international waste management pdf
TRANSCRIPT
Waste Management Systems
INTERNATIONAL WASTE MANAGEMENT Rachel. H Phil. F Gautam. B Adrian.w
Summary of Our Presenta@on
Let us begin!!
1Why the Topic is of Interest
2Waste
Management in Different Countries
3 United NaCons Approach
Why is Interna@onal Waste Management of Interest to us? 1
Crea@ng solu@ons to aid with waste management in developing countries may be a Future Career for some of us.
It’s an eye opening topic. Not all areas of the world are fortunate to have the capabili@es to properly manage curbside waste. It educates us on human health and environmental impacts. It puts into perspec@ve the environmental, economic, and social baJles of being able to appropriately dispose of waste generated by every day ac@vi@es.
Why It’s of Interest to Us
Brazil Waste Disposal
Organ
ize with
SecCo
ns
Waste Management in Canada Here in Niagara we have Regional curbside waste collec@on processes. Mediums such as Garbage, Paper, PlasCc and Organics are collected and disposed of in appropriate manors.
Each level of government has its own responsibili@es pertaining to waste.
Municipal Government Responsible for collec@ng and Managing wastes from homes. Provincial Government Responsible for approvals, licensing and monitoring of waste management prac@ces. Federal Government Deals with interprovincial/na@onal movement of hazardous waste materials.
Environment Canada 2013
2 Waste Management In
Different Countries
Now , flip over your handout cards!!
Waste Management in......
London England
Government developed waste strategy systems to focus on improving waste management for residen@al and commercial waste genera@on. The Corpora@on of the City of London is responsible for collec@ng waste from 9,000 residents and 340,000 workers daily.
Waste Management in London England
Waste Stream 2011 2016 2021
Commercial/ Business waste
466 Thousand tonnes
481 196
Municipal waste 38 41 44
Total 504 522 540
Future Waste Projec@on for London England
London’s Largest Waste Management Company
Important Acts that Pertain to London’s Waste Management:
Waste Minimiza@on Act – 1998 Landfill Tax Regula@ons – 1996
Household Waste Recycling Act – 2004 Clean Neighborhoods and Environment Act-‐ 2005
Waste Framework Direc@ve – 2008 Landfill Direc@ve – 1999
Waste Incinera@on Direc@ve – 2000 Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Direc@ve – 2002
Waste Management in London England
• Sending @res to landfills has been banded • Landfill taxes of £ 72 per tonne • 42.9 percent of all waste collected in England
in 2014 was recycled (Perchard 2015)
Waste Management in......
Metro Manila, Philippines
Waste Management in Metro Manila, Philippines Waste Management in Metro Manila is currently in a developing state. Waste collec@on processes for non recyclables and special wastes are handled by the local government.
Once collec@on occurs waste is usually brought to un-‐sanitary dump sites or is thrown aside at random loca@ons. These prac@ces lead to severe health affects and to the contaminaCon of habitual land.
Waste collec@on is a constant struggle due to the lack of financial accountability as well as regulatory opera@ng procedures.
Barangay units à small villages, are responsible for collec@ng reusable and compostable materials.
Issues With Metro Manila Waste Prac@ces
Leachate Samples of run-‐off from Rodriguez and Payata dump sites show high levels of contaminants that are extremely hazardous. Due to the improper structure of the dump sites, the contaminated leachate seeps directly into water that is used by local fisheries and as a drinking water source.
Lead poisoning Common in children, lead poisoning can lead to mul@ple health affects including learning difficul@es, reduced growth and many other illnesses that stem from the central nervous system
Arsenic Levels of arsenic were found to be 60 @mes the safe contact level. This can lead to skin lesions, increased risk of cancer and circulatory issues.
Biological Oxygen Demand The increased biological oxygen demand from the leachate robs surface water of oxygen necessary to support aqua@c life.
Health Issues With Metro Manila Waste Pickers
Adults and children work as waste pickers at the dumpsites. It is es@mated that 4,300 individuals pick through the garbage without any protec@on from the dangerous and filthy condi@ons. It is also es@mated that more than 150,00 people live in the surrounding dump area and come in contact with the ci@es waste. It is no wonder that Lead and Arsenic are having affects on children and civilians in the city.
SoluCons? Ecological Solid Waste Management Act à Put in place to help with their waste management problem. • States that half of all waste must be
diverted into compost/recycling. However , due to improper implementa@on not much has changed.
Waste Management in......
MalmÖ, Sweden
» 98 percent of waste that is collected from residen@al areas in Malmo is reused or recycled. This includes crea@ng Biogas! Biogas is used to provide fuel for taxis, cars, buses and garbage trucks that travel through the city.
Organics In Malmo sor@ng out food waste is a must. Since 2014 all ci@zens have been recycling their food waste.
Environmental Law Swedish Environmental Laws place responsibility on product producers. They are responsible for collec@on systems and treatment methods as well as providing informa@on in regards to how their product should be disposed. Sec@on 6 of Sweden’s Environmental Code.
Municipal Policy states that “environmental, social, and ethical requirements should be made in all public contracts and that requirements made should aim for long-‐term sustainable development.” (City of Malmö, 2012).
Waste Management in MalmÖ Sweden
Waste Management in MalmÖ Sweden
Treatment methods for waste in Malmo Material Recycling Biological Treatment Energy Recovery Landfill
Household waste is collected in two forms Mixed fracCons (for energy) or separate fracCons (For food waste or combus@ble waste.)
InternaConal Waste Management Videos Waste Management Sweden: hJps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTV6f853IZE Waste Management Africa: hJps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6AcOniyGMv0 Waste Management PalesCnian Territories: hJps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RY2fswgYRsE
3 United NaCons Approach
to Waste Management
• Waste is a global issue • Developing countries are
growing rapidly • Development of
Environmentally Sound Technologies (EST)
What is Their Approach to Waste?
• Demonstra@ons and pilot projects • Technology support • Capacity building • Secretariat of the Global
Partnership for Waste Management
Why are They Involved?
• Show how a process will work at a local scale • Show the benefits for the economy, people and
environment • Partnering and manpower • Successful applica@on in China, India, Lesotho, Sri
Lanka, Brazil • Currently working in Kenya and Ethiopia
Pilot Projects
Technology Support • Stages: Laboratory tes@ng, pilot program, usage • Sustainability assessment of technologies (SAT)
• Reports on technologies for waste management (conver@ng wastes to resources)
Capacity Building • Training • Bringing ins@tu@ons, policy makers and
stakeholders together • Crea@ng a plan
Eco-‐Towns • Urban planning • Taking an environmental
approach to development • Reduce nega@ve impact
through technology, tools and techniques
hJps://nextcity.org/daily/entry/the-‐impoverished-‐slum-‐that-‐became-‐manilas-‐model-‐recycler hJp://www.ide.go.jp/Japanese/Publish/Download/Report/2010/pdf/2010_431_05.pdf hJp://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publica@on/29301/garbage-‐book.pdf hJps://www.ec.gc.ca/gdd-‐mw/ City of Malmö (2012) Public procurement guidelines. hJp://www.malmo.se/Foretagare/ Offentliga-‐upphandlingar/Regelverk-‐och-‐policy/Hallbar-‐upphandling.html Swedish waste management associa@on (2010) Swedish waste management 2009. Swedish Waste management associa@on, Malmo, Sweden hJp://www.avfallsverige.se/fileadmin/uploads/Rapporter/SWM_2013.pdf hJp://www.unep.org/ietc/OurWork/WasteManagement/tabid/56239/Default.aspx hJp://www.unep.org/ietc/OurWork/WasteManagement/EcoTowns/tabid/79266/Default.aspx hJp://www.unep.org/ietc/OurWork/WasteManagement/Capacitybuilding/tabid/56256/Default.aspx hJp://www.unep.org/ietc/OurWork/WasteManagement/Technologysupport/tabid/56255/Default.aspx hJp://www.unep.org/ietc/OurWork/WasteManagement/Projects/tabid/56253/Default.aspx
References
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INTERNATIONAL WASTE MANAGEMENT