooming one," hence) Amaiden, maid, virgin.

Viriathus, i, m. Viriathus a leader

VOCABULARY. 153

.if the Lnaitanians In (he war a^nstthe Romans.VirldomSras, 1. m. Viridomariu

;

B king of tUe Uauis, slain by M. ClaudiusMarcellas.vir-tU8, tQti>, f. [Tir] ("Tho quality

of the \-ir ;" honcc) l.MaiiUness, courage,brarery, boldness, talour.—2. Worth, ex-ctllenct.—3. Virlut.

vifl, vis (plur. : vires), f. 1. Strength,poicer, might, force.—2. Piur.: Troops,/orees [Gr. I5, "strength "].

•vi-ta, Ub, f. [for viv-ta; £r. viv-o](" That which is lived ;" hence) Life.

VitelUuB, li, m. Vitellius; a,Viomaii.

name; esp. A. Yit«LIins, a Roman em-peror.

vltl-osTis, osa, Cfium, adj. [viti-um](" i'uU of vitium;" hence) 1. FuU offaults or d^ects; faulty, defeclive, bad,corrupt.—2. Morallii faully, tricted, de-praTed,ricious. K^^Comp.: vItI6s-Ior;

Snp.: vltlos-isslmus.

vltlum, li, n. [etym. nncertain] 1,Afault, defect, imperfection.—2. A moraldefect,failing, or offence; a vice.

vit-O, avi. &tum, are, 1. v. a. [etym.nnrertain] To aroid, shun, try to escape.

—Pass.: vit-or, atus sum, ari.

viv-o, vixi, victiim, vlvere, 3. v. n.

To lice [akiu to Sanscrit root Giv orGViv ; Gr. Pi-610'" to live"].

viv-UB, a, mn, adj. [viv-o] Liting,

vix, adv. [perhnps for vig-s ; fr. vig-eo, " to flourish "] (" With effort ;

"

hence) With difficully, hardly, scarcely,

barely.

v6c-0, avi, atum, are, 1. v. a. 1, Tocatl.—2. To invile.— 3. To allure, entice.

—Pass. : v6c-or, atus sum, ari [akin to

Sanscrit root vak or vach; Gr. iir in«iTT-fti', " to speak"].v61-ens, entis, part. pres. of vol-o.

v61-0, vOlui, velle, v. irreg. To be

willing, to tcish [akin to Sanscrit roofc

VAR, " to choo:« ; " Gr. ^oA-o/xa(, fiovK-

jfiai, " to wiBh"].

Volscl, 6rum, m. The Volsei, orVolfciuns; tho most cousiderable peopleof Lalium. Their chief cities were An-tium, Anrur, Arpinum, Circeii, Corioli,

and Tregellse.

Volumnla, a;, f. ro?umnia ,• the wifeof Q. Marcius Coriolanus.volunt-arlns, arla, arTum.adj. [con-

tractoJ from voluiitat-arius ; from vol-untas, voluntat-is] (" Of, or belongingto, voluntas

;'' hence) Willing, of his or

ils oicn free-tcill ; voluntary.

volun-tas, tatis, f. [for volent-tas;fr. voleus, vclent-is, " willing "] (" Thequality of the volcns ; " hence) Will,

inclination.free choice, desif''.

v6rac-itas, Itatis, f. [vorax, vorac-is, " Jevouring"] (" The quality of thavorax ; " hence) Greediness, ravenousness,roracity.

vox, vocis, f. [=voc-s; from voc-o," to call out"] (" Ttiat which callsout;"hence) A voice.

vulnora-tus, ta, tmn, part. perf. ofvulner(a)-or.

vuln6r-o, avi, attim, are, 1. v. a.

[vulnus, vulner-isj To wound; to hurt orityure by a wound.—Pass. : vulner-or,atus 6um, ari.

vuln-us, 6ris, n. A tcound [akin toSanscrit root WKAJf or TIU.K, " towound"].Vulso, onis, m, VuUo; a Eoman

name.vul-tus (vol-tus), tOs, m. [probably

from vol-o] (" Thewishing.orejcpressingone's wish," by one'8 looks ; hence) 1,An expression of countenance ; thecounlen-anci, visage,featuret, air, look, mien,—2.T/ieface.

Xanthippns, I, m. Xanthippus; ageneral of the Lacedaemonians, who de-feated and captured Regulus, the Romanconsul, in the first Punio war r/Jr.

Ha^etjTffoi, "red- or bay-horse"].

toiirnoN': pniirrED by

fiPOITISWOODE AND 00., KEW-STIIEET SQUARE

A>'D PABLIAUENI EIB£}iI

o

bind; •". MAY 2 ] 1968

VA'

I

I

^o r->

00 cfco w »i

fD O K>

«• H«

ci- JXJ